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not only this, but also by the addition of the example he increased the fear. Then he is not content with these things, but also shows the way by which one might escape the scandals. What is this? The wicked, he says, even if they are very dear friends to you, cut them off from your friendship. And he states an irrefutable argument. For if they remain friends, you will neither gain them, and you will destroy yourself in addition; but if you cut them off, you will at least reap your own salvation. Therefore if a friendship harms you, cut it off from yourself. For if we often cut off many of our own members, when they are both incurably diseased and harm the rest, much more is it necessary to do this in the case of friends. But if evil things were by nature, all this exhortation and counsel would be superfluous, superfluous the protection through the things that have been said. But if it is not superfluous, as indeed it is not, it is clear that wickedness is a matter of will. See that you do not despise one of these little ones. For I say to you, that their angels always see the face of my Father who is in heaven. He calls "little ones" not those who are truly little, but those who are considered so by the many, the poor, the easily despised, the unknown; (for how could he be 58.579 little who is worth the whole world? how could he be little who is a friend to God?) but those who are considered such in the opinion of the many. And he speaks not only about many, but also about one, and from this again he walls off the harm of the many scandals. For just as fleeing the wicked, so also honoring the good has the greatest profit, and there would be a double security for the one who pays attention; one from cutting off the friendships of those who cause scandal; another from holding these saints in service and honor. Then also from another source he makes them worthy of respect, saying, that Their angels always see the face of my Father who is in heaven. From this it is clear that the saints have angels, or even all people. For the Apostle also says concerning the woman, that she ought to have authority on her head because of the angels; and Moses: He set the boundaries of the nations according to the number of the angels of God. But here he speaks not only about angels, but also about pre-eminent angels. And when he says, The face of my Father, he means nothing other than the greater confidence, and the great honor. For the Son of man came to save that which was lost. Again he presents another argument greater than the former, and joins to it a parable, by which he also introduces the Father as willing these things. For what do you think? he says; if a man has a hundred sheep, and one of them goes astray, does he not leave the ninety-nine, and going to the mountains, seek the one that is wandering? And if it happens that he finds it, he rejoices over it more than over the ninety-nine that have not gone astray. So it is not the will before your Father that one of these little ones should perish. Do you see by how many things he leads us to the care of our humble brethren? Do not say, then, So-and-so is a coppersmith, a shoemaker, he is a farmer, he is foolish, and despise him. For so that you may not suffer this, see by how many things he persuades you to be moderate, and brings you to the care of these. He set a child, and says: Become as children; and, Whoever receives such a child, receives me; and, Whoever causes one to stumble, will suffer the worst things. And he was not satisfied with the example of the millstone, but also added the woe, and commanded to cut off such people, even if they are to us in the rank of hands and eyes. And again from the angels who have been entrusted with these very humble brethren, he makes them worthy of respect; and from his own will and passion (for when he says, The Son of man came to save that which was lost, he also indicates the cross, just as Paul also says, speaking of a brother: For whom Christ died); and from the Father, that it does not seem good to him either that one should be lost; and from common practice, that leaving those that are saved the shepherd seeks the one that is lost; and when he finds the one that has strayed, he is exceedingly pleased with its discovery and its salvation. 5. If, then, God so rejoices over the little one that was found, how

