John Chrysostom, On Matthew

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they did not provide a third of their substance; for three tithes put together make this. And with these also first-fruits, and first-born, and many other things; such as those for sins, for purifications, those at feasts, those in the jubilee, those in the cutting off of debts, and the release of servants, and in the loans that were free of interest. But if he who gave a third of his possessions, or rather the half (for those things, when put together with these, are half), if, then, he who gives the half works no great thing; what will he be worthy of who does not even provide the tenth? Rightly he said, 'Few are those who are saved.' 5. Let us not then despise diligence in our life. For if one part of it, when despised, brings such great destruction, when we are liable on every side to the condemning sentence, how shall we escape the punishment? And what penalty shall we not pay? And what hope of salvation do we have, he says, if each of the things enumerated threatens us with Gehenna? And I say this too: but if we pay attention, it is possible to be saved, by preparing the remedies of almsgiving, and healing the wounds. For oil does not so strengthen the body, as philanthropy both strengthens the soul, and makes it unconquerable by all, and renders it proof against the devil. For wherever he gets a hold, he slips off from then on, as this oil does not allow his holds to fasten upon our backs. With this oil, therefore, let us continually anoint ourselves. For it is the foundation of health, and the supply of light, and the occasion of cheerfulness. But so-and-so, you say, has so and so many talents of gold, and gives forth nothing. And what is that to you? For thus you will appear more admirable, when from poverty you become more generous than he. Thus Paul also marveled at the Macedonians; not because they gave, but because they gave even while they were in poverty. Do not then look to these, but to the common Teacher of all, who had nowhere to lay His head. And why, you say, does so-and-so and so-and-so not do this? Do not judge another, but deliver yourself from the accusation. For the punishment is greater, when you both accuse others, and do not do it yourself; when, judging others, you yourself are again liable to the same judgment. For 58.616 it is not permitted to judge others even when they are succeeding, much less when they are stumbling. Let us not therefore judge others, nor look to others who are negligent, but to Jesus, and from there let us draw our examples. For did I do you a kindness? For did I redeem you, that you should look to me? It is another who has provided these things to you. Why do you leave the Master, and look to your fellow-servant? Have you not heard him saying: 'Learn from me, for I am gentle and lowly in heart'? and again, 'Whoever