John Chrysostom, On Matthew

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cleaving the sea, but a depth of impiety through the rod of Jesse, which had far more grievous waves. See, then, what things frightened men: death, poverty, dishonor, the countless sufferings; and they trembled at these more than the Jews then did at that sea. But nevertheless He persuaded them to make bold against all these things, and to pass through as if on dry land with all safety. Therefore, anointing them for all these things, He brought forward those who had shone in the Old Covenant. What then says the fervent Peter? It is good for us to be here. For since he had heard that He must go to Jerusalem and suffer, being still afraid and trembling for Him even after the rebuke, he does not dare to approach and say the same thing again, that is, Far be it from you, but from that fear he hints at the same things again through other words. For when he saw a mountain and the great retirement and the solitude, he considered that it offered great security from the location; and not only from the location, but also from His no longer going away to Jerusalem; for he wants Him to be there forever; this is why he also mentions tabernacles. For if this should happen, he says, we will not go up to Jerusalem; and if we do not go up, He will not die; for He said the scribes would set upon Him there. But he did not dare to say it this way; but wishing to bring these things about, he said in safety: It is good to be here, where both Moses is present and Elijah. Elijah who brought down fire on the mountain, and Moses who entered into the darkness and spoke with God; and no one will even know where we are. 3. Do you see the fervent lover of Christ? For do not seek this, that the manner of his exhortation was not well-considered, but how fervent he was, how he burned for Christ. For that he did not say these things trembling so much for himself, when He foretold his own coming death and the assault, hear what he says: I will lay down my life for you; Even if I must die with you, I will not deny you. But see how even in the very midst of the dangers he acted rashly. For instance, with so great a crowd standing around, not only did he not flee, but he also drew his sword and cut off the ear of the high priest's servant. Thus he was not looking out for himself, but was trembling for his Master. Then, since he had spoken declaratively, he catches himself, and considering that he might be rebuked again, he says: If you wish, let us make here three tabernacles, one for you, and one for Moses, and one for Elijah. What are you saying, O Peter? Did you not a little while ago set Him apart from the servants? Do you again number Him with the servants? Do you see how very imperfect they were before the cross? For even if the Father had revealed it to him, yet he did not continually hold on to the revelation, but was troubled by his distress, not only this which I have mentioned, but also another, that from that vision. Therefore the other evangelists, indicating this, and showing that the confusion of his mind with which he uttered these things arose from that distress, said: Mark 58.553, for his