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For Moses also gave the law, and the Jews were able to reason that he would not have overlooked it being trampled upon, as they supposed, nor would he have healed one who transgressed it and was an enemy to the one who established it. And Elijah too was zealous for the glory of God, and would not have stood by and obeyed, if he were opposed to God, and called himself God, making himself equal to the Father, not being what he said, nor doing this fittingly. 2. But it is also possible to state another reason besides those mentioned. What reason is this? That they might learn that he has authority over both death and life, and rules over things above and things below. For this reason he brings into their midst both the one who had died, and the one 58.551 who had not yet suffered this. But the fifth reason (for this is the fifth in addition to those mentioned), the evangelist himself also revealed. And what was this? To show the glory of the cross, and to comfort Peter and those others who feared the passion, and to raise up their spirits. For having appeared, they were not silent, but spoke, he says, of the glory which he was about to fulfill in Jerusalem; that is, the passion and the cross; for so they always call it. And not only in this way did he anoint them, but also by the very virtue of the men, which he especially sought from them. For since he had said, If any one wishes to come after me, let him take up his cross, and follow me, he brings into their midst those who had died countless times for the things that seemed good to God and for the people entrusted to them. For each of these, having lost his life, found it. For each spoke boldly to tyrants; the one to the Egyptian, the other to Ahab; and on behalf of ungrateful and disobedient men; and by the very ones being saved by them they were brought into the ultimate danger; and each of them wishing to deliver them from idolatry, and each of them being a common man; for one was slow of speech and of a weak voice, and the other was himself of a rather rustic disposition; and the strictness of poverty was great on the part of both; for neither did Moses possess anything, nor did Elijah have anything more than his sheepskin; and this in the Old Testament, and not having received so great a grace of signs. For though Moses parted the sea, yet Peter walked upon the water, and was able to move mountains, and he corrected all kinds of bodily diseases, and drove out savage demons, and by the shadow of his body performed those great and wondrous miracles, and transformed the entire world. And if Elijah also raised a dead person, yet these raised countless ones, and that when they had not yet been deemed worthy of the Spirit. For this reason, therefore, he brings them into their midst. For he wished them to emulate their leadership of the people, and their vigor, and their inflexibility; and to become meek like Moses, and zealous