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and to consider them easy. 59.462 Let us not, therefore, tremble at death; for the soul by nature has a love of life; but it rests with us henceforth either to loose its bonds, and make the desire weak, or to bind them, and make it more tyrannical. For just as we have the desire for the union of bodies, but when we philosophize, we make its tyranny weak; so also it happens with respect to life. For just as God implanted the desire for bodies for the procreation of children, establishing our successions, not preventing us from traveling the higher road of continence; so also He sowed the desire for life, preventing us from killing ourselves, but not hindering us from despising the present life. And it is necessary, knowing these things, to maintain the proper measures, and neither to go to our death spontaneously, ever, even if one might have countless terrors; nor, when dragged for the things that seem good to God, to shrink back and hesitate, but to strip for the contest with courage, preferring the future life to the present. But the women stood by the cross; and the weaker sex then appeared more courageous; so all things were henceforth transformed. And He, entrusting His mother, says, “Behold your son.” O what an honor! With what great honor He honored the disciple! For since He was now departing, He handed her over to the disciple to care for. For since it was likely that, being a mother, she would grieve and seek protection, He reasonably entrusts her to the beloved one. To him He says, “Behold your mother.” And He said these things, joining them together in love; which the disciple, understanding, took her to his own home. For why did He make mention of no other woman, although another stood there? To teach us to give something more to our mothers. For just as when parents oppose us in spiritual matters, we must not even know them; so when they place no obstacle, we must render them all that is fitting, and place them before all others, for their having given birth, for their having raised us, for their having endured countless terrible things. In this way also He silences the shamelessness of Marcion. For if He was not born according to the flesh, nor had a mother, for what reason does He make so great provision for her alone? After this, Jesus, knowing that all things were now finished; that is, that nothing was lacking for the economy. For He was eager everywhere to show that this death was a new thing, since everything lay in the power of the one dying, and death did not come upon the body before He Himself willed it; and He willed it after He had fulfilled all things. For this reason He also said, “I have power to lay down my life, and I have power to take it up again.” Knowing, therefore, that all things were fulfilled, He says, “I thirst,” here again fulfilling a prophecy. But consider for me the foulness of those standing by. For even if we have countless enemies, and have suffered incurable things, when we see them being put to death, we are moved to pity; but these men