wishes to be first among you, let him be the servant of all'? and again, 'Just as the Son of Man came not to be served, but to serve'? And after these things again, so that you might not, by stumbling over the negligent fellow-servants, remain in carelessness, drawing you away from these he says: 'I have given you an example of myself, that as I have done, you also should do.' But is there no one among the people with you who is a teacher of virtue, nor one able to lead you to these things? Therefore the praise is greater, the encomium more significant, that even without an abundance of teachers you have become admirable. For this is possible, and very easy, if we are willing; and those who first accomplished these things make this clear; such as Noah, Abraham, Melchizedek, Job, and all the people after their time; toward whom it is necessary to look each day, but not toward these, whom you never cease emulating, and bringing up in your assemblies. For I hear nothing else said everywhere but these words: 'So-and-so has acquired so and so many plethra of land, so-and-so is rich, is building.' Why do you gape, O man, at what is outside? why do you look to others? If you wish to look to others, look to those who are succeeding, those who are well-reputed, those who fulfill the law with exactness, not to those who have stumbled and are dishonored. For if you look to these, you will gather many evils from this, falling into negligence, into desperation, into condemning others;

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οὐδὲν τὸ τρίτον τῆς οὐσίας παρεῖχον· τρεῖς γὰρ δεκάται συντιθέμεναι τοῦτο ποιοῦσι. Καὶ μετὰ τούτων καὶ ἀπαρχὰς, καὶ πρωτότοκα, καὶ ἕτερα πλείονα· οἷον τὰ ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτημάτων, τὰ ὑπὲρ καθαρισμῶν, τὰ ἐν ἑορταῖς, τὰ ἐν τῷ ἰωβηλαίῳ, τὰ ἐν ταῖς τῶν χρεῶν ἀποκοπαῖς, καὶ ταῖς τῶν οἰκετῶν ἀφέσεσι, καὶ τοῖς δανείσμασι τοῖς τόκων ἀπηλλαγμένοις. Εἰ δὲ ὁ τὸ τρίτον δοὺς τῶν ὄντων, μᾶλλον δὲ τὸ ἥμισυ (μετὰ γὰρ τούτων ἐκεῖνα συντιθέμενα τὸ ἥμισύ ἐστιν), εἰ τοίνυν ὁ τὸ ἥμισυ διδοὺς, οὐδὲν μέγα ἐργάζεται· ὁ μηδὲ τὸ δέκατον παρέχων τίνος ἄξιος ἔσται; Εἰκότως ἔλεγεν, Ὀλίγοι οἱ σωζόμενοι. εʹ. Μὴ δὴ καταφρονῶμεν τῆς κατὰ τὸν βίον ἐπιμελείας. Εἰ γὰρ μέρος αὐτοῦ καταφρονούμενον ἓν τοσαύτην φέρει τὴν ἀπώλειαν, ὅταν πανταχόθεν ὦμεν ὑπεύθυνοι τῇ καταδικαζούσῃ ψήφῳ, πῶς διαφευξόμεθα τὴν κόλασιν; ποίαν δὲ οὐ τίσομεν δίκην; Καὶ ποία ἡμῖν σωτηρίας ἐλπὶς, φησὶν, εἰ τῶν ἀπηριθμημένων ἕκαστον τὴν γέενναν ἡμῖν ἀπειλεῖ; Καὶ ἐγὼ τοῦτο λέγω· Πλὴν ἐὰν προσέχωμεν, δυνατὸν σωθῆναι, τὰ τῆς ἐλεημοσύνης κατασκευάζοντας φάρμακα, καὶ τὰ τραύματα θεραπεύοντας. Οὐ γὰρ οὕτως ἔλαιον σῶμα ῥώννυσιν, ὡς φιλανθρωπία ψυχὴν καὶ ῥώννυσι, καὶ ἀχείρωτον πᾶσιν ἐργάζεται, καὶ ἀνάλωτον τῷ διαβόλῳ ποιεῖ. Ὅπου γὰρ ἂν κατάσχῃ, διολισθαίνει λοιπὸν, οὐκ ἐῶντος τοῦ ἐλαίου τούτου τοῖς νώτοις τοῖς ἡμετέροις ἐνιζάνειν τὰς ἐκείνου λαβάς. Τούτῳ τοίνυν ἑαυτοὺς