like Elijah, and likewise solicitous. For the one brought a famine of three years on account of the Jewish people; but the other said: If you will forgive their sin, forgive it; but if not, blot me also out of the book which you have written. And he reminded them of all these things by means of the vision. For he brought them in glory, not that they should stop at these things, but that they should also surpass their achievements. When therefore they said, Shall we command fire to come down from heaven, and mentioned Elijah as having done this, he says: You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; anointing them for forbearance through the difference in the gift of grace. And let no one think we are condemning Elijah, as being imperfect; we do not say this; for he was exceedingly perfect; but in his own times, when the mind of men was more childish, and they needed this kind of training. Since Moses was also perfect in this respect; but nevertheless, more is required of these than of him. For unless your righteousness exceeds that of the Scribes and Pharisees, you will by no means enter the kingdom of heaven. For they were not going into Egypt, but into the whole world, which was in a worse state than the Egyptians; nor were they to converse with Pharaoh, but to contend with the devil, 58.552 the very tyrant of wickedness. For their contest was to bind him, and to plunder all his goods; and this they were doing not

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Καὶ γὰρ Μωϋσῆς τὸν νόμον ἔδωκε, καὶ ἠδύναντο λογίσασθαι Ἰουδαῖοι, ὅτι οὐκ ἂν περιεῖδε πατούμενον αὐτὸν, ὡς ἐνόμιζον, οὐδ' ἂν τὸν παραβαίνοντα αὐτὸν καὶ τῷ τεθεικότι πολέμιον ὄντα ἐθεράπευσεν ἄν. Καὶ Ἠλίας δὲ ὑπὲρ τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐζήλωσε, καὶ οὐκ ἂν, εἰ ἀντίθεος ἦν, καὶ Θεὸν ἑαυτὸν ἔλεγεν, ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν τῷ Πατρὶ, μὴ ὢν ὅπερ ἔλεγε, μηδὲ προσηκόντως τοῦτο ποιῶν, παρέστη καὶ αὐτὸς καὶ ὑπήκουσεν. βʹ. Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἑτέραν αἰτίαν εἰπεῖν μετὰ τῶν εἰρημένων. Ποίαν δὴ ταύτην; Ἵνα μάθωσιν, ὅτι καὶ θανάτου καὶ ζωῆς ἐξουσίαν ἔχει, καὶ τῶν ἄνω καὶ τῶν κάτω κρατεῖ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὸν τετελευτηκότα, καὶ τὸν 58.551 οὐδέπω τοῦτο παθόντα εἰς μέσον ἄγει. Τὴν δὲ πέμπτην αἰτίαν (πέμπτη γὰρ αὕτη ἐστὶ πρὸς ταῖς εἰρημέναις) καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς ἀπεκάλυψε. Τίς δὲ ἦν αὕτη; ∆εῖξαι τοῦ σταυροῦ τὴν δόξαν, καὶ παραμυθήσασθαι τὸν Πέτρον καὶ ἐκείνους δεδοικότας τὸ πάθος, καὶ ἀναστῆσαι αὐτῶν τὰ φρονήματα. Καὶ γὰρ παραγενόμενοι οὐκ ἐσίγων, ἀλλ' Ἐλάλουν, φησὶ, τὴν δόξαν, ἣν ἔμελλε πληροῦν ἐν Ἱερουσαλήμ· τουτέστι, τὸ πάθος καὶ τὸν σταυρόν· οὕτω γὰρ αὐτὸ καλοῦσιν ἀεί. Οὐ ταύτῃ δὲ μόνον αὐτοὺς ἤλειφεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτῇ τῇ ἀρετῇ τῶν ἀνδρῶν, ἣν μάλιστα παρ' αὐτῶν ἐζήτει. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶπεν, Εἴ τις θέλει ὀπίσω μου ἐλθεῖν, ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι, τοὺς μυριάκις ἀποθανόντας ὑπὲρ τῶν τῷ Θεῷ δοκούντων καὶ δήμου τοῦ πιστευθέντος αὐτοῖς, τούτους εἰς μέσον ἄγει. Καὶ γὰρ τούτων ἕκαστος τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπολέσας, εὗρεν αὐτήν. Καὶ γὰρ πρὸς τυράννους ἕκαστος ἐπαῤῥησιάσατο· ὁ μὲν πρὸς τὸν Αἰγύπτιον, ὁ δὲ πρὸς τὸν Ἀχαάβ· καὶ ὑπὲρ ἀγνωμόνων ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἀπειθῶν· καὶ ὑπ' αὐτῶν τῶν παρ' αὐτῶν σωζομένων εἰς τὸν περὶ τῶν ἐσχάτων ἤχθησαν κίνδυνον· καὶ ἕκαστος αὐτῶν εἰδωλολατρείας ἀπαλλάξαι βουλόμενος, καὶ ἕκαστος αὐτῶν ἰδιώτης ὤν· ὁ μὲν γὰρ βραδύγλωσσος καὶ ἰσχνόφωνος, ὁ δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἀγροικότερον διακείμενος· καὶ ἀκτημοσύνης δὲ πολλὴ παρ' ἑκατέρων ἡ ἀκρίβεια· οὔτε γὰρ Μωϋσῆς τι ἐκέκτητο, οὔτε Ἠλίας τι εἶχε πλέον τῆς μηλωτῆς· καὶ ταῦτα ἐν τῇ Παλαιᾷ, καὶ οὐδὲ χάριν τοσαύτην λαβόντες σημείων. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ θάλατταν ἔσχισε Μωϋσῆς, ἀλλὰ Πέτρος ἐπὶ τῆς ὑγρᾶς ἐβάδισε, καὶ ὄρη μεταθεῖναι ἱκανὸς ἦν, καὶ νοσήματα σωμάτων διώρθου παντοδαπὰ, καὶ δαίμονας ἤλαυνεν ἀγρίους, καὶ σκιᾷ σώματος τὰ μεγάλα ἐκεῖνα ἐθαυματούργει τεράστια, καὶ τὴν οἰκουμένην μετέστησεν ἅπασαν. Εἰ δὲ καὶ Ἠλίας νεκρὸν ἀνέστησεν, ἀλλ' οὗτοι μυρίους, καὶ ταῦτα μηδέπω Πνεύματος καταξιωθέντες. Ἄγει τοίνυν καὶ διὰ τοῦτο εἰς μέσον. Ἠβούλετο γὰρ αὐτοὺς τὸ δημαγωγικὸν τὸ ἐκείνων ζηλῶσαι, καὶ τὸ εὔτονον, καὶ τὸ ἀκαμπές· καὶ γενέσθαι ἐπιεικεῖς κατὰ Μωϋσέα, καὶ ζηλωτὰς κατὰ τὸν Ἠλίαν, καὶ κηδεμονικοὺς ὁμοίως. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ λιμὸν τριῶν ἐτῶν ἤνεγκε διὰ τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἰουδαϊκόν· ὁ δὲ ἔλεγεν· Εἰ μὲν ἀφῇς αὐτοῖς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, ἄφες· ἐπεὶ κἀμὲ ἐξάλειψον ἐκ τῆς βίβλου ἧς ἔγραψας. Τούτων δὲ ἁπάντων ἀνεμίμνησκε διὰ τῆς ὄψεως. Καὶ γὰρ ἐν δόξῃ αὐτοὺς ἤγαγεν, οὐχ ἵνα μέχρι τούτων στῶσιν, ἀλλ' ἵνα καὶ ὑπερβῶσι τὰ σκάμματα. Ὅτε γοῦν εἶπον, Εἴπωμεν πῦρ καταβῆναι ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ ἐμνημόνευσαν Ἠλία ὡς τοῦτο πεποιηκότος, φησίν· Οὐκ οἴδατε ποίου πνεύματός ἐστε· εἰς ἀνεξικακίαν αὐτοὺς ἀλείφων διὰ τῆς κατὰ τὸ χάρισμα διαφορᾶς. Καὶ μή τις ἡμᾶς νομιζέτω καταγινώσκειν Ἠλίου, ὡς ἀτελοῦς· οὐ τοῦτό φαμεν· καὶ γὰρ σφόδρα τέλειος ἦν· ἀλλ' ἐν τοῖς καιροῖς τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ, ὅτε παιδικωτέρα ἡ τῶν ἀνθρώπων διάνοια ἦν, καὶ ταύτης ἐδέοντο τῆς παιδαγωγίας. Ἐπεὶ καὶ Μωϋσῆς κατὰ τοῦτο τέλειος ἦν· ἀλλ' ὅμως κἀκείνου πλέον ἀπαιτοῦνται οὗτοι. Ἐὰν γὰρ μὴ περισσεύσῃ ἡ δικαιοσύνη ὑμῶν πλέον τῶν Γραμματέων καὶ Φαρισαίων, οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν. Οὐ γὰρ εἰς Αἴγυπτον εἰσῄεσαν, ἀλλ' εἰς τὴν οἰκουμένην ἅπασαν, χαλεπώτερον Αἰγυπτίων διακειμένην· οὐδὲ τῷ Φαραὼ διαλεξόμενοι, ἀλλὰ τῷ διαβόλῳ πυκτεύσοντες, 58.552 αὐτῷ τῷ τῆς κακίας τυράννῳ. Καὶ γὰρ ἀγὼν ἦν αὐτοῖς, κἀκεῖνον δῆσαι, καὶ τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ διαρπάσαι πάντα· καὶ ταῦτα ἐποίουν οὐ