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He made us when we were not, and for our sake He wrought all visible things, heaven, sea, earth, air, all things in them, animals, plants, seeds; for it is necessary to be brief because of the infinite sea of His works. He breathed into us alone of those on earth such a living soul, He planted a paradise, gave a helper, He set us over all the irrational creatures, He crowned us with glory and honor. After this, when we became ungrateful to our benefactor, He deemed us worthy of a greater gift. 2. For do not see this only, that He cast us out of paradise, but also consider the gain that came from this. For after casting us out of paradise, and working those countless good things, and accomplishing His various dispensations, He also sent His own Son for the sake of those who had been benefited and hated Him, and opened heaven to us and unfolded paradise itself, and made us sons, us who were enemies, who were ungrateful. Therefore it is now opportune to say: O the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! And He gave us a baptism for the remission of sins, and deliverance from punishment, and the inheritance of a kingdom, and promised countless good things to those who do right, and stretched out a hand, and poured out His spirit into our hearts. What then? After so many and so great good things, how ought we to be disposed? If we were to die each day for Him who so loves us, would we be paying our due, or rather, would we be depositing the smallest fraction of our debt? By no means; for even this would again turn out to our own profit. How then are we disposed, we who ought to be so disposed? Each day we outrage His laws. But do not be vexed if I touch upon those who sin; for I will not accuse you only, but myself also. From where then do you wish me to begin? From the slaves? From the free? From the soldiers? From private citizens? From the rulers? From the ruled? From women? From men? From the old? From the young? From what age? From what class? From what rank? From what profession? Do you wish that I make a beginning from the soldiers? What sin do these men not commit each day, being insolent, reviling, raging, trafficking in the misfortunes of others, like wolves, never being clean from offenses, unless one might say that the sea is without waves? For what passion does not trouble them? What disease does not besiege their soul? For towards those of equal rank they are disposed with jealousy, and they envy and are vainglorious; and towards their subordinates, with greed; and towards those who have lawsuits, and who run to them as to a harbor, with hostility and perjury. How many robberies among them! How many acts of greed! How many slanders and dishonest dealings! How many servile flatteries! Come then, let us apply to each one 58.591 the law of Christ. He who says to his brother, 'Fool,' shall be in danger of the hell of fire. He who has looked at a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her. Unless one humbles himself like this child, he will not enter the kingdom of heaven. But these men practice pride, becoming more savage than a wild beast against their subjects and those delivered to them, who tremble and fear them; doing nothing for Christ's sake, but everything for their belly, for money, for vainglory. Is it possible to recount in words the wickedness of their deeds? What could one say of their jests, their laughter, their unseasonable conversations, their obscene language? And concerning greed, it is not even possible to speak. For just as the monks in the mountains do not even know what greed is, so neither do these men; but in the opposite way to them. For the former are ignorant of the passion because they are far from the disease; but the latter, because they are so drunk with it, do not even perceive how great the evil is. For so has this wickedness supplanted virtue and tyrannizes, that it is not even considered a serious charge among those who are mad. But do you wish that we leave these men and come to others more moderate? Come then, that of the

