384

you made reconciliation by mere supplication. But if it is so burdensome to you to become a friend to the one who has grieved you, it is much heavier to fall into Gehenna; and if you had set this against that, then you would have known that this is much lighter. And when he owed ten thousand talents, he did not call him wicked, nor did he insult him, but had mercy; but when he became ungrateful toward his fellow servant, then he says, Wicked servant. Let us hear, O covetous ones; for the word is also to us. 58.594 Let us hear, also, O unmerciful and cruel; for we are not cruel to others, but to ourselves. Therefore, whenever you wish to bear a grudge, consider that you bear a grudge against yourself, not another, that you are binding your own sins, not those of your neighbor. For you, indeed, whatever you might do to this one, you do as a human and in the present life; but God not so, but will punish you more greatly, and with the punishment there. For he handed him over, until he should pay what was owed; that is, forever; for he will never pay it. For since you did not become better by the good deed, it remains for you to be corrected by punishment. And yet the spiritual gifts and the free gifts are irrevocable; but wickedness was so strong, as even to undo this law. What then is more grievous than bearing a grudge, when it is seen to be overturning so great and so large a divine gift? And he did not simply hand him over, but having become angry. For when he ordered him to be sold, the words were not of anger; therefore he did not even do it; but it was a very great occasion for love of mankind; but now the sentence is of much indignation, and of punishment, and of chastisement. What then does the parable mean? So also, he says, will my Father do to you, if each of you does not forgive his brother from your hearts their trespasses. He does not say, Your Father; but, My Father. For it is not worthy for such a one to call God Father, for one so wicked and hateful of men. 5. Therefore he seeks two things here, both for us to condemn our sins, and to forgive others; and that for the sake of this, so that this may become easier (for he who considers his own, will be more ready to forgive his fellow servant); and not to forgive simply from the mouth, but from the heart. Let us not then thrust the sword against ourselves by bearing grudges. For how has the one who grieved you grieved you in such a way, as you work against yourself by remembering the anger, and drawing down upon yourself the sentence from God that condemns you? For if you are sober and act as a philosopher, the terrible thing will turn upon his head, and he will be the one who suffers evil; but if you remain indignant and annoyed, then you yourself will suffer the harm, not from him, but from yourself. Therefore do not say that he insulted and slandered and worked countless evils; for however many things you might