John Chrysostom, On John

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being able to move them, He does none of these things; but He utters words that can dissolve all savagery. And He says, "If I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil"; that is, "If you can find fault with what I have said, prove it; but if you cannot, Why do you strike Me?" Do you see the court full of tumult and disturbance and anger and confusion? The high priest asked insidiously and deceitfully; Christ answered straightforwardly and as He ought. What then should have followed? To refute or to accept what was said. But this does not happen; but the servant strikes Him. Thus what was happening was not a court of justice, but a conspiracy and a tyranny. Then, finding nothing more even so, They send Him bound to Caiaphas. And Peter was standing and warming himself. Alas, with what deep sleep was the fervent and raging one held, when Jesus was being led away? And after so many things he is not moved at last, but is still warming himself, that you might learn how great is the weakness of nature when God forsakes it; and being asked again, he denies. Then the kinsman of the servant whose ear Peter had cut off, grieving over what had happened, says: Did I not see you in the garden? And not even the garden brought him to remembrance of what had happened, nor the great affection which He had shown there through those words, but he cast all these things away from his agony. Why then did the Evangelists write with one accord concerning him? Not to accuse the disciple, but wishing to teach us how great an evil it is not to entrust everything to God, but to trust in oneself. But you, marvel at the care of the Master, that even while being held and bound, He took great forethought for His disciple, raising him up as he lay by His glance, and drawing him to tears. They lead Him therefore to Pilate from Caiaphas. And this happened, so that the multitude of judges, even against their will, might show the tested nature of the truth. And it was morning. Before the cock crowed, He is led to Caiaphas; in the morning to Pilate. By which the evangelist shows that for the whole half of the night, being questioned by Caiaphas, He was convicted of nothing; for which reason he also sent Him on to Pilate. But leaving those things for others to narrate, he himself says what follows. And consider the ridiculousness of the Jews. Having seized the innocent man, and bearing arms, they do not enter into the praetorium, that they might not be defiled. And yet what defilement, tell me, is it to set foot in a court of justice, where wrongdoers pay the penalty? They who tithed the mint and the dill, did not think they were defiled when murdering unjustly; but by setting foot in a court of justice they considered themselves to be defiled. And for what reason did they not kill Him, but led Him to Pilate? Chiefly because much of their rule and their authority had now been cut away, their affairs being under the Romans. And for another reason, they feared lest they should later pay the penalty, being accused by Him. And what is it, "That they might eat the Passover?" And yet He Himself had 59.452 done it on the first day of Unleavened Bread. Either then by 'the Passover' he means the whole feast; or that they were celebrating the Passover then, but He Himself had delivered it one day before, reserving His own slaughter for the day of Preparation, when the old Passover also took place. But they, bearing arms, which was not lawful, and shedding blood, are scrupulous about the place, and bring Pilate out to themselves. And coming out he says, "What accusation do you have against this man?" 4. Do you see him detached from their love of power and envy? For seeing Him bound and led by so many, he did not think he had an indisputable proof of the accusation; but he asks, saying it is absurd for them to have seized the judgment, but to entrust the punishment without judgment to him. What then did they say? "If this man were not an evildoer, we would not have delivered Him up to you." O the folly! for why do you not state the evil deed, but obscure it? why do you not prove the evil? Do you see them everywhere avoiding a direct accusation, and being able to say nothing? Annas asked Him about His teaching, and having heard, sent Him to Caiaphas; and he having asked again, and

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μετακινῆσαι δυνάμενος, τούτων μὲν οὐδὲν ποιεῖ· φθέγγεται δὲ ῥήματα πᾶσαν δυνάμενα θηριωδίαν ἐκλῦσαι. Καί φησιν· Εἰ κακῶς ἐλάλησα, μαρτύρησον περὶ τοῦ κακοῦ· τουτέστιν, Εἰ μὲν ἔχεις ἐπιλαβέσθαι τῶν εἰρημένων, ἀπόδειξον· εἰ δὲ οὐκ ἔχεις, Τί με τύπτεις; Ὁρᾷς τὸ δικαστήριον θορύβου γέμον καὶ ταραχῆς καὶ θυμοῦ καὶ συγχύσεως; Ἠρώτησεν ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς ὑπούλως καὶ δολερῶς· ἀπεκρίνατο ὁ Χριστὸς ἐξ εὐθείας καὶ ὡς ἐχρῆν. Τί τοίνυν τὸ ἀκόλουθον ἦν; ∆ιελέγξαι ἢ ἀποδέξασθαι τὸ εἰρημένον. Ἀλλ' οὐ γίνεται· ἀλλ' ὁ δοῦλος αὐτὸν ῥαπίζει. Οὕτως οὐχὶ δικαστήριον, ἀλλὰ σύστασις καὶ τυραννὶς τὰ γινόμενα. Εἶτα μηδὲ οὕτως εὑρίσκοντές τι πλέον, Πέμπουσιν αὐτὸν δεδεμένον πρὸς Καϊάφαν. Ἦν δὲ Πέτρος ἑστὼς, καὶ θερμαινόμενος. Βαβαὶ, πόσῳ κάρῳ κατείχετο ὁ θερμὸς καὶ μεμηνὼς, ἀπαγομένου τοῦ Ἰησοῦ; Καὶ μετὰ τοσαῦτα οὐδὲ κινεῖται λοιπὸν, ἀλλ' ἔτι θερμαίνεται, ἵνα μάθῃς ὅση τῆς φύσεως ἡ ἀσθένεια, ὅταν Θεὸς ἐγκαταλίπῃ· καὶ ἐρωτηθεὶς πάλιν ἀρνεῖται. Εἶτα λέγει, Ὁ συγγενὴς τοῦ δούλου, οὗ ἀπέκοψεν ὁ Πέτρος τὸ ὠτίον, ἀλγῶν ἐπὶ τῷ γεγενημένῳ· Οὐκ ἐγώ σε εἶδον ἐν τῷ κήπῳ; Καὶ οὐδὲ ὁ κῆπος αὐτὸν εἰς μνήμην τῶν γεγενημένων ἤγαγεν, οὐδὲ ἡ πολλὴ φιλοστοργία, ἣν ἐκεῖ διὰ τῶν ῥημάτων ἐπεδείξατο ἐκείνων, ἀλλὰ πάντα ταῦτα ὑπὸ τῆς ἀγωνίας ἐξέβαλε. Τί δήποτε δὲ οἱ εὐαγγελισταὶ ὁμοφώνως περὶ αὐτοῦ ἀνέγραψαν; Οὐχὶ τοῦ μαθητοῦ κατηγοροῦντες, ἀλλ' ἡμᾶς παιδεῦσαι βουλόμενοι, πόσον κακὸν τὸ μὴ Θεῷ τὸ πᾶν ἐπιτρέπειν, ἀλλ' ἑαυτῷ θαῤῥεῖν. Σὺ δὲ θαύμασον τοῦ ∆ιδασκάλου τὴν κηδεμονίαν, ὅτι καὶ κατεχόμενος, καὶ δεδεμένος πολλὴν ἐποιεῖτο τοῦ μαθητοῦ πρόνοιαν, διὰ τοῦ βλέμματος αὐτοῦ κείμενον ἀνιστὰς, καὶ εἰς δάκρυα καθέλκων. Ἄγουσιν οὖν αὐτὸν πρὸς Πιλᾶτον ἀπὸ τοῦ Καϊάφα. Ἐγένετο δὲ τοῦτο, ἵνα τῶν δικαστῶν τὸ πλῆθος καὶ ἀκόντων αὐτῶν ἐπιδείξῃ τὸ βεβασανισμένον τῆς ἀληθείας. Ἦν δὲ πρωΐα. Πρὶν ἢ μὲν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι, πρὸς Καϊάφαν ἄγεται· πρωῒ πρὸς Πιλᾶτον. ∆ι' ὧν δείκνυται ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ὅτι τὸ ἥμισυ τῆς νυκτὸς ἅπαν ὑπὸ Καϊάφα ἐρωτώμενος, οὐδὲν ἐξηλέγχετο· διὸ καὶ παρέπεμψεν αὐτὸν τῷ Πιλάτῳ. Ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνα τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀφεὶς διηγήσασθαι, αὐτὸς τὰ ἑξῆς λέγει. Καὶ σκόπει τῶν Ἰουδαίων τὸ καταγέλαστον. Τὸν ἀθῶον συλλαβόντες, καὶ ὅπλα βαστάσαντες, εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον οὐκ εἰσέρχονται, Ἵνα μὴ μιανθῶσι. Καίτοι ποῖος μολυσμὸς, εἰπέ μοι, ἐπιβῆναι δικαστηρίῳ, ἔνθα δίκην οἱ ἀδικοῦντες διδόασιν; Οἱ ἀποδεκατοῦντες τὸν ἡδύοσμον καὶ τὸ ἄνηθον, φονῶντες μὲν ἀδίκως οὐκ ἐνόμιζον μιαίνεσθαι· δικαστηρίῳ δὲ καὶ ἐπιβαίνοντες μιαίνειν ἑαυτοὺς ἡγοῦντο. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν αὐτὸν οὐκ ἀνεῖλον, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τὸν Πιλᾶτον ἤγαγον; Μάλιστα μὲν τὸ πολὺ τῆς ἀρχῆς αὐτῶν καὶ τῆς ἐξουσίας ὑπετέτμητο λοιπὸν, ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίους τῶν πραγμάτων κειμένων. Καὶ ἄλλως δὲ, ἐδεδοίκεισαν μὴ δίκην ὕστερον δώσειν κατηγορηθέντες παρ' αὐτοῦ. Τί δέ ἐστιν, Ἵνα φάγωσι τὸ Πάσχα; Καὶ μὴν αὐτὸς ἦν αὐτὸ πε 59.452 ποιηκὼς τῇ μιᾷ τῶν Ἀζύμων. Ἤτοι οὖν τὸ Πάσχα τὴν ἑορτὴν πᾶσαν λέγει· ἢ ὅτι τότε ἐποίουν τὸ Πάσχα, αὐτὸς δὲ πρὸ μιᾶς αὐτὸ παρέδωκε, τηρῶν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ σφαγὴν τῇ παρασκευῇ, ὅτε καὶ τὸ παλαιὸν ἐγίνετο τὸ Πάσχα. Αὐτοὶ δὲ ὅπλα βαστάσαντες, ὅπερ οὐκ ἐξῆν, καὶ αἷμα ἐκχέοντες, ὑπὲρ τοῦ τόπου ἀκριβολογοῦνται, καὶ ἐξάγουσι πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς τὸν Πιλᾶτον. Καὶ ἐξελθών φησι· Τίνα κατηγορίαν ἔχετε κατὰ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τούτου· δʹ. Ὁρᾷς ἀπηλλαγμένον τῆς φιλαρχίας αὐτῶν καὶ βασκανίας; Ἰδὼν γὰρ αὐτὸν δεδεμένον καὶ ὑπὸ τοσούτων ἀγόμενον, οὐκ ἐνόμισεν ἔλεγχον ἔχειν ἀναμφισβήτητον κατηγορίας· ἀλλ' ἐρωτᾷ, ἄτοπον εἶναι λέγων τὴν μὲν κρίσιν αὐτοὺς ἁρπάσαι, τὴν δὲ κόλασιν χωρὶς κρίσεως ἐπιτρέψαι ἐκείνῳ. Τί οὖν ἐκεῖνοι; Εἰ μὴ ἦν οὗτος κακοποιὸς, οὐκ ἄν σοι παρεδώκαμεν αὐτόν. Ὢ τῆς ἀνοίας! τί γὰρ οὐ λέγετε τὴν κακοποιίαν, ἀλλὰ συσκιάζετε; τί οὐκ ἐλέγχετε τὸ κακόν; Ὁρᾷς πανταχοῦ παραιτουμένους τὴν ἐξ εὐθείας κατηγορίαν, καὶ οὐδὲν δυναμένους εἰπεῖν; Ἄννας ἐκεῖνος ἠρώτησε περὶ τῆς διδασκαλίας, καὶ ἀκούσας ἔπεμψε πρὸς Καϊάφαν· καὶ αὐτὸς ἐρωτήσας πάλιν, καὶ