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the ten were indignant about the two. Then, when? When he rebuked them. For as long as the choice was Christ's, they were not indignant, but seeing them preferred, they accepted it and were silent, revering and honoring the Teacher; and if they were grieved in their mind, yet they did not dare to bring this out into the open. And having felt some human feeling toward Peter, when he gave the two-drachma coin, they were not displeased, but only asked, "Who then is the greatest?" But since the request here was from the disciples, they are indignant. And not even here are they indignant at once, when they asked, but when Christ rebuked them, and said that they would not enjoy the first places, unless they should show themselves worthy of these. 4. Did you see how imperfectly all were disposed, both these rising up against the ten, and those envying the two? But, as I said, show them to me after these things, and you will see them delivered from all these passions. Hear, for example, how this same John, the one who now 58.622 came forward about these things, everywhere yields the first place to Peter, both in public speaking and in wonder-working in the Acts of the Apostles. And he does not hide his good deeds, but also tells of the confession which he displayed when all were silent, and his entry into the tomb, and he puts the apostle before himself. For since both remained with him as he was being crucified, cutting short his own praise he says that that disciple was known to the priest. But James did not live for a long time; but from the beginning he was so inflamed, and having put aside all human things he ran up to an unspeakable height, so as to be slain immediately. Thus for all reasons they became foremost after this. But then they were indignant. What then does Christ do? Calling them to him, he says: The rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them. For since they had become agitated and disturbed, by his call before his word he calms them, and by drawing them near to him. For the two also, having broken away from the company of the ten, had stood nearer, speaking privately. For this reason he brings these near also; by this very act, and by publishing what was said and bringing it out to the others, soothing the passion of both these and those. And he does not restrain them now as he did before. For previously he brings children into their midst, and commands them to imitate their simplicity and their humility; but here more strikingly he shames them from the opposite, saying: The rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and the great ones exercise authority over them; but it shall not be so among you; but whoever wants to become great among you, let him be the servant of all, and whoever wants to be first, let him be the last of all; showing that such a thing, to love the first places, is for the Gentiles. For the passion is tyrannical, and continually troubles even great men; for this reason it requires a stronger blow. Therefore he also reaches them more deeply, shaming their inflamed soul by the comparison with the Gentiles; and he cuts away the envy of the one group, and the arrogance of the other, all but saying: Do not be indignant as though you have been insulted. For those who seek the first places in this way most of all harm and disgrace themselves; for they are among the last. For our ways are not like those of the outside world. For the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them; but with me, this last one is first. And that I do not say these things simply, take the proof of what has been said from what I do and suffer. For I have done something even more. For though I am King of the powers above, I willed to become a man, and I submitted to be despised, and to be insulted. And I was not content with these things, but I also came to death. For this reason he says: Just as the Son of Man came not to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many. For I did not stop at this, he says, but I even gave my life as a ransom; and for whom? For my enemies. But if you humble yourself, it is for yourself; but I, for you. Do not fear, then, as though your honor were being taken down. 58.623 For however much you may humble yourself, you cannot

