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to be introduced, and being established with great earnestness. For He did not simply bring the woman to the man, but also commanded him to leave mother and father. And He did not simply legislate to come to the woman, but also to cleave to her, by the manner of the expression showing what is inseparable. And He was not content with this, but He also sought another, greater union: For the two, He says, shall be one flesh. 2. Then, since He had read the old law, which was introduced both through deeds and through words, and showed it to be trustworthy from the One who gave it, He then Himself with authority interprets and legislates, saying: So they are no longer two, but one flesh. As it is therefore a sacrilege to cut flesh, so also is it unlawful to separate from a wife. And He did not stop here, but also brought in God, saying: What therefore God has joined together, let not man separate; showing that what is done is both contrary to nature and contrary to law; contrary to nature, because one flesh is cut in two; contrary to law, because when God has joined and commanded not to be separated, you yourselves attempt to do this. What then should have happened after this? Should they not have kept quiet, 58.598 and praised what was said? Should they not have marveled at His wisdom? Not been astonished at His harmony with the Father? But they do none of these things, but as if contending, they say: Why then did Moses command to give a bill of divorcement, and to put her away? And yet, they should not have brought this up, but He to them; but nevertheless He does not attack them, nor does He say this to them, that I am no longer responsible for this; but He resolves this also. And indeed if He were alien to the old covenant, He would not have contended on behalf of Moses; He would not have argued from the things that were done once at the beginning; He would not have been zealous to show His own teachings agreeing with the old. And yet Moses commanded many other things, both concerning foods, and concerning the sabbath; for what reason then do they nowhere bring him up, as they do here? Because they wanted to stir up the crowd of men against Him. For this was a matter of indifference to the Jews, and everyone was doing this. For this reason, though so many things were said on the mount, they now remembered this commandment only. But nevertheless the ineffable wisdom defends these things also, and says: Moses because of the hardness of your hearts legislated so. And He does not even allow him to remain under accusation, since He Himself had given him the law; but He exempts him from the charge, and turns the whole thing upon their head; which He does everywhere. For when they accused the disciples of plucking the ears of corn, He shows that they were the ones responsible; and when they brought the charge of transgression concerning not washing the hands, He shows that they were the transgressors; and in the case of the sabbath, and everywhere, and here likewise. Then, since what was said was burdensome, and brought much slander against them, He quickly brings the argument back again to the ancient law, saying what He had also said before: But from the beginning it was not so; that is, that from the beginning God legislated the opposite for us through deeds. For so that they might not say, How is it clear that Moses said this because of our hardness? He silences them again from that source. For if this were the primary and expedient law, that one would not have been given from the beginning; God, in forming man, would not have formed him so; He would not have said such things; But I say to you, that whoever divorces his wife, except for the reason of fornication, and marries another, commits adultery. For since He silenced them, He then legislates with authority, as in the case of foods, as in the case of the sabbath. For in the case of foods, having turned them back, He then spoke to the crowds, that Not that which enters in defiles a man; and in the case of the sabbath, having silenced them, He says: So it is lawful to do good on the sabbath; and here this same thing. But what happened there, also happened here. For just as there, when the Jews had been silenced, the disciples were troubled, and coming to Him with Peter said: Explain this parable to us; so now also being troubled they said: If the case of the man is so, it is better not to