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τοῦτο δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῇ τοῦ παραδείγματος προσθήκῃ ηὔξησε τὸν φόβον. Εἶτα οὐκ ἀρκεῖται τούτοις, ἀλλὰ καὶ δείκνυσι τὴν ὁδὸν, δι' ἧς ἄν τις διαφύγοι τὰ σκάνδαλα. Τίς δέ ἐστιν αὕτη; Τοὺς πονηροὺς, φησὶ, κἂν σφόδρα σοι φίλοι ὦσιν, ἀπότεμνε τῆς φιλίας. Καὶ λέγει λογισμὸν ἀναντίῤῥητον. Ἂν μὲν γὰρ μένωσι φίλοι, οὔτε αὐτοὺς κερδανεῖς, καὶ σαυτὸν προσαπολεῖς· ἂν δὲ ἀποτέμνῃς, τὴν γοῦν σαυτοῦ σωτηρίαν καρπώσῃ. Ὥστε εἴ τινός σε φιλία βλάπτει, ἔκκοπτε ἀπὸ σοῦ. Εἰ γὰρ τῶν ἡμετέρων μελῶν πολλὰ πολλάκις ἀποτέμνομεν, ὅταν αὐτά τε ἀνιάτως ἔχῃ, καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς λυμαίνηται, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ φίλων τοῦτο ποιεῖν χρή. Εἰ δὲ φύσει ἦν τὰ κακὰ, περιττὴ πᾶσα αὕτη ἡ παραίνεσις καὶ ἡ συμβουλὴ, περιττὴ ἡ διὰ τῶν εἰρημένων φυλακή. Εἰ δὲ οὐ περιττὴ, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐδὲ περιττὴ, εὔδηλον ὅτι γνώμης ἡ πονηρία. Ὁρᾶτε μὴ καταφρονήσητε ἑνὸς τῶν μικρῶν τούτων. Λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν, ὅτι οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτῶν διαπαντὸς βλέπουσι τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ Πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Μικροὺς οὐ τοὺς ἀληθῶς μικροὺς καλεῖ, ἀλλὰ τοὺς νομιζομένους παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς, τοὺς πτωχοὺς, τοὺς εὐκαταφρονήτους, τοὺς ἀγνῶτας· (πῶς γὰρ ἂν εἴη 58.579 μικρὸς ὁ τοῦ κόσμου παντὸς ἀντάξιος; πῶς ἂν εἴη μικρὸς ὁ τῷ Θεῷ φίλος;) ἀλλὰ τοὺς παρὰ τῇ τῶν πολλῶν ὑπονοίᾳ τοιούτους νομιζομένους. Καὶ οὐ λέγει περὶ πολλῶν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ ἑνὸς, κἀντεῦθεν πάλιν ἀποτειχίζων τὴν τῶν πολλῶν σκανδάλων βλάβην. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ φεύγειν τοὺς πονηροὺς, οὕτω τὸ τιμᾷν τοὺς χρηστοὺς κέρδος ἔχει μέγιστον, καὶ διπλῆ γένοιτ' ἂν ἀσφάλεια τῷ προσέχοντι· μία μὲν ἐκ τοῦ τῶν σκανδαλιζόντων τὰς φιλίας ἐκτεμεῖν· ἑτέρα δὲ ἐκ τοῦ τοὺς ἁγίους τούτους ἔχειν ἐν θεραπείᾳ καὶ τιμῇ. Εἶτα καὶ ἑτέρωθεν αὐτοὺς αἰδεσίμους ποιεῖ, λέγων, ὅτι Οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτῶν διαπαντὸς βλέπουσι τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ Πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Ἐντεῦθεν δῆλον, ὅτι ἀγγέλους ἔχουσιν οἱ ἅγιοι, ἢ καὶ πάντες. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ Ἀπόστολός φησι περὶ τῆς γυναικὸς, ὅτι Ὀφείλει ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς διὰ τοὺς ἀγγέλους· καὶ ὁ Μωϋσῆς· Ἔστησεν ὅρια ἐθνῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ἀγγέλων Θεοῦ. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐ περὶ ἀγγέλων διαλέγεται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ ἀγγέλων ὑπερεχόντων. Ὅταν δὲ εἴπῃ, Τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ Πατρός μου, οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἢ τὴν πλείονα παῤῥησίαν λέγει, καὶ τὴν πολλὴν τιμήν. Ἦλθε γὰρ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου σῶσαι τὸ ἀπολωλός. Πάλιν ἕτερον λογισμὸν τίθησι τοῦ προτέρου μείζονα, καὶ παραβολὴν συνάπτει, δι' ἧς καὶ τὸν Πατέρα εἰσάγει ταῦτα βουλόμενον. Τί γὰρ ὑμῖν δοκεῖ; φησίν· ἐὰν γένηταί τινι ἀνθρώπῳ πρόβατα ἑκατὸν, καὶ πλανηθῇ ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν, οὐχὶ ἀφεὶς τὰ ἐνενηκονταεννέα, πορευθεὶς ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη, ζητεῖ τὸ πλανώμενον; Καὶ ἐὰν γένηται εὑρεῖν αὐτὸ, χαίρει ἐπ' αὐτῷ μᾶλλον, ἢ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐνενηκονταεννέα τοῖς μὴ πεπλανημένοις. Οὕτως οὐκ ἔστι θέλημα ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν, ἵνα ἀπόληται εἷς τῶν μικρῶν τούτων. Ὁρᾷς δι' ὅσων ἡμᾶς ἐνάγει εἰς τὴν τῶν εὐτελῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐπιμέλειαν; Μὴ τοίνυν εἴπῃς, Χαλκοτύπος ἐστὶν ὁ δεῖνα, ὑποδηματοῤῥάφος, γεωργός ἐστιν, ἀνόητός ἐστι, καὶ καταφρονήσῃς. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ τοῦτο πάθῃς, ὅρα διὰ πόσων σε πείθει μετριάζειν, καὶ εἰς τὴν τούτων ἐπιμέλειαν ἐμβάλλει. Ἔστησε παιδίον, καί φησι· Γίνεσθε ὡς τὰ παιδία· καὶ, Ὃς ἂν δέξηται παιδίον τοιοῦτον, ἐμὲ δέχεται· καὶ, Ὃς ἐὰν σκανδαλίσῃ, τὰ ἔσχατα πείσεται. Καὶ οὐδὲ ἠρκέσθη τῷ παραδείγματι τοῦ μύλου, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ οὐαὶ προσέθηκε, καὶ τοὺς τοιούτους ἐκτέμνειν ἐκέλευσε, κἂν ἐν τάξει χειρῶν ὦσι καὶ ὀφθαλμῶν ἡμῖν. Καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀγγέλων πάλιν τῶν ἐγκεχειρισμένων αὐτοὺς τούτους τοὺς εὐτελεῖς ἀδελφοὺς, αἰδεσίμους ποιεῖ· καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ οἰκείου θελήματος καὶ πάθους (ὅταν γὰρ εἴπῃ, Ἦλθεν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου σῶσαι τὸ ἀπολωλὸς, καὶ τὸν σταυρὸν δηλοῖ, καθάπερ καὶ Παῦλος φησι, περὶ ἀδελφοῦ λέγων· ∆ι' ὃν Χριστὸς ἀπέθανε)· καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πατρὸς, ὅτι οὐδὲ αὐτῷ δοκεῖ ἀπολέσθαι· καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς κοινῆς συνηθείας, ὅτι καταλιπὼν τὰ σεσωσμένα ὁ ποιμὴν ζητεῖ τὸ ἀπολόμενον· καὶ ὅταν εὕρῃ τὸ πεπλανημένον, σφόδρα ἥδεται τῇ εὑρέσει καὶ τῇ σωτηρίᾳ τούτου. εʹ. Εἰ τοίνυν ὁ Θεὸς οὕτω χαίρει ἐπὶ τῷ μικρῷ τῷ εὑρεθέντι, πῶς