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ἠγανάκτησαν οἱ δέκα περὶ τῶν δύο. Τότε, πότε; Ὅτε ἐπετίμησεν αὐτοῖς. Ἕως μὲν γὰρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἡ ψῆφος ἦν, οὐκ ἠγανάκτουν, ἀλλ' ὁρῶντες αὐτοὺς προτιμωμένους, ἔστεργον καὶ ἐσίγων, αἰδούμενοι τὸν ∆ιδάσκαλον καὶ τιμῶντες· καὶ εἰ κατὰ διάνοιαν ἤλγουν, ἀλλ' εἰς μέσον τοῦτο ἐξενεγκεῖν οὐκ ἐτόλμων. Καὶ πρὸς Πέτρον δέ τι παθόντες ἀνθρώπινον, ὅτε τὰ δίδραχμα ἔδωκεν, οὐκ ἐδυσχέραναν, ἀλλ' ἠρώτησαν μόνον, Τίς ἄρα μείζων ἐστίν; Ἐπειδὴ δὲ τῶν μαθητῶν ἐνταῦθα ἡ αἴτησις ἦν, ἀγανακτοῦσι. Καὶ οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα εὐθέως ἀγανακτοῦσιν, ὅτε ᾔτησαν, ἀλλ' ὅτε αὐτοῖς ἐπετίμησεν ὁ Χριστὸς, καὶ ἔφησεν οὐκ ἀπολαύσεσθαι τῶν πρωτείων αὐτοὺς, εἰ μὴ παράσχοιεν ἑαυτοὺς τούτων ἀξίους. δʹ. Εἶδες πῶς ἀτελέστερον πάντες διέκειντο, καὶ οὗτοι κατεξανιστάμενοι τῶν δέκα, καὶ ἐκεῖνοι φθονοῦντες τοῖς δυσίν; Ἀλλ', ὅπερ ἔφην, μετὰ ταῦτά μοι αὐτοὺς δεῖξον, καὶ ὄψει πάντων τούτων ἀπηλλαγμένους τῶν παθῶν. Ἄκουσον γοῦν πῶς οὗτος αὐτὸς ὁ Ἰωάννης, ὁ νῦν προσ 58.622 ελθὼν ὑπὲρ τούτων, πανταχοῦ τῶν πρωτείων τῷ Πέτρῳ παραχωρεῖ, καὶ δημηγοροῦντι καὶ θαυματουργοῦντι ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσι τῶν ἀποστόλων. Καὶ οὐκ ἀποκρύπτει αὐτοῦ τὰ κατορθώματα, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν ὁμολογίαν λέγει, ἣν πάντων σιγώντων ἐπεδείξατο, καὶ τὴν εἰς τὸν τάφον εἴσοδον, καὶ προτίθησιν ἑαυτοῦ τὸν ἀπόστολον. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀμφότεροι παρέμειναν σταυρουμένῳ, τὸ ἑαυτοῦ ἐγκώμιον ὑποτεμνόμενός φησιν, ὅτι Γνώριμος ἦν ὁ μαθητὴς ἐκεῖνος τῷ ἱερεῖ. Ὁ δὲ Ἰάκωβος μακρὸν μὲν οὐκ ἐπέζησε χρόνον· ἐκ προοιμίων δὲ οὕτω διεθερμάνθη, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἀνθρώπινα ἀφεὶς πρὸς ὕψος ἀνέδραμεν ἄφατον, ὡς εὐθέως σφαγῆναι. Οὕτω πάντων ἕνεκεν μετὰ ταῦτα ἄκροι ἐγένοντο. Ἀλλὰ τότε ἠγανάκτησαν. Τί οὖν ὁ Χριστός; Προσκαλεσάμενος αὐτούς φησιν· Οἱ ἄρχοντες τῶν ἐθνῶν κατακυριεύουσιν αὐτῶν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐθορυβήθησαν καὶ ἐταράχθησαν, τῇ κλήσει πρὸ τοῦ λόγου αὐτοὺς καταπραΰνει, καὶ τῷ πλησίον αὐτοὺς ἐπισπάσασθαι. Καὶ γὰρ οἱ δύο, τοῦ χοροῦ τῶν δέκα ἑαυτοὺς ἀποῤῥήξαντες, ἐγγύτερον εἱστήκεσαν ἰδιολογούμενοι. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ τούτους πλησίον ἄγει· τούτῳ τε αὐτῷ, καὶ τῷ τὸ εἰρημένον ἐκπομπεῦσαι καὶ εἰς τοὺς ἄλλους ἐξαγαγεῖν, παραμυθούμενος τὸ πάθος καὶ τούτων κἀκείνων. Καὶ οὐχ ὡς ἔμπροσθεν, οὕτω καὶ νῦν καταστέλλει. Πρότερον μὲν γὰρ παιδία ἄγει εἰς μέσον, καὶ τὸ ἀφελὲς αὐτῶν καὶ τὸ ταπεινὸν μιμεῖσθαι κελεύει· ἐνταῦθα δὲ πληκτικώτερον ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐναντίου ἐντρέπει λέγων· Οἱ ἄρχοντες τῶν ἐθνῶν κατακυριεύουσιν αὐτῶν, καὶ οἱ μεγάλοι κατεξουσιάζουσι· παρὰ δὲ ὑμῖν οὐκ ἔσται οὕτως· ἀλλ' ὁ θέλων ἐν ὑμῖν γενέσθαι μέγας, οὗτος ἔστω πάντων διάκονος, καὶ ὁ θέλων εἶναι πρῶτος, ἔστω πάντων ἔσχατος· δεικνὺς ὅτι ἐθνικῶν τὸ τοιοῦτον, τὸ τῶν πρωτείων ἐρᾷν. Καὶ γὰρ τυραννικὸν τὸ πάθος, καὶ συνεχῶς ἐνοχλοῦν καὶ μεγάλοις ἀνδράσι· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ σφοδροτέρας δεῖται πληγῆς. ∆ιὸ καὶ αὐτὸς βαθύτερον αὐτῶν καθικνεῖται, τῇ τῶν ἐθνῶν παραθέσει φλεγμαίνουσαν αὐτῶν τὴν ψυχὴν ἐντρέπων· καὶ τῶν μὲν τὸν φθόνον, τῶν δὲ τὴν ἀπόνοιαν ὑποτέμνεται, μόνον οὐχὶ λέγων· Μὴ ἀγανακτεῖτε ὡς ὑβρισμένοι. Ἑαυτοὺς γὰρ μάλιστα βλάπτουσί τε καὶ καταισχύνουσιν οἱ οὕτω τὰ πρωτεῖα ζητοῦντες· ἐν γὰρ τοῖς ἐσχάτοις εἰσίν. Οὐ γάρ ἐστι τὰ παρ' ἡμῖν οἷα τὰ ἔξωθεν. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἄρχοντες τῶν ἐθνῶν κατακυριεύουσιν αὐτῶν· παρ' ἐμοὶ δὲ ὁ ἔσχατος οὗτος πρῶτός ἐστιν. Ὅτι δὲ οὐχ ἁπλῶς ταῦτα λέγω, δι' ὧν ποιῶ καὶ πάσχω λάβε τὴν ἀπόδειξιν τῶν εἰρημένων. Ἐγὼ γάρ τι καὶ πλέον ἐποίησα. Βασιλεὺς γὰρ τῶν ἄνω δυνάμεων ὢν, ἄνθρωπος ἠβουλήθην γενέσθαι, καὶ καταφρονηθῆναι κατεδεξάμην, καὶ ὑβρισθῆναι. Καὶ οὐδὲ τούτοις ἠρκέσθην, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ θάνατον ἦλθον. ∆ιὰ τοῦτό φησιν· Ὥσπερ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἦλθε διακονηθῆναι, ἀλλὰ διακονῆσαι, καὶ δοῦναι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ λύτρον ἀντὶ πολλῶν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ μέχρι τούτου ἔστην, φησὶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἔδωκα λύτρον· καὶ ὑπὲρ τίνων; Τῶν ἐχθρῶν. Σὺ δὲ ἂν ταπεινωθῇς, ὑπὲρ σαυτοῦ· ἐγὼ δὲ ὑπὲρ σοῦ. Μὴ τοίνυν φοβηθῇς, ὡς τῆς τιμῆς σου καθαι 58.623 ρουμένης. Ὅσον γὰρ ἂν ταπεινωθῇς, οὐ δύνασαι