part, that He did not know what to say, for they became terrified; and Luke, after saying, Let us make three tabernacles, added, that not knowing what he said. Then, showing that he was seized by great fear, both he and the others, he says: They were heavy with sleep; and when they were fully awake, they saw his glory; here calling sleep the deep stupor that came upon them from that vision. For just as eyes are darkened by an exceeding brightness, so also they suffered then. For it was not night, but day; and the immensity of the radiance weighed down the weakness of their eyes. What then? He Himself utters nothing, nor Moses, nor Elijah; but the One greater and more trustworthy than all, the Father, sends forth a voice from the cloud. Why from the cloud? Thus God always appears. For Cloud and darkness are round about Him; and, He sits on a swift cloud; and again, Who makes the clouds His chariot; and, A cloud received Him out of their sight; and, as the Son of Man coming on the clouds. Therefore, that they might believe that the voice comes from God, it comes from there. And the cloud was bright. For while he yet

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θάλατταν ῥηγνύντες, ἀλλὰ βυθὸν ἀσεβείας διὰ τῆς ῥάβδου τῆς Ἰεσσαὶ, πολλῷ χαλεπώτερα κύματα ἔχοντα. Ὅρα γοῦν πόσα ἐφόβει τοὺς ἀνθρώπους· θάνατος, πενία, ἀδοξία, τὰ μυρία πάθη· καὶ μᾶλλον ταῦτα ἔτρεμον, ἢ τὸ πέλαγος τότε ἐκεῖνο οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι. Ἀλλ' ὅμως ἁπάντων τούτων ἔπεισεν αὐτοὺς κατατολμῆσαι, καὶ ὥσπερ διὰ ξηρᾶς διαβῆναι μετὰ ἀσφαλείας ἁπάσης. Πρὸς ταῦτα τοίνυν ἅπαντα αὐτοὺς ἀλείφων, παρῆγε τοὺς ἐν τῇ Παλαιᾷ λάμψαντας. Τί οὖν ὁ Πέτρος ὁ θερμός; Καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἤκουσεν, ὅτι δεῖ αὐτὸν εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα ἀπελθεῖν καὶ παθεῖν, δεδοικὼς ἔτι καὶ τρέμων ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἐπιτίμησιν, προσελθεῖν μὲν καὶ εἰπεῖν τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο πάλιν οὐ τολμᾷ, ὅτι Ἵλεώς σοι, ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ φόβου ἐκείνου τὰ αὐτὰ πάλιν αἰνίττεται δι' ἑτέρων ῥημάτων. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶδεν ὄρος καὶ πολλὴν τὴν ἀναχώρησιν καὶ τὴν ἐρημίαν, ἐνενόησεν ὅτι ἔχει πολλὴν ἀσφάλειαν τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου· οὐ μόνον δὲ τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ μηκέτι ἀπελθεῖν αὐτὸν εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα· βούλεται γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐκεῖ εἶναι διηνεκῶς· διὸ καὶ σκηνῶν μέμνηται. Εἰ γὰρ τοῦτο γένοιτο, φησὶν, οὐκ ἀναβησόμεθα εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα· εἰ δὲ μὴ ἀναβαίημεν, οὐκ ἀποθανεῖται· ἐκεῖ γὰρ ἔφη τοὺς γραμματεῖς ἐπιθήσεσθαι αὐτῷ. Ἀλλ' οὕτω μὲν οὐκ ἐτόλμησεν εἰπεῖν· ταῦτα δὲ βουλόμενος κατασκευάσαι, ἔλεγεν ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ· Καλόν ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα εἶναι, ἔνθα καὶ Μωϋσῆς πάρεστι καὶ Ἠλίας. Ἠλίας ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὄρους πῦρ κατενεγκὼν, καὶ Μωϋσῆς ὁ εἰς τὸν γνόφον, εἰσελθὼν, καὶ τῷ Θεῷ διαλεχθείς· καὶ οὐδεὶς οὐδὲ εἴσεται ἔνθα ἐσμέν. γʹ. Εἶδες