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in life? and what is pleasant? For I wish to speak with you today with greater frankness; but bear with me, so that you may learn that this life which seems burdensome and grievous, I mean that of the monks and of the crucified, is much sweeter and more desirable than this one which seems to be gentle and softer. And you are witnesses of this, you who have often asked for death in the circumstances and despondencies that have befallen you, and have called blessed those in the mountains, those in the caves, those who have not married, living the quiet life, whether you are engaged in the arts, or in military campaigns, or simply living at random, and spending your days at the theater and in the orchestras. For from there, even if countless pleasures seem to gush forth and springs of joy, yet countless more bitter arrows are born. For if someone is caught by love for some maiden of those dancing there, he will undergo a harsher torment than ten thousand military campaigns, than ten thousand journeys abroad, being in a more wretched state than any besieged city. But lest we examine those things for now, leaving these matters to the conscience of those who have been captured, come, let us speak about the life of the many; and we shall find the difference between each of these two lives to be as great as the difference between a harbor and a sea constantly buffeted by winds. Consider then, right from their dwellings, the preludes of their well-being. For having fled the marketplaces and cities and the tumults in their midst, they have chosen the life in the mountains, which has nothing in common with present things, which endures nothing human, no worldly grief, no pain, no such anxiety, no dangers, no plots, no envy, no jealousy, no unseemly loves, nor anything else of that kind. From here they now practice the things of the kingdom, conversing with glens and mountains and springs, and with quiet and much tranquility, and before all these things, with God. And their small room is clean of all clamor, and their soul free from every passion and malady, subtle and light, and much purer than the subtlest air. And their work is that which Adam also had in the beginning and before sin, when he was clothed in glory, and spoke with God with boldness, and inhabited that place full of much blessedness. For in what respect are these worse off 58.644 than he was, when before the transgression he was set to work in paradise? He had no worldly care? But neither do these. He conversed with God with a pure conscience? This they also do; rather they even have a much greater boldness than he, inasmuch as they have also enjoyed greater grace through the supply of the Spirit. You ought, then, to have received these things by sight; but since you are not willing, but spend your time in tumults and marketplaces, let us at least teach you by word, taking one part of their way of life; for it is not possible to go through their entire life. These luminaries of the world, when the sun rises, or rather long before its ray, rising from their bed, healthy and watchful and sober; (for neither any grief and care, nor heaviness of the head and toil and press of business, nor anything else of the sort troubles them, but they live as angels in heaven) rising then straightway from their bed cheerful and rejoicing; and forming one choir, with a cheerful conscience they all harmoniously, as if from one mouth, sing hymns to the God of all, both honoring him and giving thanks to him for all things, both for his particular and for his common benefactions. So that, if you please, leaving Adam aside, we will ask how this choir of those on earth, singing and saying, differs from the angels: Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men. And their dress is also worthy of their manliness. For they are not indeed arrayed like those with trailing tunics and the effeminate and broken-down; but like those blessed angels, like Elijah, like Elisha, like John, like the apostles; their garments being made, for some from goats' hair, for others from camels' hair; and there are some for whom skins alone sufficed, and