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εἰσάγεσθαι, καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς κείμενος τῆς σπουδῆς. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἁπλῶς προσήγαγε τὴν γυναῖκα τῷ ἀνδρὶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ μητέρα ἀφεῖναι ἐκέλευσε καὶ πατέρα. Καὶ οὐδὲ ἐλθεῖν πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα ἁπλῶς ἐνομοθέτησεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ κολληθῆναι, τῷ τρόπῳ τῆς λέξεως τὸ ἀδιάσπαστον ἐμφαίνων. Καὶ οὐδὲ τούτῳ ἠρκέσθη, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέραν μείζονα συνάφειαν ἐπεζήτησεν· Ἔσονται γὰρ, φησὶν, οἱ δύο εἰς σάρκα μίαν. βʹ. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ τὸν παλαιὸν ἀνέγνω νόμον, τὸν καὶ διὰ πραγμάτων καὶ διὰ ῥημάτων εἰσενεχθέντα, καὶ ἀξιόπιστον ἀπὸ τοῦ δεδωκότος ἀπέφηνε, μετ' ἐξουσίας λοιπὸν καὶ αὐτὸς ἑρμηνεύει καὶ νομοθετεῖ λέγων· Ὥστε οὐκέτι εἰσὶ δύο, ἀλλὰ σὰρξ μία. Ὥσπερ οὖν σάρκα τεμεῖν ἐναγὲς, οὕτω καὶ γυναῖκα διαστῆσαι παράνομον. Καὶ οὐκ ἔστη μέχρι τούτου, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν Θεὸν ἐπήγαγε λέγων· Ὃ οὖν ὁ Θεὸς συνέζευξεν, ἄνθρωπος μὴ χωριζέτω· δεικνὺς ὅτι καὶ παρὰ φύσιν καὶ παρὰ νόμον τὸ γινόμενον· παρὰ φύσιν μὲν, ὅτι μία διατέμνεται σάρξ· παρὰ νόμον δὲ, ὅτι τοῦ Θεοῦ συνάψαντος καὶ κελεύσαντος μὴ διαχωρίζεσθαι, αὐτοὶ συνεπιτίθεσθε τοῦτο δρᾷν. Τί οὖν μετὰ ταῦτα ἐχρῆν; οὐχ ἡσυχάσαι, 58.598 καὶ ἐπαινέσαι τὸ εἰρημένον; οὐχὶ θαυμάσαι τὴν σοφίαν; οὐκ ἐκπλαγῆναι τὴν συμφωνίαν τὴν πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα; Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τούτων ποιοῦσιν, ἀλλ' ὡς δῆθεν ἐπαγωνιζόμενοί φασι· Πῶς οὖν Μωϋσῆς ἐνετείλατο δοῦναι βιβλίον ἀποστασίου, καὶ ἀπολῦσαι αὐτήν; Καίτοιγε τοῦτο λοιπὸν οὐκ αὐτοὺς ἔδει προβαλεῖν, ἀλλ' αὐτὸν αὐτοῖς· ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐκ ἐπεμβαίνει, οὐδὲ λέγει τοῦτο αὐτοῖς, ὅτι Τοῦδε οὐκ εἰμὶ λοιπὸν ὑπεύθυνος ἐγώ· ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτο διαλύεται. Καὶ μὴν εἰ ἀλλότριος ἦν τῆς παλαιᾶς, οὐκ ἂν ἠγωνίσατο ὑπὲρ Μωϋσέως· οὐκ ἂν ἀπὸ τῶν ἅπαξ ἐν ἀρχῇ γενομένων ἰσχυρίσατο· οὐκ ἂν ἐσπούδασε τὰ αὐτοῦ δεῖξαι συμβαίνοντα τοῖς παλαιοῖς. Καίτοιγε πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα Μωϋσῆς ἐκέλευσε, καὶ τὰ περὶ βρωμάτων, καὶ τὰ περὶ σαββάτου· τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν οὐδαμοῦ αὐτὸν προβάλλονται, ὡς ἐνταῦθα; Βουλόμενοι τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐπιστρατεῦσαι αὐτῷ. Καὶ γὰρ ἀδιάφορον Ἰουδαίοις τοῦτο ἦν, καὶ πάντες τοῦτό γε ἔπραττον. ∆ιὰ δὴ τοῦτο τοσούτων ἐν τῷ ὄρει λεχθέντων, ταύτης ἐμέμνηντο μόνης τῆς ἐντολῆς νῦν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως ἡ ἀπόῤῥητος σοφία καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτων ἀπολογεῖται, καί φησι· Μωϋσῆς πρὸς τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν ὑμῶν οὕτως ἐνομοθέτησε. Καὶ οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνον ἀφίησιν ὑπὸ κατηγορίαν μένειν, ἐπειδὴ καὶ τὸν νόμον αὐτὸς ἦν αὐτῷ δεδωκώς· ἀλλ' ἐξαιρεῖται αὐτὸν τοῦ ἐγκλήματος, καὶ τὸ πᾶν εἰς τὴν ἐκείνων περιτρέπει κεφαλήν· ὃ πανταχοῦ ποιεῖ. Καὶ γὰρ ὅτε τοὺς μαθητὰς τίλλοντας τοὺς στάχυας ᾐτιῶντο, δείκνυσιν αὐτοὺς ὄντας ὑπευθύνους· καὶ ὅτε παράβασιν ἐνεκάλουν περὶ τοῦ μὴ νίπτεσθαι τὰς χεῖρας, δείκνυσιν αὐτοὺς ὄντας τοὺς παραβάτας· καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ σαββάτου δὲ, καὶ πανταχοῦ, καὶ ἐνταῦθα ὁμοίως. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ φορτικὸν ἦν τὸ εἰρημένον, καὶ πολλὴν ἔφερεν αὐτοῖς τὴν διαβολὴν, ταχέως πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸν ἀρχαῖον ἀνάγει νόμον τὸν λόγον, λέγων ὅπερ καὶ ἔμπροσθεν εἶπεν· Ἀπ' ἀρχῆς δὲ οὐκ ἐγένετο οὕτω· τουτέστιν, ὅτι διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων ἡμῖν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὁ Θεὸς ἐνομοθέτησε τὰ ἐναντία. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ λέγωσι, Πόθεν δῆλον ὅτι διὰ τὴν ἡμῶν σκληρότητα τοῦτο εἶπε Μωϋσῆς; ἐκεῖθεν πάλιν αὐτοὺς ἐπιστομίζει. Εἰ γὰρ οὗτος προηγούμενος ἦν ὁ νόμος καὶ συμφέρων, οὐκ ἂν ἐκεῖνος ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐδόθη· οὐκ ἂν οὕτω πλάττων ἔπλασεν ὁ Θεός· οὐκ ἂν τοιαῦτα εἶπε· Λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν, ὅτι ὃς ἂν ἀπολύσῃ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ παρεκτὸς λόγου πορνείας, καὶ γαμήσῃ ἄλλην, μοιχᾶται. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἐπεστόμισε, μετὰ αὐθεντίας νομοθετεῖ λοιπὸν, ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τῶν βρωμάτων, ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ σαββάτου. Καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν βρωμάτων τρεψάμενος αὐτοὺς, τότε διελέχθη τοῖς ὄχλοις, ὅτι Οὐ τὸ εἰσερχόμενον κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον· καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ σαββάτου ἐπιστομίσας αὐτούς φησιν· Ὥστε ἔξεστιν ἐν σαββάτῳ καλῶς ποιεῖν· καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο. Ἀλλ' ὅπερ ἐκεῖ συνέβη, τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθα. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐκεῖ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐπιστομισθέντων οἱ μαθηταὶ ἐθορυβήθησαν, καὶ προσελθόντες αὐτῷ μετὰ Πέτρου ἔλεγον· Φράσον ἡμῖν τὴν παραβολὴν ταύτην· οὕτω καὶ νῦν θορυβηθέντες ἔλεγον· Εἰ οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ αἰτία τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, συμφέρει μὴ