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to descend so far as your Master. But yet this descent has become an ascent for all, and has made His own glory to shine forth. For before He became man, He was known only to angels; but when He became man and was crucified, not only did He not diminish that glory, but He also acquired another, that from the knowledge of the whole world. Do not be afraid, then, as if your honor is being diminished if you humble yourself; for by this your glory is exalted the more; by this it becomes greater. This is the door of the kingdom. Let us not then go the opposite way, nor war against ourselves. For if we wish to appear great, we shall not be great, but even more dishonored than all. Do you see how everywhere He exhorts them by opposites, giving them what they desire? For we have shown this through many examples in what went before; and He did this also in the case of the lovers of money and the vainglorious. For for what reason, He says, do you give alms before men? That you may enjoy glory? Therefore do not do so, and you will surely enjoy it. And for what reason do you lay up treasure? That you may be rich? Therefore do not lay up treasure, and you will be rich. So also here; for what reason do you love the first places? That you may be before others? Therefore choose the last rank, and then you will enjoy the first places. So that if you wish to become great, do not seek to become great, and then you will be great. For that is to be small. 5. Do you see how He weaned them from their disease, by showing them both falling away from that, and attaining this; that they might flee the one, and pursue the other? And He mentioned the Gentiles for this reason, that by this He might also show the matter to be shameful and abominable. For it is necessary for the arrogant man to be humble, and conversely, for the humble-minded to be exalted. For this is true and genuine height, and not existing in name only, nor in title. And the one from without is of compulsion and fear; but this one is like God's. Such a man, even if he is admired by no one, remains exalted; just as that other, even if he is courted by all, is lower than all. And the one is an honor by compulsion, whence it also easily flows away; but the other is from free choice, whence it also remains firm. Since we also admire the saints for this reason, that though they were greater than all, they humbled themselves more than all. Wherefore even to this day they remain exalted, and not even death has brought down that height. But if you wish, let us also examine this very thing from reasoning. Someone is said to be high, either when this is so by the length of his body, or when he happens to be standing on a high place; and low likewise from the opposites. Let us see, then, who is such a person, the arrogant man or the moderate one; that you may see that nothing is higher than humility, and nothing is lower than arrogance. The arrogant man, then, wishes to be