τὸν θερμὸν ἐραστὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ; Μὴ γὰρ δὴ τοῦτο ζήτει, ὅτι οὐκ ἦν ἐξητασμένος ὁ τρόπος τῆς παρακλήσεως, ἀλλὰ πῶς θερμὸς ἦν, πῶς περιεκαίετο τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ὅτι γὰρ οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἑαυτοῦ τοσοῦτον τρέμων ταῦτα ἔλεγεν, ἡνίκα αὐτοῦ τὸν ἐσόμενον προεμήνυε θάνατον καὶ τὴν ἔφοδον, ἄκουσον τί φησι· Τὴν ψυχήν μου ὑπὲρ σοῦ θήσω· Κἂν δέῃ με σὺν σοὶ ἀποθανεῖν, οὐ μή σε ἀπαρνήσομαι. Ὅρα δὲ πῶς καὶ ἐν μέσοις αὐτοῖς τοῖς κινδύνοις παρεβουλεύετο. Τοσούτου γοῦν περιεστῶτος δήμου, οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἔφυγεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν μάχαιραν σπασάμενος, τὸ ὠτίον ἀπέκοψε τοῦ δούλου τοῦ ἀρχιερέως. Οὕτως οὐ τὸ καθ' ἑαυτὸν ἐσκόπει, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ τοῦ ∆ιδασκάλου ἔτρεμεν. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ ἀποφαντικῶς ἐφθέγξατο, ἐπιλαμβάνεται ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ ἐννοήσας μὴ πάλιν ἐπιτιμηθῇ, φησίν· Εἰ θέλεις, ποιήσωμεν ὧδε τρεῖς σκηνὰς, σοὶ μίαν, καὶ Μωϋσῇ μίαν, καὶ Ἡλίᾳ μίαν. Τί λέγεις, ὦ Πέτρε; Οὐ πρὸ μικροῦ τῶν δούλων αὐτὸν ἀπήλλαξας; Πάλιν μετὰ τῶν δούλων αὐτὸν ἀριθμεῖς; Εἶδες πῶς σφόδρα ἀτελεῖς ἦσαν πρὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ; Εἰ γὰρ καὶ ἀπεκάλυψεν αὐτῷ ὁ Πατὴρ, ἀλλ' οὐ διηνεκῶς κατεῖχε τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν, ἀλλ' ὑπὸ τῆς ἀγωνίας ἐταράχθη, οὐχὶ ταύτης ἧς εἶπον μόνης, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέρας, τῆς ἀπὸ τῆς ὄψεως ἐκείνης. Οἱ γοῦν ἕτεροι εὐαγγελισταὶ τοῦτο δηλοῦντες, καὶ τὸ συγκεχυμένον αὐτοῦ τῆς γνώμης, μεθ' ἧς ταῦτα ἐφθέγγετο, ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγωνίας ἐκείνης δεικνύντες γεγενῆσθαι, ἔλεγον· ὁ μὲν Μάρ 58.553 κος, ὅτι Οὐ γὰρ ᾔδει τί λαλήσει· ἔκφοβοι γὰρ ἐγένοντο· ὁ δὲ Λουκᾶς μετὰ τὸ εἰπεῖν, Τρεῖς σκηνὰς ποιήσωμεν, ἐπήγαγεν, ὅτι Μὴ εἰδὼς ὃ λέγει. Εἶτα δηλῶν ὅτι πολλῷ κατείχετο φόβῳ, καὶ αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ, φησί· Βεβαρημένοι ἦσαν ὕπνῳ· καὶ διαγρηγορήσαντες εἶδον τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ· ὕπνον ἐνταῦθα καλῶν τὸν πολὺν κάρον τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς ὄψεως ἐκείνης αὐτοῖς ἐγγινόμενον. Καθάπερ γὰρ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἐξ ὑπερβαλλούσης λαμπηδόνος σκοτοῦνται, οὕτω καὶ τότε ἔπαθον. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ νὺξ ἦν, ἀλλ' ἡμέρα· καὶ τὸ τῆς αὐγῆς ὑπέρογκον ἐβάρει τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν τὴν ἀσθένειαν. Τί οὖν; Αὐτὸς μὲν οὐδὲν φθέγγεται, οὐδὲ Μωϋσῆς, οὐδὲ Ἠλίας· ὁ δὲ πάντων μείζων καὶ ἀξιοπιστότερος, ὁ Πατὴρ, φωνὴν ἀφίησιν ἐκ τῆς νεφέλης. ∆ιὰ τί ἐκ τῆς νεφέλης; Οὕτως ἀεὶ φαίνεται ὁ Θεός. Νεφέλη γὰρ καὶ γνόφος κύκλῳ αὐτοῦ· καὶ, Κάθηται ἐπὶ νεφέλης κούφης· καὶ πάλιν, Ὁ τιθεὶς νέφη τὴν ἐπίβασιν αὐτοῦ· καὶ, Νεφέλη ὑπέλαβεν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν· καὶ, Ὡς Υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἐρχόμενος ἐπὶ τῶν νεφελῶν. Ἵν' οὖν πιστεύσωσιν, ὅτι παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡ φωνὴ φέρεται, ἐκεῖθεν ἔρχεται. Καὶ ἡ νεφέλη φωτεινή. Ἔτι γὰρ αὐτοῦ