362

being curious about everyone's possessions, calculating how they will persuade one, frighten another, flatter another, compel another, serve another, slanders, purchases, sales, wills, guarantees, interest, capital sums, unrolling this jumble of evils within themselves; and when their affairs go smoothly, then they are most disturbed. See, for instance, that rich man being troubled when his land prospered, and being at a loss, and being in a state of helplessness, and saying: What shall I do? I will pull down my barns and build larger ones. But the poor man suffers nothing of the sort. I remembered the days of old; I meditated on all your works. This is no small comfort, to know the things before, and the things present. For since, so to speak, God governs both the present and the past by the same laws, the memory of past things is the greatest comfort for present things. Therefore in another psalm he also says: Will the Lord cast off forever, or will he cut off his mercy for the end? And another, Look upon the ancient generations, and see, who hoped in the Lord and was forsaken? And Paul, Now all these things happened to them as examples; but they were written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the ages have come. But we profit not only by remembering the things of others, but also often our own things. And the Apostle shows this, saying: But call to remembrance the former days, in which, after you were illuminated, you endured a great fight of afflictions. And from the contrary: What fruit had you then in those things of which you are now ashamed? And another wise man, Remember your last end, and you will never sin. For although this is future, yet common death has its beginning from the past. This also Paul does from things future and past, both when it is necessary to exhort, and when to correct; For I would not, he says, that you should be ignorant, brethren, that all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through the sea, and all ate the 55.453 same spiritual food; but with many of them God was not well pleased. And sometimes from things to come: Who shall be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power. And again: For wrath is come upon them to the uttermost. For the day will declare it, because it will be revealed by fire. And again: For because of these things the wrath of God comes upon the children of disobedience. But these things when he needs to correct; but when he needs to comfort, he comforts from both; from past things, saying thus: Blessed be God, even the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the God of mercies, and the Father of all comfort, who comforts us in all our tribulation, through the comfort with which we ourselves are comforted by God; and from future things, The sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us. For this reason he also says, I remembered the days of old, I meditated on all your works. He did not simply say, I remembered, but, I meditated; that is, I made it my business and great meditation, to unroll within myself the things that happened to the ancients. For from the history of the Scriptures there comes to us both great comfort and philosophy. For this reason Paul also said: that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope. And again: All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction. 5. And he, at any rate, was from hence already comforted in being in so great an affliction and turmoil by unrolling past things within himself, and remembering the dispensations of God that had happened in various ways. Another, at any rate, says, And I meditated on all your deeds. I meditated on the works of your hands. Another, I meditated on the works of your hands. He shows by this that by doing these things, he reaped much comfort,

