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He discourses concerning the evening sacrifice. In ancient times there were two altars, one constructed of bronze, the other of gold. And the one was for almost all the people, set forth for the sacrifices of the whole multitude, but the other lay in the inner sanctuary and within the veil. Rather, so that what we are saying may become clearer, we will try to take the account back to the beginning. In ancient times there was a temple among the Jews, forty cubits in length and twenty in width. Taking ten cubits from this length, he marked off an inner space with the veil, and the part taken was called the Holy of Holies, while the outer part was just the Holy Place. And everything shone with gold. 3. Some said that even that beam above was of hammered gold. Where the high priest alone entered once a year, there also lay the ark, and the Cherubim; there also stood the golden altar, where the incense was offered, prepared for nothing else but for the incense alone. And this happened once a year. In the outer temple, therefore, was the bronze altar, and every evening a lamb was brought and burned. This was called the evening sacrifice; for there was also a morning one, and twice a day the altar in the temple had to be burned, apart from the other sacrifices brought by the people. For this was a command and law for the priests, so that from their own house and from themselves, when no one else offered, they were to sacrifice and burn one morning lamb and one evening lamb; and the one was called the morning sacrifice, the other the evening sacrifice. And this was ordained by God to take place, showing through what was done that he must be worshipped continually, both at the beginning and at the end of the day. This sacrifice, therefore, was always well-pleasing, and such was the victim; but the one for sins was sometimes well-pleasing, and sometimes not well-pleasing, this and that happening according to the disposition of those offering, toward virtue or wickedness; but that which was not offered for the sins of others, but was a law of sacred rite and a manner of worship, was always well-pleasing. He asks, therefore, that his prayer become like that sacrifice which is defiled by no stain of the one offering it, like that incense which is pure and holy. And through this asking, he also teaches us to make our prayers pure and fragrant. For such is righteousness; just as sin, therefore, is foul-smelling. Wherefore also this same one, indicating its foul smell, said: For my iniquities have gone over my head, like a heavy burden they have weighed me down. My wounds have become foul and festered. Just as, therefore, incense is both good and fragrant in itself, 55.431 but displays its fragrance most of all when it comes into contact with fire; so also prayer is good in itself; but it becomes better and more fragrant when it is offered up with a fervent and zealous soul, when the soul becomes a censer and kindles a strong fire. For the incense was not placed on the hearth unless it was first lit, nor if the coals were not burning through. Do this also in your mind; first light it with eagerness, and then offer up the prayer. He prays, therefore, that his prayer become like incense, and the lifting up of his hands like the evening sacrifice. For both are well-pleasing. And how might this happen? If both were pure, if both were blameless, both the tongue and the hands, the latter cleansed from greed and plunder, the former freed from wicked words. For just as a censer must have nothing unclean, but only fire and incense; so too the tongue must not utter a stained word, but only holiness and praise; so too the hands are to become a censer. Let your mouth, therefore, be a censer, and see that you do not fill it with dung. Such are those who utter shameful and unclean things

