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his skin, having been filled with chaff, they still have even now in Persia; and thus he ended his life; for this reason the Manichees themselves make their beds on reeds. And so when he had died and left behind his disciples whom we mentioned, Addas and Thomas and Hermeias, who had been sent out by him before he received his punishment in the manner declared, Hermeias came to Egypt, whom many also met * for the heresy is not of ancient origin, and those who met the aforementioned Hermeias, being a disciple of Manes, have related to us the things concerning him; and Addas to the upper 3.34 parts, and Thomas to Judea, from whom the doctrine has been strengthened until now. Manes said that he himself was the Paraclete Spirit, and at one time he says he is an apostle of Christ, at another the Paraclete Spirit, and a great impious inconsistency of his blindness. 13. From this point, then, beloved, it becomes necessary for us to say something against the heresy and against its foolishness; for all the things that have passed I have related according to history. Whence indeed the most terrible Manes begins to teach and write and speak in his discourse on faith. For he set forth various books, one indeed equal in number to the 3.35 twenty-two letters according to the Syrian alphabet † composed through alphabets; -for most of the Persians, in addition to the Persian letters, also use the Syrian letters, just as among us many nations have used the Greek, although there are almost particular letters for each nation. But others forsooth highly praise the most profound Syrian dialect and the dialect of Palmyra, both it and their letters. These are twenty-two; wherefore also the same book has been cut into twenty-two sections of discourses. -and to this he gives the name Mysteries of Manichaeus, and to another Treasure. And having stitched together other books, he fancies, the Little Treasure so-called, and another one on astrology. For they do not lack such curiosity, but rather they have at hand as a matter of boasting astronomy and 3.36 protections, I mean amulets, and certain other incantations and sorceries; at any rate, the same Manes begins to say in his book: 14. "There was God and matter, light and darkness, good and evil, completely opposite in all things, so that the one had no communion in anything with the other." And this is the prologue of the impostor. From here he begins his evil contrivance. And the book is set forth at length, containing some such worthless things, the difficulty and contradiction of which arguments must be grasped even from the very beginning of its purpose. For even if the rest is much nonsense and a mythical premise, from the introduction the whole of his wickedness will be shown. For "there was God and matter" he has explained in no way lacking the foolish supposition of the Greeks. But this empty-mindedness of the false accusation is easily captured and easy and easily overthrown. For that there are two co-temporal and eternal principles is impossible from reasonable calculations and sensible goodwill * for one who knows how to judge reasonably. And this will be knowable to everyone who has understanding. For if the two are co-temporal, they are not different even in name. For everything that is co-temporal is also co-eternal, and that which is co-eternal and always existing is God, especially that which has not received its beginning from some cause. For nothing is eternal except God alone. But you have set forth these principles with different names, O barbarian in mind and enemy of human nature. For you set forth one as light, the other as darkness, and again one as good and the other as evil. And you say that these are completely opposite in all things, so that the one has no communion in anything with the other. Therefore you separate these from one another; for it is clear that they are opposites, as you said. But if 3.37 they are by nature co-existent, things that co-exist with one another will be found friendly and harmonious, living together and sharing in common and not at all from