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Ἐποίησεν ἡμᾶς οὐκ ὄντας, καὶ πάντα δι' ἡμᾶς εἰργάσατο τὰ ὁρώμενα, οὐρανὸν, θάλατταν, γῆν, ἀέρα, τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς πάντα, ζῶα, φυτὰ, σπέρματα· δεῖ γὰρ ἐπιτεμεῖν διὰ τὸ πέλαγος τῶν ἔργων τὸ ἄπειρον. Ψυχὴν ζῶσαν ἡμῖν ἐνέπνευσε μόνοις τοιαύτην τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς, παράδεισον ἐφύτευσε, βοηθὸν ἔδωκε, πᾶσι τοῖς ἀλόγοις ἐπέστησε, δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ἐστεφάνωσε. Μετὰ ταῦτα γενόμενον ἀγνώμονα περὶ τὸν εὐεργέτην μείζονος ἠξίωσε δωρεᾶς. βʹ. Μὴ γὰρ τοῦτο ἴδῃς μόνον, ὅτι ἐξέβαλε παραδείσου, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ κέρδος σκόπει τὸ ἐκ τούτου γενόμενον. Μετὰ γὰρ τὸ ἐκβαλεῖν παραδείσου, καὶ τὰ μυρία ἐκεῖνα ἐργάσασθαι ἀγαθὰ, καὶ τὰς ποικίλας οἰκονομίας ἐπιτελέσαι, καὶ τὸν υἱὸν ἔπεμψε τὸν ἑαυτοῦ ὑπὲρ τῶν εὐεργετηθέντων καὶ μισούντων, καὶ τὸν οὐρανὸν ἡμῖν ἀνέῳξε καὶ τὸν παράδεισον αὐτὸν ἀνεπέτασε, καὶ υἱοὺς ἡμᾶς ἐποίησε, τοὺς ἐχθροὺς, τοὺς ἀγνώμονας. ∆ιὸ καὶ εὔκαιρον νῦν εἰπεῖν· Ὢ βάθος πλούτου καὶ σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως Θεοῦ! Ἔδωκε δὲ ἡμῖν καὶ βάπτισμα ἀφέσεως ἁμαρτημάτων, καὶ τιμωρίας ἀπαλλαγὴν, καὶ βασιλείας κληρονομίαν, καὶ μυρία ἐπηγγείλατο κατορθοῦσιν ἀγαθὰ, καὶ χεῖρα ὤρεξε, καὶ πνεῦμα ἐξέχεεν εἰς τὰς καρδίας ἡμῶν. Τί οὖν; μετὰ τοσαῦτα καὶ τηλικαῦτα ἀγαθὰ, πῶς ἡμᾶς διακεῖσθαι ἐχρῆν; ἆρα εἰ καὶ καθ' ἑκάστην ἀπεθνήσκομεν τὴν ἡμέραν ὑπὲρ τοῦ οὕτως ἡμᾶς φιλοῦντος, ἐξετίννυμεν ἂν τὴν ἀξίαν, μᾶλλον δὲ τὸ πολλοστὸν τῆς ὀφειλῆς κατετίθεμεν; Οὐδαμῶς· καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο πάλιν εἰς τὸ κέρδος τὸ ἡμέτερον περιίστατο. Πῶς οὖν διακείμεθα οἱ οὕτω διακεῖσθαι ὀφείλοντες; Καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν εἰς τοὺς νόμους ἐνυβρίζομεν τοὺς αὐτοῦ. Ἀλλὰ μὴ ἀγανακτήσητε, ἂν ἐπαφῶ τὴν γλῶτταν τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν· οὐ γὰρ ὑμῶν κατηγορήσω μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐμαυτοῦ. Πόθεν οὖν βούλεσθε ἄρξομαι; ἀπὸ τῶν δούλων; ἀπὸ τῶν ἐλευθέρων; ἀπὸ τῶν στρατευομένων; ἀπὸ τῶν ἰδιωτῶν; ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρχόντων; ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρχομένων; ἀπὸ τῶν γυναικῶν; ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνδρῶν; ἀπὸ τῶν γερόντων; ἀπὸ τῶν νέων; ἀπὸ ποίας ἡλικίας; ἀπὸ ποίου γένους; ἀπὸ ποίου ἀξιώματος; ἀπὸ ποίου ἐπιτηδεύματος; Βούλεσθε ἀπὸ τῶν στρατευομένων ποιήσομαι τὴν ἀρχήν; Τί τοίνυν οὐχ ἁμαρτάνουσιν οὗτοι καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ὑβρίζοντες, λοιδορούμενοι, μαινόμενοι, τὰς ἀλλοτρίας πραγματευόμενοι συμφορὰς, λύκοις ἐοικότες, πλημμελημάτων οὐδέποτε καθαρεύοντες, πλὴν εἰ μὴ καὶ τὴν θάλατταν εἴποι τις κυμάτων εἶναι ἐκτός; Ποῖον γὰρ αὐτοῖς πάθος οὐκ ἐνοχλεῖ; ποῖον δὲ νόσημα οὐ πολιορκεῖ αὐτῶν τὴν ψυχήν; Πρὸς μὲν γὰρ τοὺς ὁμοτίμους ζηλοτύπως διάκεινται, καὶ φθονοῦσι καὶ κενοδοξοῦσι· πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ὑποτεταγμένους, πλεονεκτικῶς· πρὸς δὲ τοὺς δίκας ἔχοντας, καὶ ὡς εἰς λιμένα κατατρέχοντας, πολεμίως καὶ ἐπιόρκως. Πόσαι παρ' αὐτοῖς ἁρπαγαί! πόσαι πλεονεξίαι! πόσαι συκοφαντίαι καὶ καπηλεῖαι! πόσαι κολακεῖαι δουλοπρεπεῖς! Φέρε οὖν, καθ' ἕκαστον ἁρμόσωμεν 58.591 τὸν τοῦ Χριστοῦ νόμον. Ὁ εἰπὼν τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ, Μωρὲ, ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ γεέννῃ τοῦ πυρός. Ὁ ἐμβλέψας γυναικὶ πρὸς τὸ ἐπιθυμῆσαι, ἤδη ἐμοίχευσεν αὐτήν. Ἐὰν μή τις ταπεινώσῃ ἑαυτὸν ὡς τὸ παιδίον, οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν. Οὗτοι δὲ καὶ ἐπιτηδεύουσι τῦφον, κατὰ τῶν ὑπηκόων καὶ παραδεδομένων καὶ τρεμόντων αὐτοὺς καὶ δεδοικότων θηρίου γινόμενοι χαλεπώτεροι· διὰ μὲν τὸν Χριστὸν οὐδὲν ποιοῦντες, πάντα δὲ διὰ τὴν γαστέρα, διὰ τὰ χρήματα, διὰ τὴν κενοδοξίαν. Ἆρα ἔνι ἀριθμῆσαι διὰ ῥημάτων τὴν τῶν πραγμάτων πλημμέλειαν; Τί ἄν τις εἴποι τὰς χλευασίας αὐτῶν, τὸν γέλωτα, τὰς ἀκαίρους διαλέξεις, τὰς αἰσχρολογίας; Περὶ δὲ πλεονεξίας οὐδὲ εἰπεῖν ἔνι. Καθάπερ γὰρ οἱ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι μοναχοὶ οὐδὲ τί ποτέ ἐστιν ἡ πλεονεξία ἴσασιν, οὕτως οὐδὲ οὗτοι· ἀλλ' ἀπεναντίας ἐκείνοις. Ἐκεῖνοι μὲν γὰρ διὰ τὸ πόῤῥω τοῦ νοσήματος εἶναι ἀγνοοῦσι τὸ πάθος· οὗτοι δὲ διὰ τὸ σφόδρα ἐν αὐτῷ μεθύειν οὐδὲ αἰσθάνονται ὅσον ἐστὶ τὸ κακόν. Οὕτω γὰρ παρώσατο τὴν ἀρετὴν ἡ κακία αὕτη καὶ τυραννεῖ, ὡς μηδὲ ἔγκλημα βαρὺ εἶναι νομίζεσθαι αὐτὴν παρὰ τοῖς μαινομένοις ἐκείνοις. Ἀλλὰ βούλεσθε τούτους ἀφέντες, ἐφ' ἑτέρους ἔλθωμεν ἐπιεικεστέρους; Φέρε οὖν, τὸ τῶν