συνεχῶς ἀλείφωμεν τῷ ἐλαίῳ. Καὶ γὰρ ὑγιείας ἐστὶν ὑπόθεσις, καὶ φωτὸς χορηγία, καὶ φαιδρότητος ἀφορμή. Ἀλλ' ὁ δεῖνα, φησὶ, τόσα καὶ τόσα ἔχει τάλαντα χρυσίου, καὶ οὐδὲν προΐεται. Καὶ τί τοῦτο πρὸς σέ; Οὕτω γὰρ θαυμαστότερος σὺ φανήσῃ, ὅταν ἀπὸ πενίας φιλοτιμότερος ἐκείνου γένῃ. Οὕτω καὶ Μακεδόνας ὁ Παῦλος ἐθαύμασεν· οὐχ ὅτι παρέσχον, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ ἐν πτωχείᾳ ὄντες παρέσχον. Μὴ δὴ πρὸς τούτους ἴδῃς, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸν κοινὸν ἁπάντων διδάσκαλον, ὃς οὐκ εἶχε ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλῖναι. Καὶ διατί, φησὶν, ὁ δεῖνα καὶ ὁ δεῖνα τοῦτο οὐ ποιεῖ; Μὴ κρῖνε ἕτερον, ἀλλὰ σεαυτὸν ἀπάλλαξον τῆς κατηγορίας. Ἐπεὶ μείζων ἡ κόλασις, ὅταν καὶ ἑτέροις ἐγκαλῇς, καὶ αὐτὸς μὴ ποιῇς· ὅταν ἄλλους κρίνων, τῷ αὐτῷ κρίματι πάλιν ὑπεύθυνος ᾖς καὶ αὐτός. Εἰ γὰρ 58.616 οὐδὲ κατορθοῦντας κρίνειν ἐφίεται ἑτέρους, πολλῷ μᾶλλον πταίοντας. Μὴ τοίνυν κρίνωμεν ἑτέρους, μηδὲ πρὸς ἑτέρους ῥᾳθυμοῦντας βλέπωμεν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν, καὶ ἐκεῖθεν τὰ ὑποδείγματα φέρωμεν. Μὴ γὰρ ἐγώ σε εὐηργέτησα; μὴ γὰρ ἐγώ σε ἐλυτρωσάμην, ἵνα πρὸς ἐμὲ βλέπῃς; Ἕτερός ἐστιν ὁ ταῦτά σοι παρασχών. Τί τὸν ∆εσπότην ἀφεὶς, πρὸς τὸν σύνδουλον ὁρᾷς; Οὐκ ἤκουσας αὐτοῦ λέγοντος· Μάθετε ἀπ' ἐμοῦ. ὅτι πραός εἰμι καὶ ταπεινὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ; καὶ πάλιν, Ὁ θέλων ἐν ὑμῖν εἶναι πρῶτος, ἔστω πάντων διάκονος; καὶ πάλιν, Καθὼς ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἦλθε διακονηθῆναι, ἀλλὰ διακονῆσαι; Καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα πάλιν, ἵνα μὴ προσπταίων τοῖς ῥᾳθύμοις τῶν συνδούλων μένῃς ἐν ὀλιγωρίᾳ, ἀφέλκων σε τούτων φησίν· Ὑπόδειγμα ἔδωκα ὑμῖν ἐμαυτὸν, ἵνα καθὼς ἐποίησα, καὶ ὑμεῖς ποιῆτε. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστι σοι διδάσκαλος ἀρετῆς τῶν συνόντων ἀνθρώπων οὐδεὶς, οὐδὲ οἷος εἰς ταῦτα ἐνάγειν; Οὐκοῦν πλείων ὁ ἔπαινος, μεῖζον τὸ ἐγκώμιον, ὅτι μηδὲ διδασκάλων εὐπορῶν γέγονας σὺ θαυμαστός. Καὶ γὰρ δυνατὸν τοῦτο. καὶ σφόδρα ῥᾴδιον, ἐὰν θέλωμεν· καὶ δηλοῦσιν οἱ πρῶτοι ταῦτα κατορθώσαντες· οἷον Νῶε, Ἀβραὰμ, ὁ Μελχισεδὲκ, ὁ Ἰὼβ, καὶ οἱ κατ' ἐκείνους ἅπαντες ἄνθρωποι· πρὸς οὓς ἀναγκαῖον καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ὁρᾷν. ἀλλὰ μὴ πρὸς τούτους. οὓς οὐδέποτε παύεσθε ζηλοῦντες, καὶ ἐν τοῖς συλλόγοις τοῖς ὑμετέροις περιφέροντες. Καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲν ἄλλο πανταχοῦ λεγόντων ἀκούω, ἀλλ' ἢ ταυτὶ τὰ ῥήματα· Ὁ δεῖνα ἐκτήσατο πλέθρα γῆς τόσα καὶ τόσα, ὁ δεῖνα πλουτεῖ, οἰκοδομεῖ. Τί κέχηνας, ἄνθρωπε, ἔξω; τί πρὸς ἑτέρους βλέπεις; Εἰ βούλει πρὸς ἑτέρους ἰδεῖν, τοὺς κατορθοῦντας βλέπε, τοὺς εὐδοκιμοῦντας, τοὺς τὸν νόμον μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἀποπληροῦντας, μὴ τοὺς προσκεκρουκότας καὶ ἠτιμωμένους. Ἂν γὰρ πρὸς τούτους βλέπῃς, πολλὰ ἐντεῦθεν συλλέξεις κακὰ, εἰς ῥᾳθυμίαν ἐμπίπτων, εἰς ἀπόνοιαν, εἰς τὸ καταδικάζειν ἑτέρους·