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Pilate: "Do you not know that I have authority to crucify you?" Do you see how he condemned himself beforehand? For if the whole matter rests with you, why, when you have found no cause, do you not release him? Since therefore he pronounced the decision against himself, then He says: "He who delivered me to you has the greater sin;" showing that he too is liable to sin. Then, pulling down his pride and arrogance, He says: "You would have no authority, unless it had been given to you;" indicating that this was not happening simply and according to the common course of things, but was being mystically accomplished. But lest, on hearing "Unless it had been given to you," he should think himself acquitted of all blame, for this reason He said: "He who delivered me to you has the greater sin." And yet if it had been given, neither this man nor they would be liable for any crimes. You say these things in vain; for "given" here means "permitted;" as if He had said: "He allowed these things to happen; but not for this reason are you outside of wickedness." He struck him with these words, and provided a clear defense; whence also that man sought to release Him. But they again cried out: "If you release this man, you are not a friend of Caesar." For since, having brought forward charges from the law, they gained nothing, they maliciously turn to the external laws, saying: "Everyone who makes himself a king speaks against Caesar." And where did this man appear a tyrant? and from where can you show this? from the purple robe? from the diadem? from his appearance? from his soldiers? did he not always walk alone with his twelve disciples, pursuing everything humbly, both food, and clothing, and lodging? But oh, the shamelessness and the untimely cowardice! For Pilate, thinking he would be in danger from then on if he overlooked these things, comes out as if to examine the matter (for his sitting down indicated this); but having made no examination, he hands him over, thinking to shame them. For that he did it this way, hear what he says: "Behold your king." But when they said, "Crucify him," he again added, saying: "Shall I crucify your king?" But they cried out, "We have no king but Caesar." Willingly they submitted themselves to punishment. For this reason also God gave them over, since they themselves first cast themselves out of His providence and care. And since they with one voice denied the kingdom, He allowed them to fall by their own votes. And yet the things said were sufficient to stop their anger from then on. But they were afraid, lest being released again he might lead the crowd, and they did everything for this reason. For the love of power is a terrible thing, terrible and able to destroy the soul. For this reason they never listened to him. But Pilate wished to release him on the basis of mere words; but these men insist, saying, "Crucify him." And why then did