were not even so reconciled to Him, nor did they become gentle at the sight, but were rather turned into wild beasts, and they intensified their mockery; and bringing vinegar on a sponge, they gave it to Him to drink, just as they offer it to the condemned, since for this reason the hyssop is also added. Having received it, therefore, He says, “It is finished.” Do you see Him doing all things without confusion and with authority? And what follows shows this. For since all things were completed, having bowed His head (for this was not nailed), He gave up the spirit, that is, He expired. And yet one does not expire after bowing the head; but here it is the con 59.463 trary. For He did not bow His head because He had expired, which happens with us; but because He bowed His head, then He expired. By all of which the evangelist showed that He Himself was Lord of all. 3. But the Jews again, who swallow the camel and strain out the gnat, having committed so great an outrage, are scrupulous about the day. For since it was now the day of Preparation, so that the bodies might not remain on the cross, they asked Pilate that their legs might be broken. Do you see how strong the truth is? Through the very things they are zealous for, through these the prophecy is fulfilled. For from these things, another prophecy to them receives its end. For when the soldiers came,

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καὶ εὔκολα ἡγεῖσθαι. 59.462 Μὴ τοίνυν τρέμωμεν θάνατον· ἔχει μὲν γὰρ ἡ ψυχὴ κατὰ φύσιν τὸ φιλόζωον· ἀλλ' ἐν ἡμῖν κεῖται λοιπὸν ἢ λῦσαι ταύτης τὰ δεσμὰ, καὶ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἀσθενῆ ποιῆσαι, ἢ δῆσαι, καὶ τυραννικωτέραν ἐργάσασθαι. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἔχομεν τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν τῆς τῶν σωμάτων μίξεως, ὅταν δὲ φιλοσοφῶμεν, ἀσθενῆ ποιοῦμεν τὴν τυραννίδα· οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ζωῆς συμβαίνει. Καθάπερ γὰρ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν τῶν σωμάτων ἐνέθηκε ταῖς παιδοποιίαις, συγκροτῶν ἡμῶν τὰς διαδοχὰς ὁ Θεὸς, οὐ κωλύων τὴν ἀνωτέρω τῆς ἐγκρατείας ὁδεύειν ὁδόν· οὕτω καὶ τὸν πόθον τῆς ζωῆς ἐνέσπειρε, κωλύων ἑαυτοὺς ἀναιρεῖν, οὐκ ἐμποδίζων δὲ ἡμῖν πρὸς τὸ τῆς παρούσης ζωῆς ὑπερορᾷν. Καὶ χρὴ ταῦτα εἰδότας τὰ μέτρα διατηρεῖν, καὶ μήτε αὐτομάτως ἐπὶ τὸν θάνατον ἰέναι ποτὲ, κἂν μυρία ἂν ἔχῃ δεινά· μήτε ἑλκομένους ὑπὲρ τῶν τῷ Θεῷ δοκούντων ἀναδύεσθαι καὶ ὀκνεῖν, ἀλλὰ θαῤῥοῦντας ἀποδύεσθαι, τὴν μέλλουσαν τῆς παρούσης ζωῆς προτιμῶντες. Αἱ δὲ γυναῖκες παρειστήκεισαν τῷ σταυρῷ· καὶ τὸ ἀσθενέστερον γένος ἀνδρειότερον ἐφάνη τότε· οὕτω πάντα μετεσκευάζετο λοιπόν. Αὐτὸς δὲ τὴν μητέρα παραθέμενος, φησίν· Ἴδε ὁ υἱός σου. Βαβαὶ τῆς τιμῆς! ὅσῃ τὸν μαθητὴν ἐτίμησε τιμῇ! Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ αὐτὸς ἀπῄει λοιπὸν, τῷ μαθητῇ παρέδωκε τημελήσοντι. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἰκὸς ἦν, ἅτε μητέρα οὖσαν, ἀλγεῖν καὶ τὴν προστασίαν ζητεῖν, εἰκότως αὐτὴν ἐγχειρίζει τῷ ποθουμένῳ. Τούτῳ φησίν· Ἴδε ἡ μήτηρ σου. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγε, συνάπτων αὐτοὺς εἰς ἀγάπην· ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ μαθητὴς συνιεὶς, εἰς τὰ ἴδια αὐτὴν ἔλαβε. ∆ιατί γὰρ μηδεμιᾶς ἄλλης ἐμνημόνευσε γυναικὸς, καίτοι καὶ ἑτέρα εἰστήκει; ∆ιδάσκων ἡμᾶς πλέον τι νέμειν ταῖς μητράσιν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐναντιουμένοις τοῖς γονεῦσι περὶ τὰ πνευματικὰ, οὐδὲ εἰδέναι χρή· οὕτως ὅταν μηδὲν ἐμποδίζωσιν, ἅπαν τὸ εἰκὸς ἀπονέμειν αὐτοῖς δεῖ, καὶ πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων αὐτοὺς τιθέναι, ἀνθ' ὧν ἔτεκον, ἀνθ' ὧν ἀνέθρεψαν, ἀνθ' ὧν μυρία ὑπέστησαν δεινά. Οὕτω καὶ Μαρκίωνος ἐπιστομίζει τὴν ἀναισχυντίαν. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἐγεννήθη κατὰ σάρκα, μηδὲ μητέρα ἔσχε, τίνος ἕνεκεν τοσαύτην περὶ αὐτὴν μόνην ποιεῖται πρόνοιαν; Μετὰ ταῦτα εἰδὼς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ὅτι πάντα τετέλεσται· τουτέστιν, ὅτι οὐδὲν λείπει τῇ οἰκονομίᾳ. Πανταχοῦ γὰρ ἐσπούδακε καινὸν δεῖξαι τὸν θάνατον τοῦτον ὄντα, εἴ γε ἐν τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ τοῦ τελευτῶντος τὸ πᾶν ἔκειτο, καὶ οὐ πρότερον ἐπῄει τῷ σώματι ἡ τελευτὴ, ἕως ὅτε αὐτὸς ἐβούλετο· ἐβούλετο δὲ μετὰ τὸ πάντα πληρῶσαι. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἔλεγεν· Ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι τὴν ψυχήν μου, καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔχω πάλιν λαβεῖν αὐτήν. Εἰδὼς οὖν πάντα πεπληρωμένα, λέγει, ∆ιψῶ, πάλιν ἐνταῦθα προφητείαν πληρῶν. Σὺ δέ μοι τὸ μιαρὸν τῶν παρεστώτων ἐννόησον. Κἂν γὰρ μυρίους ἔχωμεν ἐχθροὺς, καὶ ἀνήκεστα πεπονθότες ὦμεν, ὁρῶντες αὐτοὺς ἀναιρουμένους, κατακαμπτόμεθα· οὗτοι δὲ οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐσπείσαντο πρὸς αὐτὸν, οὐδὲ τοῖς ὁρωμένοις γεγόνασιν ἥμεροι, ἀλλ' ἐξεθηριοῦντο μᾶλλον, καὶ τὴν εἰρωνείαν ἐπέτεινον· καὶ σπόγγῳ προσενέγκαντες ὄξος, οὕτως αὐτὸν ἐπότιζον, ὡς τοῖς καταδίκοις αὐτὸ προσφέρονται, ἐπεὶ καὶ τὸ ὕσσωπον διὰ τοῦτο πρόσκειται. Λαβὼν οὖν φησι, Τετέλεσται. Εἶδες ἀταράχως καὶ μετ' ἐξουσίας πάντα πράττοντα; Καὶ τὸ ἑξῆς δὲ τοῦτο δηλοῖ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πάντα ἀπηρτίσθη, Κλίνας τὴν κεφαλὴν (οὐδὲ γὰρ αὕτη προσήλωτο), τὸ πνεῦμα ἀφῆκε, τουτέστιν, ἀπέψυξε. Καίτοι οὐ μετὰ τὸ κλῖναι τὴν κεφαλὴν τὸ ἐκπνεῦσαι· ἐνταῦθα δὲ τοὐναν 59.463 τίον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐπειδὴ ἐξέπνευσεν, ἔκλινε τὴν κεφαλὴν, ὅπερ ἐφ' ἡμῶν γίνεται· ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ ἔκλινε τὴν κεφαλὴν, τότε ἐξέπνευσε. ∆ι' ὧν πάντων ἐδήλωσεν ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ὅτι τοῦ παντὸς Κύριος αὐτὸς ἦν. γʹ. Ἀλλ' οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι πάλιν, οἱ τὴν κάμηλον καταπίνοντες, καὶ τὸν κώνωπα διυλίζοντες, τηλικοῦτον ἐργασάμενοι τόλμημα, περὶ τῆς ἡμέρας ἀκριβολογοῦνται. Ἐπεὶ γὰρ Παρασκευὴ ἦν λοιπὸν, ἵνα μὴ μείνῃ ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ τὰ σώματα, ἠρώτησαν τὸν Πιλᾶτον, ἵνα κατεαγῶσιν αὐτῶν τὰ σκέλη. Ὁρᾷς πῶς ἐστιν ἰσχυρὸν ἡ ἀλήθεια; ∆ι' ὧν ἐκεῖνοι σπουδάζουσι, διὰ τούτων ἡ προφητεία πληροῦται. Ἀπὸ γὰρ τούτων ἑτέρα αὐτοῖς αὕτη προαναφώνησις λαμβάνει τέλος. Ἐλθόντες γὰρ οἱ στρατιῶται,