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should take place, is the part of one defending himself, and strongly drawing him toward reconciliation. What then, if he disobeys and is hardened? Take with you one or two more, so that on the testimony of two witnesses every word may be established. For the more shameless and audacious he is, the more we must hasten to the cure, not to anger and indignation. For a physician, when he sees that the disease is stubborn, does not give up, nor does he become annoyed, but then rather prepares himself; which He commands us to do here also. For since you appeared weaker being alone, become stronger by the addition. For two are sufficient to convict the one who has sinned. Do you see how He seeks not only the interest of the one who was grieved, but also that of the one who caused the grief? For this is the one who has been wronged, the one who is caught by the passion; he is the one who is sick and weak and weary. For this reason He often brings that one to this one, now alone, now with others; and if he persists, even with the Church. For He says, 'Tell it to the Church.' If He sought only this one's interest, He would not have commanded to forgive seventy times seven one who repents; He would not have appointed for him so many correctors of his passion so many times; but He would have left him uncorrected after the first encounter; but now He commands to treat him once and twice and three times, now alone, now with two, now with more. For this reason He says nothing of the sort concerning those outside, but, 'If anyone strikes you,' He says, 'on the right cheek, turn to him the other also;' but here it is not so. For what Paul says, saying, 'For what have I to do with judging those outside?' but he commands us to rebuke and turn away from the brethren, and to cut off those who do not obey, that they may be ashamed; this He Himself also does here, legislating these things concerning the brethren; and He appoints for him three teachers and judges, teaching the things that happen during the time of intoxication. For even if he is the one who spoke and did all those unseemly things, nevertheless he needs others to teach him, just as the drunkard does. For anger and sin are more intoxicating than any drunkenness, and place the soul in a greater madness. Who then was wiser than David? But nevertheless when he sinned he did not perceive it, as desire possessed all his reasoning, and filled his soul as with some smoke. For this reason he needed a lamp from the prophet, and words reminding him of what he had done. For this reason also He brings these men to the one who has sinned, to converse with him about what he has done. 2. And why does He command this man to rebuke him, and not another? Because he would bear this one more gently, the one who was wronged, the one who was grieved, the one who was insulted. For one does not bear being rebuked by another about the one who was insulted in the same way as by the one who was insulted himself, especially when he is rebuking him alone. For when the one who ought to demand satisfaction from him is seen to be concerned for his salvation, he will be able most of all to make him feel ashamed. Do you see how this is done not for the sake of punishment, but of correction? For this reason He does not command to take the 58.586 two immediately, but when he himself fails; and not even then does He send a multitude against him, but makes the addition up to two, or even one; and when he despises these also, then He brings him before the Church. Thus He makes a great effort that the sins of neighbors not be paraded publicly. And yet He could have commanded this from the beginning; but so that this would not happen, He did not command it, but legislates this after a first and second exhortation. And what is, 'On the testimony of two or three witnesses every word shall be established'? You have sufficient testimony, He says, that you have done everything on your part, that you have left nothing undone of what pertains to you. But if he neglects to hear them also, tell it to the Church; that is, to those who preside. And if he neglects to hear the Church also, let him be to you as the Gentile and the tax-collector. For henceforth such a one is incurably sick. But consider, how everywhere He puts the tax-collector as an example of the greatest wickedness. For above also He says: 'Do not even the tax-collectors do the same'

