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around us, the yearly seasons, days, paradises, meadows, various flowers, drinkable and sweet water, and the useful water from the rains, the birth-pangs of the earth, the various fruits, the different trees, the gentle winds, the sun's ray, the moon's torch, the varied chorus of the stars, the gentleness of the night; and among the irrational animals, sheep, and oxen, and goats; and among the wild animals, gazelles, and stags, hares, and many others; and among the birds, the Indian fowl; and in these works one might see not only Him punishing, but also benefiting far 55.468 more than punishing. He does some things, therefore, for the sake of fear; but if He should ever bring on a trial, it is because of the great insensibility of those who are not corrected by fear. He is generous with these things, and brings them to the point of trial not only for the worthy, but also for the unworthy. 3. Varying our salvation, therefore, sometimes He does these things, and sometimes those, but more often the latter, since He wills only those. For this reason He has threatened Gehenna, not that He might bring it on, but that He might not bring it on; and He prepared it for the devil; for He says, Depart into the fire prepared for the devil; but the kingdom for men, showing that He does not wish to cast man into Gehenna. The Lord is compassionate and merciful, long-suffering and full of mercy. The Lord is good to all, and His compassions are over all His works. You see the prophet also dwelling on these kinder things, and being lavish in his speech. For he knows clearly that in these things especially is the wealth of God. For it was not possible to be saved, unless His love for mankind were great; it was not possible to remain without enjoying much of His goodness. Wherefore He Himself said: I am He that blots out your iniquities, and I stood before you in your sins. The Lord is compassionate and merciful. See how he shows His unspeakable love for mankind. For not only does He have mercy on sinners, but He also displays another, not insignificant, kind of love for mankind, long-suffering, so that they might come to repentance, and with His love for mankind be saved also by their own diligence, and have the confidence that comes from right actions. And not simply, Merciful, but also, Full of mercy, he said, showing that this "much" cannot be measured, but surpasses all reason. At any rate, in what follows, as far as was possible for him, he showed it, adding and saying: The Lord is good to all, and His compassions are over all His works. What is, To all? Both to sinners, he says, and to those living in transgressions. For not only the righteous, nor those who do right, nor the repentant, but all, through what they suffer, proclaim His mercy and His goodness. And if anyone asks me, to whom has He been good, I will say: Not only to Abel, but also to Cain; not only to Noah and his children, but also to those overwhelmed by the flood. For He does all things out of love for mankind. And that you may learn how He is good to all, consider this: Of how much goodness was it, tell me, to hand over that fratricide, who had dared such a slaughter, and had stained his right hand, and had trampled on the laws of God, to a punishment which was more of an admonition than a chastisement, so as both to cleanse that very man through the length of time from the sin that had occurred, and to teach others through what he suffered? and of how much goodness was it, tell me, for those who were incurably sick at the time of the flood, and had been corrected by neither threats, nor words, nor anything else, to stop their 55.469 wickedness, and to use the common debt of nature as a medicine, and to bring upon them the lightest death, that through the