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περὶ θυσίας ἑσπερινῆς διαλέγεται; ∆ύο βωμοὶ τὸ παλαιὸν ἦσαν, εἷς μὲν ἀπὸ χαλκοῦ κατεσκευασμένος, ἕτερος δὲ χρυσοῦς. Καὶ ὁ μὲν πάνδημος ἦν σχεδὸν, προκείμενος τοῖς ἱερείοις τοῖς τοῦ πλήθους παντὸς, ὁ δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἀδύτοις ἀπέκειτο καὶ τοῦ καταπετάσματος ἔνδον. Μᾶλλον δὲ ὥστε σαφέστερα γενέσθαι τὰ λεγόμενα ἡμῖν, εἰς ἀρχὴν τὸν λόγον ἀναγαγεῖν πειρασόμεθα. Ναὸς ἦν παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις τὸ παλαιὸν τεσσαράκοντα μὲν πηχῶν τὸ μῆκος, τὸ δὲ πλάτος εἴκοσι. Τούτου τοῦ μήκους δέκα ἀφελὼν πήχεις ἀπέλαβεν ἔνδον διὰ τοῦ καταπετάσματος, καὶ τὸ ἀπειλημμένον ἐκαλεῖτο Ἅγια ἁγίων, τὸ δὲ ἔξω, Ἅγια μόνον. Καὶ χρυσῷ πάντα κατελάμπετο. γʹ. Τινὲς δὲ καὶ τὴν δοκὸν ἐκείνην τὴν ἄνω χρυσήλατον ἔλεγον εἶναι. Ἔνθα ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς μόνος εἰσῄει ἅπαξ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ, ἐκεῖ καὶ ἡ κιβωτὸς ἔκειτο, καὶ τὰ Χερουβίμ· ἐκεῖ καὶ ὁ βωμὸς εἰστήκει ὁ χρυσοῦς, ἔνθα τὸ θυμιατήριον προσεφέρετο, εἰς οὐδὲν ἕτερον παρεσκευασμένος, ἀλλ' ἢ πρὸς τὸ θυμίαμα μόνον. Τοῦτο δὲ ἐγίνετο ἅπαξ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ. Ἐν τῷ ναῷ οὖν τῷ ἔξω ὁ χαλκοῦς ἦν βωμὸς, καὶ καθ' ἑκάστην ἑσπέραν ἐφέρετο ἀμνὸς καὶ κατεκαίετο. Τοῦτο ἐκαλεῖτο θυσία ἑσπερινή· ἦν γὰρ καὶ ἑωθινὴ, καὶ δὶς τῆς ἡμέρας εἰς τὸν ναὸν τὸν βωμὸν καίεσθαι ἔδει, ἐκτὸς τῶν ἄλλων ἱερείων τῶν παρὰ τοῦ λαοῦ προσαγομένων. Τοῦτο γὰρ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἐπίταγμα καὶ νόμος ἦν, ὥστε οἴκοθεν καὶ παρ' ἑαυτῶν, ὅταν μηδεὶς προσέφερεν, ἕνα ἑωθινὸν καὶ ἕνα ἑσπερινὸν ἀμνὸν καταθύειν καὶ κατακαίειν· καὶ ἡ μὲν ἐκαλεῖτο θυσία ἑωθινὴ, ἡ δὲ ἑσπερινή. Τοῦτο δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ νενομοθέτητο γίνεσθαι, δηλοῦντος διὰ τοῦ γινομένου, ὅτι διηνεκῶς αὐτὸν θεραπεύεσθαι χρὴ, καὶ ἀρχομένης καὶ τελευτώσης ἡμέρας. Αὕτη τοίνυν ἡ θυσία εὐπρόσδεκτος ἦν ἀεὶ, καὶ τὸ θῦμα τοιοῦτον· τὸ δὲ ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτημάτων ποτὲ μὲν εὐπρόσδεκτον ἦν, ποτὲ δὲ οὐκ εὐπρόσδεκτον, ἀπὸ τῆς διαθέσεως τῶν προσφερόντων πρὸς ἀρετὴν ἢ κακίαν τοῦτο κἀκεῖνο γινόμενον· ὅπερ δὲ οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτημάτων ἑτέρων προσεφέρετο, ἀλλ' ἱερουργίας νόμος ἦν καὶ θεραπείας τρόπος, πάντως εὐπρόσδεκτον ἦν. Ἀξιοῖ τοίνυν οὗτος οὕτω γενέσθαι αὐτοῦ τὴν εὐχὴν ὡς ἐκεῖνο τὸ θῦμα τὸ οὐδεμιᾷ κηλῖδι τοῦ προσάγοντος μολυνόμενον, ὡς ἐκεῖνο τὸ θυμίαμα τὸ καθαρὸν καὶ ἅγιον. ∆ιὰ δὲ τὸ ἀξιοῦν καὶ παιδεύει καθαρὰς ἡμᾶς ποιεῖσθαι τὰς εὐχὰς καὶ εὐώδεις. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ ἡ δικαιοσύνη· ὥσπερ οὖν ἡ ἁμαρτία δυσώδης. ∆ιὸ καὶ τὴν δυσωδίαν αὐτῆς παραδηλῶν αὐτὸς οὗτος ἔλεγεν· Ὅτι αἱ ἀνομίαι μου ὑπερῆραν τὴν κεφαλήν μου, ὡσεὶ φορτίον βαρὺ ἐβαρύνθησαν ἐπ' ἐμέ. Προσώζεσαν καὶ ἐσάπησαν οἱ μώλωπές μου. Ὥσπερ οὖν τὸ θυμίαμα καὶ καθ' ἑαυτό ἐστι καλὸν 55.431 καὶ εὐῶδες, τότε δὲ μάλιστα ἐπιδείκνυται τὴν εὐωδίαν, ὅταν ὁμιλήσῃ τῷ πυρί· οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἡ εὐχὴ καλὴ μὲν καὶ καθ' ἑαυτήν· καλλίων δὲ καὶ εὐωδεστέρα γίνεται, ὅταν μετὰ θερμῆς καὶ ζεούσης ψυχῆς ἀναφέρηται, ὅταν θυμιατήριον ἡ ψυχὴ γένηται καὶ πῦρ ἀνάπτῃ σφοδρόν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ θυμίαμα τῆς ἐσχάρας μὴ προαναφθείσης ἐπετίθετο, ἢ τῶν ἀνθράκων μὴ διακαιομένων. Τοῦτο καὶ σὺ ἐπὶ τῆς διανοίας ποίησον· πρότερον ἄναψον αὐτὴν τῇ προθυμίᾳ, καὶ τότε ἐπιτίθει τὴν εὐχήν. Εὔχεται τοίνυν τὴν μὲν εὐχὴν αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι ὡς θυμίαμα, τὴν δὲ ἔπαρσιν τῶν χειρῶν ὡς θυσίαν ἑσπερινήν. Ἀμφότερα γὰρ εὐπρόσδεκτα. Πῶς δ' ἂν γένοιτο τοῦτο; Εἰ ἀμφότερα εἴη καθαρὰ, εἰ ἀμφότερα εἴη ἄμωμα, ἥ τε γλῶττα καὶ αἱ χεῖρες, αἱ μὲν πλεονεξίας καὶ ἁρπαγῆς ἐκκεκαθαρμέναι, ἡ δὲ πονηρῶν ῥημάτων ἠλευθερωμένη. Ὥσπερ γὰρ θυμιατήριον οὐδὲν ἔχειν ἀκάθαρτον χρὴ, ἀλλ' ἢ πῦρ καὶ θυμίαμα· οὕτω καὶ τὴν γλῶτταν μὴ προφέρειν κεκηλιδωμένον ῥῆμα, ἀλλ' ἢ ἁγιωσύνην, καὶ εὐφημίαν· οὕτω καὶ τὰς χεῖρας θυμιατήριον γίνεσθαι. Ἔστω τοίνυν θυμιατήριόν σου τὸ στόμα, καὶ σκόπει μὴ κόπρου αὐτὸ ἐμπλήσῃς. Τοιοῦτοι οἱ τὰ αἰσχρὰ φθεγγόμενοι καὶ ἀκάθαρτα