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χρὴ γίνηται, μέρος ἐστὶν ἀπολογουμένου, καὶ σφόδρα ἐφελκομένου πρὸς καταλλαγήν. Τί οὖν, ἐὰν ἀπειθῇ καὶ σκληρῶς διακέηται; Παράλαβε μετὰ σεαυτοῦ ἔτι ἕνα ἢ δύο, ἵνα ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα. Ὅσῳ γὰρ ἂν ἀναιδέστερος ᾖ καὶ ἰταμώτερος, τοσούτῳ, μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ τὴν ἰατρείαν σπεύδειν χρὴ, οὐκ ἐπὶ τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ τὴν ἀγανάκτησιν. Καὶ γὰρ ἰατρὸς, ὅταν ἴδῃ τὸ πάθος δυσένδοτον, οὐκ ἀφίσταται, οὐδὲ δυσχεραίνει, ἀλλὰ τότε μᾶλλον παρασκευάζεται· ὃ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ποιεῖν κελεύει. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀσθενέστερος μόνος ὢν ἐφάνης, γενοῦ δυνατώτερος τῇ προσθήκῃ. Καὶ γὰρ ἱκανοὶ οἱ δύο τὸν ἡμαρτηκότα ἐλέγξαι. Ὁρᾷς ὡς οὐ τὸ τοῦ λελυπημένου ζητεῖ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ τοῦ λελυπηκότος; Ὁ γὰρ ἠδικημένος οὗτός ἐστιν, ὁ ἁλοὺς ὑπὸ τοῦ πάθους· αὐτὸς ὁ νοσῶν καὶ ἀσθενῶν καὶ κάμνων. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο πολλάκις ἐκεῖνον πρὸς τοῦτον ἄγει, νῦν μὲν μόνον, νῦν δὲ μεθ' ἑτέρων· εἰ δὲ ἐπιμένοι, καὶ μετὰ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας. Εἰπὲ γὰρ, φησὶ, τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ. Εἰ δὲ τὸ τούτου μόνον ἐζήτει, οὐκ ἂν ἐκέλευσεν ἑβδομηκοντάκις ἑπτὰ μετανοοῦντι συγχωρεῖν· οὐκ ἂν τοσαυτάκις καὶ τοσούτους ἐπέστησεν αὐτῷ διορθωτὰς τοῦ πάθους· ἀλλ' ἐκ πρώτης αὐτὸν ἀδιόρθωτον μείναντα συντυχίας εἴασεν ἄν· νῦν δὲ καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δὶς καὶ τρὶς αὐτὸν θεραπεῦσαι κελεύει, καὶ νῦν μὲν μόνον, νῦν δὲ μετὰ δύο, νῦν δὲ μετὰ πλειόνων. ∆ιὰ δὴ τοῦτο ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν ἔξωθεν οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον λέγει, ἀλλ', Ἐάν τίς σε ῥαπίσῃ, φησὶν, εἰς τὴν δεξιὰν σιαγόνα, στρέψον αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην· ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐχ οὕτως. Ὅπερ γὰρ ὁ Παῦλός φησι λέγων· Τί μοι καὶ τοὺς ἔξωθεν κρίνειν; τοὺς δὲ ἀδελφοὺς καὶ ἐλέγχειν καὶ ἀποστρέφεσθαι κελεύει, καὶ ἀποτέμνειν μὴ πειθομένους, ἵνα ἐντραπῶσι· τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθα αὐτὸς ποιεῖ, περὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ταῦτα νομοθετῶν· καὶ τρεῖς ἐφίστησιν αὐτῷ διδασκάλους καὶ δικαστὰς, διδάσκοντας τὰ κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς μέθης γινόμενα. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ φθεγξάμενος καὶ ποιήσας πάντα ἐκεῖνα τὰ ἄτοπα, ἀλλ' ὅμως ἑτέρων δεῖται τῶν διδαξόντων, καθάπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ μεθύων. Καὶ γὰρ πάσης μέθης θυμὸς καὶ ἁμαρτία ἐκστατικώτερον, καὶ ἐν μείζονι τὴν ψυχὴν καθίστησι παραφροσύνῃ. Τίς γοῦν τοῦ ∆αυῒδ συνετώτερος ἦν; Ἀλλ' ὅμως ἁμαρτὼν οὐκ ᾔσθετο, τῆς ἐπιθυμίας τοὺς λογισμοὺς ἅπαντας κατεχούσης, καὶ ὥσπερ τινὸς καπνοῦ πληρούσης αὐτοῦ τὴν ψυχήν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ἐδεήθη λύχνου παρὰ τοῦ προφήτου, καὶ ῥημάτων ἀναμιμνησκόντων αὐτὸν ὧν ἔπραξε. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἄγει τούτους πρὸς τὸν ἡμαρτηκότα, διαλεξομένους αὐτῷ περὶ ὧν ἔπραξε. βʹ. ∆ιατί δὲ τούτῳ κελεύει ἐλέγξαι, καὶ οὐχ ἑτέρῳ, Ὅτι τοῦτον ἐπιεικέστερον ἂν ἤνεγκε, τὸν ἠδικημένον, τὸν λελυπημένον, τὸν ἐπηρεασμένον. Οὐ γὰρ ὁμοίως τις παρ' ἑτέρου περὶ τοῦ ὑβρισθέντος ἐλεγχόμενος φέρει, καὶ παρ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ ὑβρισμένου, μάλιστα ὅταν μόνος ᾖ διελέγχων αὐτόν. Ὅταν γὰρ ὁ δίκην αὐτὸν ἀπαιτεῖν ὀφείλων, οὗτος καὶ τῆς σωτηρίας φαίνηται ἐπιμελούμενος τῆς αὐτοῦ, μάλιστα πάντων αὐτὸν δυσωπῆσαι δυνήσεται. Ὁρᾷς πῶς οὐ δίκης ἕνεκεν τοῦτο γίνεται, ἀλλὰ διορθώσεως; ∆ιὰ δὴ τοῦτο οὐκ εὐθέως τοὺς 58.586 δύο κελεύει λαβεῖν, ἀλλ' ὅταν αὐτὸς ἀτονήσῃ· καὶ οὐδὲ τότε ἐπαφίησιν αὐτῷ πλῆθος, ἀλλὰ μέχρι δύο ποιεῖται τὴν προσθήκην, ἢ καὶ ἑνός· ὅταν δὲ καὶ τούτων καταφρονήσῃ, τότε αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν ἐξάγει. Οὕτω πολλὴν ποιεῖται σπουδὴν μὴ ἐκπομπεύεσθαι τὰ τῶν πλησίον ἁμαρτήματα. Καίτοιγε ἠδύνατο ἐξ ἀρχῆς τοῦτο κελεῦσαι· ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ τοῦτο γίνηται, οὐκ ἐκέλευσεν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν παραίνεσιν τοῦτο νομοθετεῖ. Τί δέ ἐστιν, Ἐπὶ στόματος δύο καὶ τριῶν μαρτύρων σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα; Ἔχεις μαρτυρίαν ἱκανὴν, φησὶν, ὅτι τὸ σαυτοῦ ἅπαν ἐποίησας, ὅτι οὐδὲν ἐνέλιπες τῶν εἰς σὲ ἡκόντων. Ἐὰν δὲ καὶ τούτων παρακούσῃ, εἰπὲ τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ· τουτέστι, τοῖς προεδρεύουσιν. Ἐὰν δὲ καὶ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας παρακούσῃ, ἔστω σοι ὡς ὁ ἐθνικὸς καὶ ὁ τελώνης. Λοιπὸν γὰρ ἀνίατα ὁ τοιοῦτος νοσεῖ. Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει, πῶς πανταχοῦ τὸν τελώνην εἰς ὑπόδειγμα τῆς μεγίστης τίθησι κακίας. Καὶ γὰρ ἀνωτέρω φησίν· Οὐχὶ καὶ οἱ τελῶναι τὸ αὐτὸ