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περὶ ἡμᾶς, τροπὰς ἐτησίους, ἡμέρας, παραδείσους, λειμῶνας, ἄνθη ποικίλα, ὕδωρ πότιμον καὶ γλυκὺ, καὶ τὸ ἐκ τῶν ὑετῶν χρήσιμον, τῆς γῆς τὰς ὠδῖνας, τοὺς ποικίλους καρποὺς, τὰ δένδρα τὰ διάφορα, τοὺς ἀνέμους τοὺς προσηνεῖς, τὴν ἡλιακὴν ἀκτῖνα, τὴν σεληναίαν λαμπάδα, τὸν ποικίλον τῶν ἄστρων χορὸν, τὸ προσηνὲς τῆς νυκτός· καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀλόγων, πρόβατα, καὶ βοῦς, καὶ αἶγας· καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀγρίων, δορκάδας, καὶ ἐλάφους, λαγωοὺς, καὶ ἕτερα πλείονα· καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν πετεινῶν, τοὺς ὄρνιθας τοὺς Ἰνδικούς· καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτοῖς ἴδοι τις ἂν οὐ κολάζοντα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ εὐεργετοῦντα πολλῷ 55.468 πλεῖον ἢ κολάζοντα. Τὰ μὲν οὖν φόβου ἕνεκεν ποιεῖ· εἰ δὲ καί ποτε πεῖραν ἐπαγάγοι, διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀναισθησίαν τῶν οὐ διορθουμένων τῷ φόβῳ. Τούτοις δὲ ἐμφιλοτιμεῖται, καὶ μέχρι τῆς πείρας αὐτὰ προάγει οὐκ εἰς ἀξίους μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς ἀναξίους. γʹ. Ποικίλλων τοίνυν ἡμῶν τὴν σωτηρίαν, ποτὲ μὲν ταῦτα, ποτὲ δὲ ἐκεῖνα ἐργάζεται, πλεονάκις δὲ ἐκεῖνα, ἐπειδὴ καὶ ἐκεῖνα βούλεται μόνα. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ γέενναν ἠπείλησεν, οὐχ ἵνα ἐπαγάγῃ, ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ ἐπαγάγῃ· καὶ τὴν μὲν τῷ διαβόλῳ παρεσκεύασε· Πορεύεσθε γὰρ, φησὶν, εἰς τὸ πῦρ τὸ ἡτοιμασμένον τῷ διαβόλῳ· τὴν δὲ βασιλείαν ἀνθρώποις, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐ βούλεται ἄνθρωπον εἰς γέενναν ἐμβαλεῖν. Οἰκτίρμων καὶ ἐλεήμων ὁ Κύριος, μακρόθυμος καὶ πολυέλεος. Χρηστὸς Κύριος τοῖς σύμπασι, καὶ οἱ οἰκτιρμοὶ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ. Ὁρᾷς καὶ τὸν προφήτην τούτοις ἐνδιατρίβοντα τοῖς χρηστοτέροις, καὶ ἐπιδαψιλευόμενον τῷ λόγῳ. Καὶ γὰρ οἶδε σαφῶς ἐν τούτοις ὄντα μάλιστα τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸν πλοῦτον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἦν σωθῆναι, μὴ πολλῆς οὔσης αὐτοῦ τῆς φιλανθρωπίας· οὐκ ἦν μεῖναι μὴ πολλῆς ἀπολαύοντας τῆς ἀγαθότητος. ∆ιὸ καὶ αὐτὸς ἔλεγεν· Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἐξαλείφων τὰς ἀνομίος σου, καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις σου προέστην σου. Οἰκτίρμων καὶ ἐλεήμων ὁ Κύριος. Ὅρα πῶς δείκνυσιν αὐτοῦ ἄφατον τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν. Οὐ γὰρ ἐλεεῖ μόνον ἁμαρτάνοντας, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἕτερον εἶδος τῆς φιλανθρωπίας οὐ μικρὸν ἐπιδείκνυται, τὸ μακρόθυμον, ὥστε αὐτοὺς εἰς μετάνοιαν ἐλθεῖν, καὶ μετὰ τῆς αὐτοῦ φιλανθρωπίας καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκείας σωθῆναι σπουδῆς, καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν κατορθωμάτων παῤῥησίαν ἔχειν. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς δὲ, Ἐλεήμων, ἀλλὰ καὶ, Πολυέλεος εἶπε, δεικνὺς ὅτι τὸ πολὺ τοῦτο μετρηθῆναι οὐκ ἔνι, ἀλλὰ πάντα ὑπερβαίνει λόγον. ∆ιὰ γοῦν τῶν ἑξῆς κατὰ τὸ ἐγχωροῦν αὐτῷ ἐνεδείξατο ἐπαγαγὼν καὶ εἶπε· Χρηστὸς Κύριος τοῖς σύμπασι, καὶ οἱ οἰκτιρμοὶ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ. Τί ἐστι, Τοῖς σύμπασι; Καὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτωλοῖς, φησὶ, καὶ τοῖς ἐν παρανομίαις ζῶσιν. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ μόνον οἱ δίκαιοι, οὐδὲ οἱ κατορθοῦντες, οὐδὲ οἱ μετανοοῦντες, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντες, δι' ὧν πάσχουσιν, ἀνακηρύττουσιν αὐτοῦ τὸν ἔλεον καὶ τὴν χρηστότητα. Κἂν μέ τις ἔρηται, τίνι χρηστὸς ἐγένετο, ἐρῶ· Οὐχὶ τῷ Ἄβελ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ Κάϊν· οὐχὶ τῷ Νῶε μόνον καὶ τοῖς ἐκείνου παισὶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς ὑπὸ τοῦ καταποντισμοῦ κατακλυσθεῖσι. Πάντα γὰρ ἀπὸ φιλανθρωπίας ἐργάζεται. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς, πῶς πᾶσίν ἐστιν χρηστὸς, σκόπει ἐντεῦθεν· Πόσης χρηστότητος ἦν, εἰπέ μοι, τὸ τὸν ἀδελφοκτόνον ἐκεῖνον, καὶ τοιαύτην τολμήσαντα σφαγὴν, καὶ τὴν δεξιὰν μολύναντα, καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ καταπατήσαντα τοὺς νόμους, παραδοῦναι τιμωρίᾳ, νουθεσίᾳ μᾶλλον ἢ κολάσει οὔσῃ, ὥστε καὶ αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνον καθᾶραι διὰ τοῦ μήκους τοῦ κατὰ τὸν χρόνον τῆς ἁμαρτίας τῆς ἐγγενομένης, καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους παιδεῦσαι δι' ὧν ἔπασχεν ἐκεῖνος; πόσης δὲ ἦν χρηστότητος, εἰπέ μοι, τὸ τοὺς ἀνίατα νοσοῦντας ἐπὶ τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ, καὶ μήτε ἀπειλαῖς, μήτε λόγοις, μήτε ἄλλῳ μηδενὶ διορθωθέντας στῆσαι τῆς 55.469 κακίας, καὶ τῷ κοινῷ χρέει τῆς φύσεως ἀντὶ φαρμάκου χρήσασθαι, καὶ τὸν κουφότατον αὐτοῖς ἐπαγαγεῖν θάνατον τὸν διὰ τῶν