435

anyone who has investigated from eternity and throughout the generations will know the power of the truth of the perfect knowledge of our Savior and of his equality with the Father. But these men, clothed with a Jewish mentality, are irritated and are indignant with the Son of God, just as those others said: "It is for no evil work that we are stoning you, but because you, being a man, call yourself the Son of God, making yourself equal to God." So too these men, having fallen into the same affliction as the Pharisees and Jews, are indignant, not willing to say the Son is equal to the one who begot him. For consider for me the precision of the scriptures, that nowhere has the divine scripture said this saying before the incarnate presence, but the Father says to the Son, "Let us make man," calling the Son a co-creator and showing him to be genuine according to equality. And nowhere has the Son said "my God and your God" * "And Adam heard the voice of God walking in paradise," and "God spoke to Noah: 'Make for yourself an ark of undecaying wood'," and "the Lord rained from the Lord," and "the Lord said to Moses, 'I am the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob'," and David says, "the Lord said to my Lord, sit at my right hand"; and nowhere did the Lord say "my God and your God." But when he took our body "and was seen upon earth and conversed with men" and was numbered among us, then to his disciples, to whom he ought to have been made like in all things, without sin, he said, "my God and your God, and my Father and your Father"; "my Father" according to nature in his divinity, and "your Father" through grace, through me, in your adoption as sons; and "my God," because I have taken your flesh, and "your God" according to nature and truth. And so all things are clear and transparent, and have no appearance of contradiction or fatal intricacy in the divine scripture, as these men pretend, devising evil for themselves. But I think again that the expression is sufficient for this point, and now I will move on to the other matters. 3.203 56. For they say the Holy Spirit is in turn a creature of a creature because "through the Son all things were made," as the scripture said, unintelligently snatching certain things, not holding the saying as it was spoken, but supposing it evilly and, from the saying, misinterpreting what was well said according to their own evil supposition. For the divine gospel did not say this concerning the Spirit, but concerning all created things, that if anything is created, it was made through the Word and by the Word. For "All things were made through him, and without him was not anything made"; with the reading extended, it has "that was made," so that it might be known thus: that all things were made through him, and without him was not anything made. Then again, "In him was life"; for in this too the sequence of Saint John had to be fulfilled, in the one who is the things that are not † having been fulfilled, always confessing. "For in the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." Since it was "was" and "was" and "was," and "in him was life" and "the true light was" and "he was in the world" and so many others *, through this "was" from the Holy Spirit the blessed John clarifies the "all things that were made, were made through him"; but he who made all things is himself above the things that were made. But the scripture says all things were made through him, but did not name what things were made. For there was nowhere a suspicion of wickedness, lest some might suppose things that are not and blaspheme the immutable and unchangeable Holy Spirit of God. For because of them the Lord says that "if anyone speaks a word against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him; but if anyone should speak against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven him, neither here nor in the age to come." For the entirety of their argument is foolish. But according to their blasphemous supposition, one might contradict them and say: O noble sophists and distorters of words, you who wish to number the Holy Spirit of God with the things that were made, because of the saying "through him all things were made," from