362

ἁπάντων περιουσίας περιεργαζόμενοι, ἀναλογιζόμενοι πῶς τὸν μὲν πείσουσι, τὸν δὲ φοβήσουσι, τὸν δὲ κολακεύσουσι, τὸν δὲ βιάσονται, τὸν δὲ θεραπεύσουσι, συκοφαντίας, ὠνὰς, ἀπεμπολήσεις, διαθήκας, ἐγγύας, τόκους, κεφάλαια, τὸν φορυτὸν τῶν κακῶν τούτων παρ' ἑαυτοῖς ἀνελίττοντες· καὶ ὅταν κατὰ ῥοῦν αὐτοῖς τὰ πράγματα ἔλθῃ, τότε μάλιστα θορυβοῦνται. Ὅρα γοῦν τὸν πλούσιον ἐκεῖνον ταραττόμενον, ὅταν εὐθήνησεν αὐτοῦ ἡ χώρα, καὶ διαπορούμενον, καὶ ἐν ἀμηχανίᾳ καθεστῶτα, καὶ λέγοντα· Τί ποιήσω; Καθελῶ μου τὰς ἀποθήκας, καὶ μείζονας οἰκοδομήσω. Ἀλλ' ὁ πένης οὐδὲν πάσχει τοιοῦτον. Ἐμνήσθην ἡμερῶν ἀρχαίων· ἐμελέτησα ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἔργοις σου. Οὐ μικρὰ αὕτη παράκλησις, τὸ τὰ πρότερα εἰδέναι, καὶ τὰ παρόντα. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ, ὡς εἰπεῖν, τοῖς αὐτοῖς νόμοις ὁ Θεὸς διοικεῖ καὶ τὰ νῦν καὶ τὰ ἔμπροσθεν, μεγίστη παράκλησις εἰς τὰ παρόντα τῶν παρελθόντων ἡ μνήμη. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἐν ἑτέρῳ ψαλμῷ λέγει· Μὴ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας ἀπώσεται Κύριος, ἢ εἰς τέλος τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ ἀποκόψει; Καὶ ἄλλος, Ἐμβλέψατε εἰς τὰς ἀρχαίας γενεὰς, καὶ ἴδετε, τίς ἤλπισεν ἐπὶ Κύριον καὶ ἐγκατελείφθη; Καὶ ὁ Παῦλος, Ταῦτα δὲ πάντα τυπικῶς συνέβαινεν ἐκείνοις· ἐγράφη δὲ πρὸς νουθεσίαν ἡμῶν, εἰς οὓς τὰ τέλη τῶν αἰώνων κατήντησεν. Οὐ τὰ ἀλλότρια δὲ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ οἰκεῖα πολλάκις ἀναμιμνησκόμενοι κερδαίνομεν. Καὶ τοῦτο δείκνυσιν ὁ Ἀποστόλος λέγων· Ἀναμιμνήσκεσθε τὰς πρότερον ἡμέρας, ἐν αἷς φωτισθέντες πολλὴν ἄθλησιν ὑπεμείνατε παθημάτων. Καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐναντίου· Τινὰ οὖν καρπὸν εἴχετε τότε, ἐφ' οἷς νῦν ἐπαισχύνεσθε; Καὶ ἄλλος σοφὸς, Ἀναμιμνήσκου τὰ ἔσχατά σου, καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα οὐ μὴ ἁμάρτῃς. Τοῦτο γὰρ εἰ καὶ μέλλον ἐστὶν, ἀλλ' ὅμως ἀπὸ τοῦ παρελθόντος ἔχει τὴν ἀρχὴν ὁ θάνατος ὁ κοινός. Τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ποιεῖ ἀπὸ τῶν μελλόντων καὶ παρελθόντων, καὶ ὅταν παρακαλέσαι δέῃ, καὶ ὅταν σωφρονίσαι· Οὐ θέλω, φησὶν, ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν, ἀδελφοὶ, ὅτι οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν πάντες ὑπὸ τὴν νεφέλην ἦσαν, καὶ πάντες διὰ τῆς θαλάσσης διῆλθον, καὶ πάντες τὸ 55.453 αὐτὸ βρῶμα τὸ πνευματικὸν ἔφαγον· ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐν τοῖς πλείοσιν αὐτῶν εὐδόκησεν ὁ Θεός. Ποτὲ δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν μελλόντων· Οἵτινες δίκην τίσουσιν, ὄλεθρον αἰώνιον ἀπὸ προσώπου Κυρίου, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς δόξης τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ. Καὶ πάλιν· Ἔφθασε δὲ ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἡ ὀργὴ εἰς τέλος. Ἡ γὰρ ἡμέρα δηλώσει, ὅτι ἐν τῷ πυρὶ ἀποκαλύπτεται. Καὶ πάλιν· ∆ιὰ ταῦτα γὰρ ἔρχεται ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῆς ἀπειθείας. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν ὅταν σωφρονίσαι· ὅταν δὲ παρακαλέσαι δέῃ, ἀφ' ἑκατέρων παρακαλεῖ· ἀπὸ μὲν τῶν παρελθόντων, λέγων οὕτως· Εὐλογητὸς ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὁ Θεὸς τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν, καὶ πατὴρ πάσης παρακλήσεως, ὁ παρακαλῶν ἡμᾶς ἐν πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει, διὰ τῆς παρακλήσεως, ἧς παρακαλούμεθα αὐτοὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ· ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν μελλόντων, Οὐκ ἄξια τὰ παθήματα τοῦ νῦν καιροῦ πρὸς τὴν μέλλουσαν δόξαν ἀποκαλυφθῆναι εἰς ἡμᾶς. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ οὗτος λέγει, Ἐμνήσθην ἡμερῶν ἀρχαίων, ἐμελέτησα ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἔργοις σου. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπεν, Ἐμνήσθην, ἀλλ', Ἐμελέτησα· τουτέστιν, Ἔργονἐποιησάμην καὶ πολλὴν τὴν μελέτην, τὰ τοῖς παλαιοῖς συμβεβηκότα αὐτὸς ἀνελίττειν παρ' ἐμαυτῷ. Μεγάλη γὰρ ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν Γραφῶν ἱστορίας ἐγγίνεται ἡμῖν καὶ παράκλησις καὶ φιλοσοφία. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἔλεγεν ὁ Παῦλος· ∆ιὰ τῆς ὑπομονῆς καὶ τῆς παρακλήσεως τῶν Γραφῶν τὴν ἐλπίδα ἔχομεν. Καὶ πάλιν· Πᾶσα Γραφὴ θεόπνευστος καὶ ὠφέλιμος πρὸς διδασκαλίαν, πρὸς ἔλεγχον, πρὸς ἐπανόρθωσιν. εʹ. Καὶ οὗτος γοῦν ἐντεῦθεν ἤδη παρεκλήθη ἐν τοσαύτῃ θλίψει ὢν καὶ ταραχῇ τῷ τὰ παλαιὰ ἀνελίττειν παρ' ἑαυτῷ, καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὰς οἰκονομίας τὰς διαφόρως γεγενημένας ἀναμιμνήσκεσθαι. Ἕτερος γοῦν φησι, Καὶ ἐμελέτησα πάσας τὰς πράξεις σου. Ἐν τοῖς ποιήμασι τῶν χειρῶν σου ἐμελέτων. Ἄλλος, Τὰ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν σου ἐμελέτων. ∆είκνυσι διὰ τούτου, ὅτι ταῦτα ποιῶν, πολλὴν ἐκαρποῦτο τὴν παράκλησιν,