greater than all, and says no one is worthy of him, and whatever honor he may receive, he desires and clings to more, and considers that he has received none, and spits upon men, and yet desires honor from them; than which what could be more irrational? For this is like a riddle. For those whom he considers as nothing, by them he wishes to be glorified. Do you see how he who wishes to be exalted falls down, and stands on the ground? For that he considers all men to be nothing 58.624 in comparison with himself, he himself declares; for this is arrogance. Why then do you fall before one who is nothing? Why do you seek honor from him? Why do you lead about such crowds? Do you see one who is low and stands on a low place? Come then, let us examine the exalted one. This man knows what a man is, and that man is a great thing, and that he is the last of all, and for this reason whatever honor he may enjoy, he considers this a great thing. Therefore this man is consistent with himself, and is exalted, and does not change his verdict; for those whom he considers great, he also considers the honors from them to be great, even if they happen to be small, because he considers them to be great. But the arrogant man considers those who honor him to be nothing, yet votes the honors from them to be great. Again, the humble man is captured by no passion; anger will not be able to trouble him, nor glory

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τοσοῦτον κατελθεῖν, ὅσον ὁ ∆εσπότης σου. Ἀλλ' ὅμως ἡ κατάβασις αὕτη πάντων ἀνάβασις γέγονε, καὶ τὴν δόξαν ἐκλάμψαι πεποίηκε τὴν ἑαυτοῦ. Πρὸ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ γενέσθαι ἄνθρωπος, παρ' ἀγγέλοις ἐγνωρίζετο μόνοις· ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἄνθρωπος ἐγένετο καὶ ἐσταυρώθη, οὐ μόνον ἐκείνην οὐκ ἠλάττωσε τὴν δόξαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέραν προσέλαβε, τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς γνώσεως τῆς οἰκουμένης. Μὴ δὴ φοβηθῇς, ὡς τῆς τιμῆς σου καθαιρουμένης. ἐὰν ταπεινώσῃς σαυτόν· ταύτῃ γὰρ μᾶλλον ἐπαίρεταί σου ἡ δόξα· ταύτῃ γίνεται μείζων. Αὕτη τῆς βασιλείας ἡ θύρα. Μὴ δὴ τὴν ἐναντίαν ἔλθωμεν, μηδὲ ἑαυτοῖς πολεμῶμεν. Ἐὰν γὰρ βουληθῶμεν μεγάλοι φαίνεσθαι, οὐκ ἐσόμεθα μεγάλοι, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντων ἀτιμότεροι. Εἶδες πῶς πανταχοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐναντίων αὐτοὺς προτρέπει, διδοὺς αὐτοῖς ὅπερ ἐπιθυμοῦσι; Καὶ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν διὰ πολλῶν τοῦτο ἐδείξαμεν· καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν φιλοχρημάτων καὶ τῶν κενοδοξούντων οὕτως ἐποίησε. Τίνος γὰρ ἕνεκεν, φησὶν, ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐλεεῖς; ἵνα δόξης ἀπολαύσῃς; Οὐκοῦν μὴ ποίει οὕτω, καὶ ἀπολαύσῃ πάντως. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν θησαυρίζεις; ἵνα πλουτῇς; Οὐκοῦν μὴ θησαυρίσῃς, καὶ πλουτήσεις. Οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα· τίνος ἕνεκεν τῶν πρωτείων ἐρᾷς; ἵνα πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων ᾖς; Οὐκοῦν τὴν ἐσχάτην ἐπίλεξαι τάξιν καὶ τότε τῶν πρωτείων ἀπολαύσῃ. Ὥστε εἰ θέλεις γενέσθαι μέγας. μὴ ζήτει γενέσθαι μέγας, καὶ τότε ἔσῃ μέγας. Ἐκεῖνο γὰρ μικρόν ἐστιν εἶναι. εʹ. Ὁρᾷς πῶς αὐτοὺς ἀπήγαγε τοῦ νοσήματος, τῷ δεῖξαι καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἐκπίπτοντας, καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ἐπιτυγχάνοντας· ἵνα τὸ μὲν φύγωσι, τὸ δὲ διώκωσι. Καὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν δὲ διὰ τοῦτο ἀνέμνησεν, ἵνα καὶ ταύτῃ τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐπονείδιστον καὶ βδελυκτὸν ἀποδείξῃ. Τὸν γὰρ ἀπονενοημένον ἀνάγκη ταπεινὸν εἶναι. καὶ τοὐναντίον τὸν ταπεινόφρονα, ὑψηλόν. Τοῦτο γὰρ τὸ ὕψος τὸ ἀληθὲς καὶ γνήσιον, καὶ οὐκ ἐν ὀνόματι μόνον, οὐδὲ ἐν προσηγορίᾳ ὅν. Καὶ τὸ μὲν ἔξωθεν ἀνάγκης ἐστὶ καὶ φόβου· τοῦτο δὲ τῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ προσέοικεν. Ὁ τοιοῦτος. κἂν παρὰ μηδενὸς θαυμάζηται, ὑψηλὸς μένει· ὥσπερ οὖν ἐκεῖνος, κἂν παρὰ πάντων θεραπεύηται, πάντων ἐστὶ ταπεινότερος. Καὶ ἡ μὲν κατὰ ἀνάγκην ἐστὶ τιμὴ, ὅθεν καὶ διαῤῥεῖ ῥᾳδίως· ἡ δὲ ἐκ προαιρέσεως, ὅθεν καὶ μένει βεβαία. Ἐπεὶ καὶ τοὺς ἁγίους διὰ τοῦτο θαυμάζομεν, ὅτι πάντων ὄντες μείζους, πάντων μᾶλλον ἑαυτοὺς ἐταπείνουν. ∆ιὸ καὶ μέχρι τῆς σήμερον μένουσιν ὄντες ὑψηλοὶ, καὶ οὐδὲ ἡ τελευτὴ τὸ ὕψος ἐκεῖνο κατήνεγκεν. Εἰ δὲ βούλεσθε, καὶ ἀπὸ λογισμῶν ἐξετάσωμεν τοῦτο αὐτό. Ὑψηλὸς εἶναι λέγεταί τις, ἢ ὅταν τῷ μήκει τοῦ σώματος τοῦτο ᾖ, ἢ ὅταν ἐφ' ὑψηλοῦ τόπου ἑστηκὼς τύχῃ· καὶ ταπεινὸς ὡσαύτως ἀπὸ τῶν ἐναντίων. Ἴδωμεν οὖν τίς τοιοῦτός ἐστιν, ὁ ἀλαζὼν, ἢ ὁ μετριάζων· ἵνα ἴδῃς, ὅτι οὐδὲν ταπεινοφροσύνης ὑψηλότερον, καὶ οὐδὲν ἀλαζονείας χθαμαλώτερον. Ὁ μὲν οὖν ἀλαζὼν πάντων βούλεται εἶναι μείζων, καὶ οὐδένα ἑαυτοῦ ἄξιον εἶναί φησι, καὶ ὅσης ἂν τύχῃ τιμῆς, πλείονος ἐρᾷ καὶ ἀντέχεται, καὶ οὐδεμιᾶς τετυχηκέναι νομίζει, καὶ διαπτύει τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, καὶ τῆς παρ' αὐτῶν ἐφίεται τιμῆς· οὗ τί γένοιτ' ἂν ἀλογώτερον; Καὶ γὰρ αἰνίγματι τοῦτο ἔοικεν. Οὓς γὰρ οὐδὲν ἡγεῖται, παρὰ τούτων δοξάζεσθαι βούλεται. Εἶδες πῶς ὁ ἐπαρθῆναι βουλόμενος καταπίπτει, καὶ χαμαὶ ἕστηκεν; Ὅτι γὰρ οὐδὲν εἶναι 58.624 νομίζει πάντας ἀνθρώπους πρὸς ἑαυτὸν, αὐτὸς ἀποφαίνεται· τοῦτο γὰρ ἀλαζονεία. Τί τοίνυν πρὸς τὸν οὐδὲν ὄντα πίπτεις; τί παρ' ἐκείνου ζητεῖς τιμήν; τί τοσούτους ὄχλους περιάγεις; Ὁρᾷς ταπεινὸν καὶ ἐπὶ ταπεινοῦ ἑστηκότα; Φέρε οὖν ἐξετάσωμεν τὸν ὑψηλόν. Οἶδεν οὗτος ὅσον ἄνθρωπος, καὶ ὅτι μέγα ἄνθρωπος, καὶ ὅτι πάντων ἐστὶν ἔσχατος, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἧς ἂν ἀπολαύσῃ τιμῆς, μέγα τοῦτο τίθεται. Ὥστε οὗτος μὲν ἑαυτῷ ἀκολουθεῖ, καὶ ἔστιν ὑψηλὸς, καὶ τὴν ψῆφον οὐ μετατίθησιν· οὓς γὰρ ἡγεῖται μεγάλους, καὶ τὰς παρὰ τούτων τιμὰς μεγάλας εἶναι νομίζει, κἂν μικραὶ τύχωσιν οὖσαι, ἐπειδὴ μεγάλους ἐκείνους ἡγεῖται. Ὁ δὲ ἀλαζὼν τοὺς μὲν τιμῶντας οὐδὲν εἶναι νομίζει, τὰς δὲ παρ' αὐτῶν τιμὰς μεγάλας εἶναι ψηφίζεται. Πάλιν ὁ ταπεινὸς ὑπ' οὐδενὸς ἁλίσκεται πάθους· οὐκ ὀργὴ τούτῳ διενοχλῆσαι δυνήσεται, οὐ δόξης