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βίῳ; τί δὲ τερπνόν; Μετὰ γὰρ παῤῥησίας ὑμῖν πλείονος διαλεχθῆναι βούλομαι σήμερον· ἀλλὰ ἀνάσχεσθε, ἵνα μάθητε ὅτι ὁ δοκῶν οὗτος φορτικὸς εἶναι βίος καὶ ἐπαχθὴς, ὁ τῶν μοναχῶν λέγω καὶ τῶν ἐσταυρωμένων, πολὺ τούτου τοῦ δοκοῦντος εἶναι προσηνοῦς καὶ ἁπαλωτέρου γλυκύτερός ἐστι καὶ ποθεινότερος. Καὶ τούτου μάρτυρες ὑμεῖς, οἱ θάνατον πολλάκις αἰτήσαντες ἐν ταῖς καταλαβούσαις ὑμᾶς περιστάσεσι καὶ ἀθυμίαις, καὶ ἐκείνους μακαρίσαντες τοὺς ἐν ὄρεσι, τοὺς ἐν σπηλαίοις, τοὺς μὴ γεγαμηκότας, τὸν ἀπράγμονα βίον ζῶντας, οἵ τε ἐν ταῖς τέχναις, οἵ τε ἐν ταῖς στρατείαις, οἵ τε ἁπλῶς ζῶντες καὶ εἰκῆ, καὶ ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ διημερεύοντες καὶ ταῖς ὀρχήστραις. Καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖθεν, εἰ καὶ μυρίαι ἡδοναὶ βρύειν δοκοῦσι καὶ εὐφροσύνης πηγαὶ, ἀλλὰ μυρία τίκτεται πικρότερα βέλη. Ἂν γὰρ ἁλῷ τις ἔρωτι κόρης τινὸς τῶν ὀρχουμένων ἐκεῖ, ὑπὲρ μυρίας στρατείας, ὑπὲρ μυρίας ἀποδημίας χαλεπωτέραν ὑποστήσεται βάσανον, πάσης πόλεως πολιορκουμένης ἀθλιώτερον διακείμενος. Πλὴν ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ ἐκεῖνα ἐξετάσωμεν τέως, τῷ συνειδότι ταῦτα ἀφέντες τῶν ἑαλωκότων, φέρε περὶ τοῦ τῶν πολλῶν διαλεχθῶμεν βίου· καὶ τοσοῦτον εὑρήσομεν τὸ μέσον ἑκατέρας τῆς ζωῆς ταύτης, ὅσον λιμένος καὶ πελάγους συνεχῶς ἀνέμοις διακοπτομένου τὸ διάφορον. Σκόπει δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν καταγωγίων εὐθέως τὰ προοίμια τῆς εὐημερίας. Ἀγορὰς γὰρ καὶ πόλεις καὶ τοὺς ἐν μέσῳ φυγόντες θορύβους, τὸν ἐν ὄρεσι βίον εἵλοντο, τὸν οὐδὲν ἔχοντα κοινὸν πρὸς τὰ παρόντα, τὸν οὐδὲν ἀνθρώπινον ὑπομένοντα, οὐ λύπην βιωτικὴν, οὐκ ὀδύνην, οὐ φροντίδα τοσαύτην, οὐ κινδύνους, οὐκ ἐπιβουλὰς, οὐ βασκανίαν, οὐ ζηλοτυπίαν, οὐκ ἔρωτας ἀτόπους, οὐκ ἄλλο τῶν τοιούτων οὐδέν. Ἐντεῦθεν ἤδη τὰ τῆς βασιλείας μελετῶσι, νάπαις ὁμιλοῦντες καὶ ὄρεσι καὶ πηγαῖς, καὶ ἡσυχίᾳ καὶ ἠρεμίᾳ πολλῇ, καὶ πρὸ τούτων ἁπάντων τῷ Θεῷ. Καὶ παντὸς μὲν θορύβου τὸ δωμάτιον αὐτοῖς καθαρὸν, παντὸς δὲ πάθους ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ νοσήματος ἐλευθέρα, λεπτὴ καὶ κούφη, καὶ τοῦ λεπτοτάτου ἀέρος σφόδρα καθαρωτέρα. Ἔργον δὲ αὐτοῖς, ὅπερ ἦν καὶ τῷ Ἀδὰμ παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ πρὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὅτε τὴν δόξαν ἠμφιεσμένος ἦν, καὶ τῷ Θεῷ μετὰ παῤῥησίας ὡμίλει, καὶ τὸ χωρίον ἐκεῖνο τὸ πολλῆς γέμον μακαριότητος ᾤκει. Τί γὰρ οὗτοι χεῖρον 58.644 ἐκείνου διάκεινται, ὅτε πρὸ τῆς παρακοῆς ἐτέθη ἐργάζεσθαι τὸν παράδεισον; Οὐδεμία φροντὶς ἦν αὐτῷ βιωτική; ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τούτοις. Θεῷ διελέγετο μετὰ καθαροῦ συνειδότος; τοῦτο καὶ οὗτοι· μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ πολλῷ μείζονα ἔχουσι παῤῥησίαν ἐκείνου, ὅσῳ καὶ μείζονος ἀπολελαύκασι χάριτος διὰ τῆς τοῦ Πνεύματος χορηγίας. Ἐχρῆν μὲν οὖν ὑμᾶς ὄψει ταῦτα παραλαμβάνειν· ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὐ βούλεσθε, ἀλλ' ἐν θορύβοις καὶ ἀγοραῖς διατρίβετε, κἂν λόγῳ γοῦν διδάξωμεν ὑμᾶς, ἓν μέρος ἀπολαβόντες αὐτῶν τῆς διαγωγῆς· πάντα γὰρ οὐ δυνατὸν ἐπελθεῖν τὸν ἐκείνων βίον. Οὗτοι οἱ φωστῆρες τῆς οἰκουμένης, ἐπειδὰν ἥλιος ἀνίσχῃ, μᾶλλον δὲ πολλῷ πρὸ τῆς ἀκτῖνος, ἀπὸ τῆς εὐνῆς ἀναστάντες, ὑγιεῖς καὶ ἐγρηγορότες καὶ νήφοντες· (οὔτε γὰρ λύπη τις καὶ φροντὶς, οὔτε καρηβαρία καὶ πόνος καὶ πραγμάτων ὄχλος, οὐκ ἄλλο τι τῶν τοιούτων οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς ἐνοχλεῖ, ἀλλ' ὡς ἄγγελοι διάγουσιν ἐν οὐρανῷ) ἀναστάντες τοίνυν εὐθέως ἀπὸ τῆς εὐνῆς φαιδροὶ καὶ γεγηθότες; καὶ χορὸν ἕνα στησάμενοι, ἐν φαιδρῷ τῷ συνειδότι συμφώνως ἅπαντες ὥσπερ ἐξ ἑνὸς στόματος, ὕμνους εἰς τὸν τῶν ὅλων ᾄδουσι Θεὸν, γεραίροντές τε αὐτὸν, καὶ χάριν εἰδότες ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων αὐτῷ, τῶν τε ἰδίων, τῶν τε κοινῶν εὐεργετημάτων. Ὥστε, εἰ δοκεῖ, τὸν Ἀδὰμ ἀφέντες, ἐρωτήσομεν τί τῶν ἀγγέλων οὗτος διέστηκεν ὁ χορὸς τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς ᾀδόντων καὶ λεγόντων· ∆όξα ἐν ὑψίστοις Θεῷ, καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη. ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκία. Καὶ ἡ στολὴ δὲ αὐτοῖς τῆς ἀνδρίας ἀξία. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ κατὰ τοὺς ἑλκεχίτωνας καὶ ἐκνενευρισμένους καὶ διακλωμένους εἰσὶν ἐστολισμένοι· ἀλλὰ κατὰ τοὺς μακαρίους ἐκείνους ἀγγέλους, τὸν Ἠλίαν, τὸν Ἐλισσαῖον, τὸν Ἰωάννην, κατὰ τοὺς ἀποστόλους· τῶν ἱματίων κατεσκευασμένων αὐτοῖς, τοῖς μὲν ἀπὸ τριχῶν αἰγῶν, τοῖς δὲ ἀπὸ τριχῶν καμήλων· εἰσὶ δὲ οἷς Καὶ δέρματα ἤρκεσε μόνον, καὶ