say, by so much more you show him to be a benefactor. For he gave an occasion to wash away sins; so that the more greatly he may have wronged you, of so much greater forgiveness of sins he becomes the cause for you. For if we are willing, no one will be able to wrong us; but even our enemies will benefit us in the greatest things. And why do I say men? For what could be more wicked than the devil? but nevertheless even from him we have much occasion for good repute, and Job shows this. But if the devil has become an occasion for crowns, why do you fear a human enemy? See then how many things you gain, by bearing gently the insults of enemies. First and greatest, release from sins; second, fortitude and patience; third, gentleness and love of mankind. For he who does not know how to be angry with those who grieve him, will be much more friendly to those who love him. Fourth, to be continually pure from anger; to which nothing could be equal. For he who is pure from anger, it is clear that he is also freed from the despondency that comes from it, and will not 58.595 spend his life in vain toils and pains. For he who does not know how to hate, does not know how to be grieved, but will enjoy delight and countless good things. So that we punish ourselves by hating others; just as therefore we also benefit ourselves by loving. In addition to all these things you will be revered even by your enemies, even if they are demons; or rather you will no longer have an enemy, being so disposed. But the greatest and first of all, the ... of the

384

ψιλῆς ἱκετηρίας κατήλλαξας. Εἰ δὲ καὶ οὕτω σοι φορτικὸν τὸ φίλον γενέσθαι τῷ λελυπηκότι, πολλῷ βαρύτερον τὸ εἰς γέενναν ἐμπεσεῖν· καὶ εἰ τοῦτο ἀντέθηκας ἐκείνῳ, τότε ἂν ἔγνως, ὅτι πολλῷ τοῦτο κουφότερον. Καὶ ὅτε μὲν μυρία τάλαντα ὤφειλεν, οὐκ ἐκάλεσε πονηρὸν, οὐδὲ ὕβρισεν, ἀλλ' ἠλέησεν· ὅτε δὲ περὶ τὸν σύνδουλον ἀγνώμων ἐγένετο, τότε λέγει, Πονηρὲ δοῦλε. Ἀκούσωμεν, οἱ πλεονέκται· καὶ γὰρ πρὸς ἡμᾶς ὁ λόγος. 58.594 Ἀκούσωμεν, καὶ οἱ ἀνηλεεῖς καὶ ὠμοί· ὅτι οὐχ ἑτέροις ἐσμὲν ὠμοὶ, ἀλλ' ἑαυτοῖς. Ὅταν οὖν βούλῃ μνησικακεῖν, ἐννόησον ὅτι σαυτῷ μνησικακεῖς, οὐχ ἑτέρῳ, ὅτι τὰ σαυτοῦ καταδεσμεῖς ἁμαρτήματα, οὐ τὰ τοῦ πλησίον. Σὺ μὲν γὰρ, ὅπερ ἂν ἐργάσῃ τούτῳ, ὡς ἅνθρωπος ἐργάζῃ καὶ ἐν τῷ παρόντι βίῳ· ὁ δὲ Θεὸς οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλὰ μειζόνως σε τιμωρήσεται, καὶ τιμωρίαν τὴν ἐκεῖ. Παρέδωκε γὰρ αὐτὸν, ἕως οὗ ἀποδῷ τὸ ὀφειλόμενον· τουτέστι, διηνεκῶς· οὔτε γὰρ ἀποδώσει ποτέ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἐγένου τῇ εὐεργεσίᾳ βελτίων, λείπεται τῇ τιμωρίᾳ σε διορθοῦσθαι. Καίτοιγε ἀμεταμέλητα τὰ χαρίσματα καὶ αἱ δωρεαί· ἀλλὰ τοσοῦτον ἴσχυσεν ἡ κακία, ὡς καὶ τοῦτον λῦσαι τὸν νόμον. Τί τοίνυν τοῦ μνησικακεῖν χαλεπώτερον, ὅταν δωρεὰν θείαν τοσαύτην καὶ τηλικαύτην ἀνατρέπον φαίνηται; Καὶ οὐδὲ ἁπλῶς αὐτὸν παρέδωκεν, ἀλλὰ ὀργισθείς. Ὅτε μὲν γὰρ ἐκέλευσε πραθῆναι, οὐκ ἦν ὀργῆς τὰ ῥήματα· οὐκοῦν οὐδὲ ἐποίησεν· ἀλλ' ἀφορμὴ φιλανθρωπίας μεγίστη· νυνὶ δὲ ἀγανακτήσεως πολλῆς ἡ ψῆφος, καὶ τιμωρίας, καὶ κολάσεως. Τί οὖν ἡ παραβολὴ βούλεται; Οὕτω ποιήσει καὶ ὑμῖν, φησὶν, ὁ Πατήρ μου, ἐὰν μὴ ἀφῆτε ἕκαστος τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν τὰ παραπτώματα αὐτῶν. Οὐ λέγει, Ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν· ἀλλ', Ὁ Πατήρ μου. Οὐ γὰρ ἄξιον τοῦ τοιούτου καλεῖσθαι Πατέρα τὸν Θεὸν, τοῦ οὕτω πονηροῦ καὶ μισανθρώπου. εʹ. ∆ύο τοίνυν ἐνταῦθα ζητεῖ, καὶ καταγινώσκειν ἡμᾶς τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων, καὶ ἑτέροις ἀφιέναι· καὶ ἐκεῖνο διὰ τοῦτο, ἵνα εὐκολώτερον τοῦτο γένηται (ὁ γὰρ τὰ ἑαυτοῦ ἐννοῶν, συγγνωμονικώτερος ἔσται τῷ συνδούλῳ)· καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἀφιέναι ἀπὸ στόματος, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ καρδίας. Μὴ δὴ καθ' ἑαυτῶν τὸ ξίφος ὠθῶμεν μνησικακοῦντες. Τί γάρ σε καὶ τοιοῦτον ἐλύπησεν ὁ λελυπηκὼς, οἷον σὺ σαυτὸν ἐργάσῃ τῆς ὀργῆς μεμνημένος, καὶ ἐπισπώμενος κατὰ σαυτοῦ τὴν καταδικάζουσάν σε παρὰ Θεοῦ ψῆφον; Ἂν μὲν γὰρ νήφῃς καὶ φιλοσοφῇς, εἰς τὴν ἐκείνου κεφαλὴν περιστήσεται τὸ δεινὸν, κἀκεῖνος ἔσται ὁ πάσχων κακῶς· ἂν δὲ μένῃς ἀγανακτῶν καὶ δυσχεραίνων, τότε αὐτὸς ὑποστήσῃ τὴν βλάβην, οὐ παρ' ἐκείνου, ἀλλὰ παρὰ σαυτοῦ. Μὴ τοίνυν λέγε, ὅτι ὕβρισε καὶ διέβαλε καὶ μυρία εἰργάσατο κακά· ὅσα γὰρ ἂν εἴπῃς, τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον δεικνύεις αὐτὸν εὐεργέτην. Ἔδωκε γὰρ ἀφορμὴν ἀπολούσασθαι τὰ ἁμαρτήματα· ὥστε ὅσῳ ἂν μείζονα ἠδικηκὼς ᾖ, τοσούτῳ μείζονος ἁμαρτημάτων ἀφέσεως αἴτιός σοι καθίσταται. Ἂν γὰρ ἐθέλωμεν, οὐδεὶς ἡμᾶς ἀδικῆσαι δυνήσεται· ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ ἐχθροὶ τὰ μέγιστα ὠφελήσουσιν ἡμᾶς. Καὶ τί λέγω τοὺς ἀνθρώπους; Τοῦ γὰρ διαβόλου τί γένοιτ' ἂν πονηρότερον; ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ ἐκεῖθεν πολλὴν ἀφορμὴν εὐδοκιμήσεως ἔχομεν, καὶ δείκνυσιν ὁ Ἰώβ. Εἰ δὲ ὁ διάβολος ἀφορμὴ γέγονε στεφάνων, τί δέδοικας ἄνθρωπον ἐχθρόν; Ὅρα οὖν ὅσα κερδαίνεις, πράως τὰς τῶν ἐχθρῶν φέρων ἐπηρείας. Πρῶτον μὲν καὶ μέγιστον, ἁμαρτημάτων ἀπαλλαγήν· δεύτερον, καρτερίαν καὶ ὑπομονήν· τρίτον, ἡμερότητα καὶ φιλανθρωπίαν. Ὁ γὰρ τοῖς λυποῦσιν οὐκ εἰδὼς ὀργίζεσθαι, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοῖς φιλοῦσιν αὐτὸν ἐπιτήδειος ἔσται. Τέταρτον, τὸ καθαρεύειν ὀργῆς διηνεκῶς· ᾧ οὐδὲν γένοιτ' ἂν ἴσον. Ὁ γὰρ ὀργῆς καθαρεύων, εὔδηλον ὅτι καὶ τῆς ἐντεῦθεν ἀθυμίας ἀπήλλακται, καὶ οὐκ ἀνα 58.595 λώσει τὸν βίον εἰς ματαιοπονίας καὶ ὀδύνας. Ὁ γὰρ οὐκ εἰδὼς ἀπεχθάνεσθαι, οὐδὲ λυπεῖσθαι οἶδεν, ἀλλὰ τρυφῆς ἀπολαύσεται καὶ μυρίων ἀγαθῶν. Ὥστε ἑαυτοὺς τιμωρούμεθα μισοῦντες ἑτέρους· ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ἑαυτοὺς εὐεργετοῦμεν ἀγαπῶντες. Πρὸς τούτοις ἅπασιν αἰδέσιμος ἔσῃ καὶ αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἐχθροῖς, κἂν δαίμονες ὦσι· μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ ἕξεις λοιπὸν ἐχθρὸν διακείμενος οὕτω. Τὸ δὲ πάντων μεῖζον καὶ πρῶτον, τὴν τοῦ