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ἀσκὸν αὐτοῦ ἐμπλησθέντα ἀχύρων ἔτι καὶ δεῦρο ἐν Περσίδι ἔχουσι· καὶ οὕτω τὸν βίον κατέστρεψε· διὸ αὐτοὶ οἱ Μανιχαῖοι ἐπὶ καλάμοις τὰς κοίτας αὐτῶν ποιοῦνται. οὕτω δὲ αὐτοῦ ἀποθανόντος καὶ καταλείψαντος τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ μαθητὰς οὓς εἴπομεν, Ἀδδᾶν καὶ Θωμᾶν καὶ Ἑρμείαν, οἳ πρὶν ἢ αὐτὸν τὴν δίκην ἀπολαβεῖν κατὰ τὸν δεδηλωμένον τρόπον ἦσαν ἀποσταλέντες ὑπ' αὐτοῦ, ὁ μὲν Ἑρμείας ἦλθεν εἰς τὴν Αἴγυπτον, ᾧ καὶ συνέτυχον πολλοὶ * οὐκ ἔστι γὰρ ἀρχαΐζουσα ἡ αἵρεσις, καὶ οἱ συντετυχηκότες τῷ προειρημένῳ Ἑρμείᾳ, μαθητῇ ὄντι τοῦ Μάνη, ἡμῖν τὰ κατ' αὐτὸν διηγήσαντο· Ἀδδᾶς δὲ ἐπὶ τὰ ἀνωτερικὰ 3.34 μέρη, Θωμᾶς δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν, ἐξ ὧν ἐκρατύνθη τὸ δόγμα εἰσέτι δεῦρο. ἔλεγε δὲ ἑαυτὸν ὁ Μάνης εἶναι τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ παράκλητον, καὶ ποτὲ μὲν ἀπόστολον φάσκει ἑαυτὸν Χριστοῦ, ποτὲ δὲ πνεῦμα παράκλητον καὶ πολλὴ τῆς τυφλώσεως τούτου κακόδοξος ἀλλοιοτροπία. 13. Ἐντεῦθεν λοιπόν, ἀγαπητοί, χρεία ἡμῖν γίνεταί τινα εἰς τὴν αἵρεσιν εἰπεῖν καὶ εἰς τὴν αὐτῆς ματαιοφροσύνην· τὰ γὰρ παρελθόντα πάντα κατὰ ἱστορίαν ὑφηγησάμην. ὅθεν δὴ ἄρχεται διδάσκειν τε καὶ γράφειν καὶ λέγειν ὁ χαλεπώτατος Μάνης ἐν τῷ περὶ πίστεως αὐτοῦ λόγῳ. βίβλους γὰρ οὗτος διαφόρους ἐξέθετο, μίαν μὲν ἰσάριθμον τῶν 3.35 εἴκοσι δύο στοιχείων τῶν κατὰ τὴν τῶν Σύρων στοιχείωσιν † δι' ἀλφαβήτων συγκειμένην· -χρῶνται γὰρ οἱ πλεῖστοι τῶν Περσῶν μετὰ τὰ Περσικὰ στοιχεῖα καὶ τοῖς Σύρων γράμμασι, ὥσπερ παρ' ἡμῖν πολλὰ ἔθνη τοῖς Ἑλληνικοῖς κέχρηνται, καίτοι γε ὄντων σχεδὸν κατὰ ἔθνος ἰδίων γραμμάτων. ἄλλοι δὲ δῆθεν τὴν βαθυτάτην τῶν Σύρων διάλεκτον σεμνύνονται τήν τε κατὰ τὴν Πάλμυραν διάλεκτον, αὐτήν τε καὶ τὰ αὐτῶν στοιχεῖα. εἴκοσι δύο δὲ ταῦτα ὑπάρχει· διόπερ καὶ ἡ αὐτὴ βίβλος εἰς εἴκοσι δύο τμήματα λόγων τέτμηται. -ταύτῃ δὲ ἐπιτίθησιν ὄνομα Μανιχαίου Μυστήρια, ἑτέρᾳ δὲ Θησαυρός. καὶ ἄλλας δὴ βίβλους καττύσας φαντάζεται, τὸν μικρὸν δὴ Θησαυρὸν οὕτω καλούμενον, ἄλλην δὲ τὴν περὶ ἀστρολογίας. οὐ γὰρ ἀποδέουσι τῆς τοιαύτης περιεργίας, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον αὐτοῖς ἐν προχείρῳ καυχήματος πρόκειται ἀστρονομία καὶ 3.36 φυλακτήρια, φημὶ δὲ τὰ περίαπτα, καὶ ἄλλαι τινὲς ἐπῳδαὶ καὶ μαγγανεῖαι· ἄρχεται γοῦν ἐν τῇ αὐτοῦ βίβλῳ λέγειν ὁ αὐτὸς Μάνης· 14. «Ἦν θεὸς καὶ ὕλη, φῶς καὶ σκότος, ἀγαθὸν καὶ κακόν, τοῖς πᾶσιν ἄκρως ἐναντία, ὡς κατὰ μηδὲν ἐπικοινωνεῖν θάτερον θατέρῳ.» καὶ οὗτος μέν ἐστιν ὁ πρόλογος τοῦ ἀγύρτου. ἐντεῦθεν ἄρχεται τῆς αὐτοῦ κακομηχανίας. καὶ ἡ μὲν βίβλος ἐν πλάτει κεῖται, τοιαῦτά τινα φαῦλα ἄττα περιέχουσα, ὧν τὴν δυσκολίαν καὶ τὴν ἐναντιότητα τῶν λόγων καὶ ἀπ' αὐτῆς τῆς ἀρχῆς τοῦ σκοποῦ ἐστι περιληπτέον. εἰ γὰρ καὶ πολλὴ ἡ λοιπὴ φλυαρία καὶ μυθώδης ὑπόθεσις, ἐκ τῆς εἰσαγωγῆς τὸ πᾶν δειχθήσεται τῆς αὐτοῦ πονηρίας. τὸ γὰρ «ἦν θεὸς καὶ ὕλη» οὐδὲν ἀποδέον τῆς τῶν Ἑλλήνων ματαίας ὑπονοίας ὑφηγήσατο. εὐάλωτον δὲ καὶ ῥᾴδιον καὶ εὐκατάλυτον τῆς συκοφαντίας τοῦτο τὸ κενοφρόνημα. δύο γὰρ ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ εἶναι σύγχρονά τε καὶ ἀίδια ἐξ εὐλόγων λογισμῶν καὶ συνετῆς εὐνοίας ἀδύνατον εἶναι * παρὰ τῷ κρίνειν εὐλόγως γινώσκοντι. καὶ γνωστέον τοῦτο ἔσται παντὶ τῷ σύνεσιν κεκτημένῳ. εἰ γὰρ τὰ δύο σύγχρονα, οὐδὲ κἂν τῷ ὀνόματι διήλλακται. πᾶν γὰρ τὸ σύγχρονον καὶ συναΐδιον, τὸ δὲ συναΐδιον καὶ ἀεὶ ὑπάρχον τοῦτο θεός, μάλιστα ἀπό τινος αἰτίου ἀρχὴν μὴ εἰληφός. οὐδὲν γὰρ ἀίδιον ἢ μόνον θεός. διαφόροις δὲ ὀνόμασι ταύτας τὰς ἀρχὰς ἐξέθου, ὦ βάρβαρε τὴν φρένα καὶ πολέμιε τῆς ἀνθρωπείας φύσεως. τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἐξέθου φῶς, τὸ δὲ σκότος, τὸ δ' αὖ ἀγαθὸν καὶ τὸ ἕτερον κακόν. φάσκεις δὲ ὅτι τοῖς πᾶσιν ἄκρως ἐστὶ ταῦτα ἐναντία, ὡς κατὰ μηδὲν ἐπικοινωνεῖν θάτερον θατέρῳ. οὐκοῦν χωρίζεις ταῦτα ἀπ' ἀλλήλων· δῆλον γὰρ ὅτι ἐναντία, ὡς ἔφης. εἰ 3.37 δὲ συνόντα πέφυκε, φίλα καὶ σύμφωνα τὰ ἀλλήλοις συνόντα εὑρεθήσεται, συνδιατρίβοντά τε καὶ συγκοινωνοῦντα καὶ μηδ' ὅλως ἀπ'