435

ἀνερευνήσας ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰῶνος καὶ κατὰ γενεὰν εἴσεται τῆς ἀληθείας τῆς τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν τελείας γνώσεως καὶ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα ἰσότητος τὴν δύναμιν. κνίζονται δὲ οὗτοι Ἰουδαϊκῷ φρονήματι περιβεβλημένοι καὶ ἀγανακτοῦσι τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ θεοῦ, καθάπερ ἐκεῖνοι ἔλεγον· ὅτι «δι' οὐδὲν πονηρόν σε λιθάζομεν, ἀλλ' ὅτι ἄνθρωπος ὢν υἱὸν θεοῦ σεαυτὸν ὀνομάζεις, ἴσον τῷ θεῷ ποιῶν σεαυτόν.» οὕτω καὶ οὗτοι τῷ αὐτῷ πάθει τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Ἰουδαίων περιπεσόντες ἀγανακτοῦσι, μὴ θέλοντες λέγειν τὸν υἱὸν ἴσον τῷ γεγεννηκότι. ὅρα γάρ μοι τὴν τῶν γραφῶν ἀκρίβειαν, ὅτι οὐδαμοῦ εἴρηκεν ἡ θεία γραφὴ τὸν λόγον τοῦτον πρὸ τῆς ἐνσάρκου παρουσίας, ἀλλ' ὁ πατὴρ τῷ υἱῷ «ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον» λέγει, συνδημιουργὸν καλῶν τὸν υἱὸν καὶ γνήσιον δεικνὺς κατ' ἰσότητα. καὶ οὐδαμοῦ εἴρηκεν ὁ υἱὸς «θεόν μου καὶ θεὸν ὑμῶν» * «καὶ ἤκουσεν Ἀδὰμ τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ θεοῦ περιπατοῦντος ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ», καὶ «ἐλάλησεν ὁ θεὸς τῷ Νῶε· ποίησον σεαυτῷ κιβωτὸν ἐκ ξύλων ἀσήπτων», καὶ «ἔβρεξε κύριος παρὰ κυρίου», καὶ «εἶπε κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν· ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ καὶ ὁ θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ καὶ ὁ θεὸς Ἰακώβ», καὶ ∆αυὶδ λέγει «εἶπεν ὁ κύριος τῷ κυρίῳ μου, κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου»· καὶ οὐδαμοῦ εἶπεν ὁ κύριος «θεόν μου καὶ θεὸν ὑμῶν». ὅτε δὲ ἔλαβε τὸ ἡμέτερον σῶμα «καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ὤφθη καὶ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις συνανεστράφη» καὶ ἐν ἡμῖν κατελογίσθη, τότε πρὸς τοὺς αὐτοῦ μαθητάς, πρὸς οὓς ὤφειλε κατὰ πάντα ὁμοιωθῆναι χωρὶς ἁμαρτίας, θεόν μου ἔλεγε καὶ θεὸν ὑμῶν, καὶ πατέρα μου καὶ πατέρα ὑμῶν· πατέρα μου μὲν κατὰ φύσιν ἐν τῇ θεότητι καὶ πατέρα ὑμῶν διὰ χάριν δι' ἐμὲ ἐν τῇ υἱοθεσίᾳ, θεόν μου δέ, ὅτι τὸ ὑμέτερον σαρκίον εἴληφα, καὶ θεὸν ὑμῶν κατὰ φύσιν καὶ ἀλήθειαν. καὶ οὕτω πάντα ἐστὶ σαφῆ καὶ διαυγῆ καὶ οὐδὲν ἐναντίον οὐδὲ θανάτου παραπλοκῆς ἔχον εἶδος ἐν τῇ θείᾳ γραφῇ, ὡς οὗτοι προφασίζονται, πονηρὰ ἑαυτοῖς ἐπινοοῦντες. νομίζω δὲ πάλιν καὶ πρὸς τοῦτο ἱκανῶς ἔχειν τὴν φράσιν, ἐπὶ δὲ τὰ ἄλλα λοιπὸν ἐπελεύσομαι. 3.203 56. Τὸ ἅγιον γὰρ πνεῦμα κτίσμα πάλιν κτίσματός φασιν εἶναι διὰ τὸ «διὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ τὰ πάντα γεγενῆσθαι», ὡς εἶπεν ἡ γραφή, ἀσυνέτως τινὰς διαρπάζοντες, οὐ καθὼς εἴρηται τὸ ῥητὸν ἔχοντες, ἀλλὰ κακῶς ὑπονοοῦντες καὶ ἀπὸ ῥητοῦ τὸ καλῶς εἰρημένον κατὰ τὴν κακὴν αὐτῶν ὑπόνοιαν παρερμηνεύοντες. οὐ γὰρ τὸ θεῖον εὐαγγέλιον περὶ τοῦ πνεύματος ἔφη, ἀλλὰ περὶ πάντων τῶν κεκτισμένων, ὅτι εἴ τι κτιστόν, διὰ τοῦ λόγου γεγένηται καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ λόγου. τὸ γὰρ «πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν»· παρεκτεινομένης τῆς ἀναγνώσεως ἔχει «ὃ γέγονεν», ἵνα οὕτω γνωσθῇ ὅτι πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν. εἶτα πάλιν «ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν»· ἔδει γὰρ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ πληρωθῆναι τὴν τοῦ ἁγίου Ἰωάννου ἀκολουθίαν, ἐν τῷ ὄντι τὰ μὴ ὄντα † πεπληρωμένος ἀεὶ ὁμολογοῦντος. «ἐν ἀρχῇ γὰρ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεὸν καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος». ἐπειδὴ ἦν καὶ ἦν καὶ ἦν, καὶ τὸ «ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν» καὶ τὸ «ἦν τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινὸν» καὶ τὸ «ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἦν» καὶ ὅσα *, διὰ τούτου «ἦν» ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου σαφηνίζει ὁ μακάριος Ἰωάννης τὸ «πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο τὰ γενόμενα»· ἀνωτέρω δὲ τῶν γενομένων αὐτὸς ὁ τὰ πάντα ποιήσας. λέγει δὲ ἡ γραφὴ δι' αὐτοῦ πάντα γεγονέναι, οὐκ ὠνόμασε δὲ ποῖα ἔστι τὰ γεγονότα. ὑπόνοια γὰρ οὐδαμοῦ ἦν πονηρίας, ἵνα μή τινες ὑπονοήσωσι τὰ μὴ ὄντα καὶ βλασφημήσωσι τὸ ἄτρεπτον καὶ ἀναλλοίωτον ἅγιον θεοῦ πνεῦμα. δι' αὐτοὺς γάρ φησι ὁ κύριος ὅτι «ἐάν τις εἴπῃ λόγον εἰς τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ· ἐὰν δέ τι εἴποι εἰς τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ οὐδὲ ὧδε οὐδὲ ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι αἰῶνι». ἠλίθιον γάρ ἐστι τὸ πᾶν τοῦ αὐτῶν λόγου. κατὰ δὲ τὴν βλάσφημον αὐτῶν ὑπόνοιαν ἀντιλέξειέν τις αὐτοῖς καὶ εἴποι· ὦ γενναῖοι σοφισταὶ καὶ τῶν λόγων διαστροφεῖς, οἱ βουλόμενοι σὺν τοῖς γεγονόσιν ἀριθμεῖν τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ, διὰ τὸ ῥητὸν τὸ «δι' αὐτοῦ τὰ πάντα ἐγένετο», ἀπὸ