they attempt to kill him in this way? This death was shameful. Fearing, therefore, lest any 59.458 memory of him should arise after this, they hasten to bring him even to the accursed punishment, not knowing that through hindrances the truth is exalted. For that they suspected this, hear what they say: "We have heard that that deceiver said, 'After three days I will rise again.'" For this reason they were stirring up everything, turning things upside down, so as to mar the things that were to come after; and they continuously cried out, "Crucify him," a disorderly populace corrupted by their rulers. 3. But let us not only read these things, but let us also bear them in mind: the crown of thorns, the robe, the reed, the slaps, the blows on the cheek, the spitting, the irony. For these things, when continually turned over in the mind, are sufficient to cast down all anger. Whether we are mocked, or whether we suffer anything unjustly, let us continually say: "A servant is not greater than his lord;" and let us bring forward the things said by the Jews, which they uttered while raging and saying, "You have a demon;" and, "You are a Samaritan;" and, "He casts out demons by Beelzebul." For this reason He endured all these things, that we might walk in his footsteps, and bear taunts, which especially drive one out of his mind more than insults. But nevertheless He not only bore these things, but also did everything, so as to save and

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ὁ Πιλᾶτος· Οὐκ οἶδας ὅτι ἐξουσίαν ἔχω σταυρῶσαί σε; Ὁρᾷς πῶς ἑαυτὸν προκατέκρινεν; Εἰ γὰρ ἐν σοὶ τὸ πᾶν κεῖται, τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐδεμίαν αἰτίαν εὑρὼν οὐκ ἀπολύεις; Ἐπεὶ οὖν καθ' ἑαυτοῦ τὴν ἀπόφασιν ἐξήνεγκε, τότε λέγει· Μείζονα ἁμαρτίαν ἔχει ὁ παραδιδούς μέ σοι· δεικνὺς, ὅτι καὶ αὐτὸς ὑπεύθυνος ἁμαρτίᾳ ἐστίν. Εἶτα κατασπῶν αὐτοῦ τὸ φρόνημα καὶ τὸν τῦφον, φησίν· Οὐκ εἶχες ἐξουσίαν, εἰ μὴ ἦν σοι δεδομένον· δηλῶν οὐχ ἁπλῶς καὶ κατὰ τὴν τῶν πολλῶν ἀκολουθίαν τοῦτο γινόμενον, ἀλλὰ μυστικῶς ἐπιτελούμενον. Ἵνα δὲ μὴ ἀκούσας, Εἰ μὴ ἦν σοι δεδομένον, νομίσῃ τοῦ παντὸς ἀπηλλάχθαι ἐγκλήματος, διὰ τοῦτο εἶπε· Μείζονα ἁμαρτίαν ἔχει ὁ παραδιδούς μέ σοι. Καὶ μὴν εἰ δεδομένον ἦν, οὔτε οὗτος, οὔτε ἐκεῖνοι ὑπεύθυνοι ἐγκλημάτων. Εἰκῆ ταῦτα λέγεις· τὸ γὰρ ∆εδομένον ἐνταῦθα τὸ Συγκεχωρημένον ἐστίν· ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγεν· Εἴασε ταῦτα γενέσθαι· οὐ μὴν διὰ τοῦτο τῆς πονηρίας ἐκτὸς ὑμεῖς. Κατέπληξεν αὐτὸν διὰ τῶν ῥημάτων, καὶ σαφῆ παρέσχετο τὴν ἀπολογίαν· ὅθεν καὶ ἐζήτει αὐτὸν ἀπολῦσαι ἐκεῖνος. Ἀλλ' αὐτοὶ πάλιν ἔκραζον· Ἐὰν τοῦτον ἀπολύσῃς, οὐκ εἶ φίλος τοῦ Καίσαρος. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου παραγαγόντες ἐγκλήματα, οὐδὲν ὤνησαν, κακούργως ἐπὶ τοὺς ἔξω τρέπονται νόμους, λέγοντες· Πᾶς ὁ βασιλέα ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν, ἀντιλέγει τῷ Καίσαρι. Καὶ ποῦ οὗτος τύραννος ἐφάνη; πόθεν δὲ ἔχετε δεῖξαι τοῦτο; ἀπὸ τῆς ἁλουργίδος; ἀπὸ τοῦ διαδήματος· ἀπὸ τοῦ σχήματος; ἀπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν; οὐχὶ μόνος ἀεὶ μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα μαθητῶν ἐβάδισε, πάντα εὐτελῶς μετιὼν, καὶ τροφὴν, καὶ στολὴν, καὶ οἴκησιν; Ἀλλ' ὢ τῆς ἀναιδείας καὶ τῆς ἀκαίρου δειλίας! ὁ γὰρ Πιλᾶτος, νομίσας κινδυνεύειν λοιπὸν, εἰ παρίδοι ταῦτα, ἐξέρχεται μὲν ὡς ἐξετάζων τὸ πρᾶγμα (τὸ γὰρ καθίσαι τοῦτο ἐδήλου)· οὐδεμίαν δὲ ποιησάμενος ἐξέτασιν, παραδίδωσιν αὐτὸν, νομίζων δυσωπήσειν αὐτούς. Ὅτι γὰρ οὕτως αὐτὸ ἐποίει, ἄκουσον τί φησιν· Ἴδε ὁ βασιλεὺς ὑμῶν. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἶπον ἐκεῖνοι, Σταύρωσον, πάλιν ἐπήγαγε λέγων· Τὸν βασιλέα ὑμῶν σταυρώσω, Οἱ δὲ ἔκραζον, Οὐκ ἔχομεν βασιλέα, εἰ μὴ Καίσαρα. Ἑκόντες ἑαυτοὺς ὑπέβαλον τῇ κολάσει. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Θεὸς αὐτοὺς παρέδωκεν, ὅτε καὶ αὐτοὶ πρῶτοι τῆς προνοίας αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς ἐπιστασίας ἑαυτοὺς ἐξέβαλον. Καὶ ἐπειδὴ ὁμοφώνως ἠρνήσαντο τὴν βασιλείαν, εἴασεν αὐτοὺς ταῖς ἑαυτῶν ψήφοις περιπεσεῖν. Καίτοι τὰ λεγόμενα ἱκανὰ παῦσαι τῆς ὀργῆς αὐτοὺς λοιπόν. Ἀλλ' ἐδεδοίκεσαν, μὴ πάλιν ἀφεθεὶς ὀχλαγωγήσῃ, καὶ πάντα ὑπὲρ τούτου ἔπραττον. ∆εινὸν γὰρ ἡ φιλαρχία, δεινὸν καὶ ψυχὴν ἱκανὸν ἀπολέσαι. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οὐδέποτε αὐτοῦ ἤκουσαν. Ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν Πιλᾶτος ἀπὸ ψιλῶν ῥημάτων ἐβούλετο ἀφεῖναι· οὗτοι δὲ ἔγκεινται λέγοντες, Σταύρωσον. Καὶ τί δήποτε οὕτως ἀνελεῖν αὐτὸν ἐπεχείρουν; Ἐπονείδιστος οὗτος ὁ θάνατος ἦν. ∆εδοικότες οὖν μή τις 59.458 αὐτοῦ μετὰ ταῦτα γένηται μνήμη, σπουδάζουσι καὶ ἐπὶ τιμωρίαν ἀγαγεῖν τὴν ἐπάρατον, οὐκ εἰδότες, ὅτι διὰ τῶν κωλυμάτων αἴρεται ἡ ἀλήθεια. Ὅτι γὰρ τοῦτο ὑπώπτευον, ἄκουσον τί φασιν· Ἡμεῖς ἠκούσαμεν, ὅτι [ὁ] πλάνος ἐκεῖνος εἶπεν, ὅτι μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἐγείρομαι. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο πάντα ἐκύκων, ἄνω καὶ κάτω στρέφοντες, ὥστε τὰ μετὰ ταῦτα λυμήνασθαι· καὶ συνεχῶς ἐπεβόων, Σταύρωσον, δῆμος ἄτακτος ὑπὸ τῶν ἀρχόντων διεφθαρμένος. γʹ. Ἡμεῖς δὲ μὴ μόνον ἀναγινώσκωμεν ταῦτα, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς διανοίας φέρωμεν αὐτὰ, τὸν στέφανον τὸν ἀκάνθινον, τὸ ἱμάτιον, τὸν κάλαμον, τὰ ῥαπίσματα, τὰς ἐπὶ κόῤῥης πληγὰς, τὰ ἐμπτύσματα, τὴν εἰρωνείαν. Ἱκανὰ γὰρ ταῦτα συνεχῶς στρεφόμενα ἅπασαν ὀργὴν καθελεῖν. Κἂν χλευαζώμεθα, κἂν ἀδίκως τι πάσχωμεν, συνεχῶς λέγωμεν· Οὐκ ἔστι δοῦλος μείζων τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ· καὶ τὰ παρὰ τῶν Ἰουδαίων λεγόμενα προφέρωμεν εἰς μέσον, ἅπερ ἐφθέγξαντο λυττῶντες καὶ λέγοντες, ὅτι ∆αιμόνιον ἔχεις· καὶ, Σαμαρείτης εἶ σύ· καὶ, ὅτι Ἐν Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦτο ταῦτα πάντα ὑπέμεινεν, ἵνα αὐτοῦ κατ' ἴχνος βαίνωμεν ἡμεῖς, καὶ σκώμματα φέρωμεν, ἃ μάλιστα τῶν λοιδοριῶν ἐξίστησιν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως αὐτὸς οὐ μόνον ἔφερε ταῦτα, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντα ἔπραττεν, ὥστε σῶσαι καὶ