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the divine word saying that "And God made man, taking dust from the earth". Since, he says, it said that he made man from the earth, see that it most truly called the whole earthy thing man; therefore, it foretold that the earthy thing itself would be in the image of God. And this is repulsive, as I said, and unlearned, to define according to man in what part of man the "in the image" is placed, if one ought to speak of a part at all, on account of the many things that contradict human understanding concerning this saying and that hold a multitude of questions. For either we will make God visible and corporeal, if indeed the "in the image" is fulfilled corporeally in the body and not figuratively, or we make man equal to God by asserting this. Therefore, one must not define at all or insist in what part the "in the image" is fulfilled, but confess that the "in the image" is in man, so that we may not reject the grace of God and disbelieve God. For whatever God says, these things happen to be true, even if it has escaped our understanding in a few words. To deny this "in the image," therefore, is not faithful nor of the holy church of God. For every man is clearly in the image, and no one of those who have hope in God will deny it, unless some fashion myths for themselves, being cast out of the church and from the tradition of the fathers from the prophets and the law and the apostles and the evangelists. 3.235 3. Therefore, those who are more contentiously disposed in this matter themselves also step outside the tradition according to the ecclesiastical foundation, which believes that every man is in the image, but does not attempt to define in what part the "in the image" is placed, nor can those who treat of these things mythically or who deny them prove it. For some say that the "in the image" is fulfilled in the soul, thinking they can reason only about that which concerns the flesh, and such people do not know that what concerns the soul is reasoned, if one must pay attention to reasonings and not simply approach God with a simple mind and believe, that the things spoken by God are truth, but are known only to him who knows all truth. But others say it is neither in the soul nor in the body, but that virtue is the "in the image". And others assert that it is not virtue, but baptism and the grace in baptism, supposedly from the saying that states "as we have borne the image of the earthy, let us also bear the image of the heavenly". But others again do not want this, but wish to say that the "in the image" was in Adam at that time, until he fell into disobedience and ate from the tree and was cast out. And from when he was cast out, he lost the "in the image". And there is much myth-making of men, to whom one must not "yield even for an hour", neither to these nor to those, who speak this way or that, but to believe that the "in the image" is in man, and especially in the whole, and not simply in some part. But where it is or where the "in the image" is fulfilled, is known to God alone, who by grace gave to man the "in the image". For man did not lose the "in the image", but if anything, he vulgarized the "in the image", defiling himself with indifferent matters and incurable sins. For behold, after Adam he says to Noah, "behold, I have given you everything as the plants of the field, sacrifice and eat, do not eat flesh with the blood of the soul, for I will require your souls. Whoever sheds the blood of man on the earth, for his blood his blood shall be shed, because in the image of God I made man, and I will require your blood from everyone who sheds it upon the face of the earth". And do you see that the "in the image" is said to be in man after the tenth generation from the creation of Adam? And at the same time David also, after a long time, says 3.236 in the holy spirit: "All things are vanity, every living man; yet man walks about in an image", but also in succession after him the

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λέγων ὁ θεῖος λόγος ὅτι «καὶ ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον χοῦν λαβὼν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς». ἐπειδή, φησίν, εἶπεν ὅτι ἐποίησεν ἄνθρωπον ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, ὅρα ὅτι ἀληθέστατα ὅλον τὸ χοϊκὸν εἶπεν ἄνθρωπον· ἄρα γε αὐτὸ τὸ χοϊκὸν προέλεγεν ἔσεσθαι κατ' εἰκόνα θεοῦ. καὶ ἔστι τοῦτο ἀπόκροτον, ὡς ἔφην, καὶ ἰδιωτικόν, τὸ ὁρίζεσθαι κατ' ἄνθρωπον ἐν ποίῳ μέρει τέτακται τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα εἰ χρὴ ὅλως μέρος λέγειν, διὰ τὰ πολλὰ τὰ ἀντιπίπτοντα τῇ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐννοίᾳ κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο καὶ ἔχοντα ζητημάτων πληθύν. ἢ γὰρ ποιήσομεν τὸν θεὸν ὁρατόν τε καὶ σωματικόν, εἴπερ ἐν τῷ σώματι τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα πληροῦται σωματικῶς καὶ οὐκ ἐσχηματισμένως, ἢ ἄνθρωπον τῷ θεῷ ἐξισοῦμεν τοῦτο φάσκοντες. διὸ οὐ χρὴ πάντως ὁρίζειν ἢ διισχυρίζεσθαι ἐν ποίῳ μέρει τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα πληροῦται, ἀλλ' ὁμολογεῖν μὲν τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα εἶναι ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ, ἵνα μὴ τὴν χάριν τοῦ θεοῦ ἀθετήσωμεν καὶ ἀπιστήσωμεν θεῷ. ὅσα μὲν γὰρ λέγει ὁ θεός, ταῦτα ἀληθῆ τυγχάνει, εἰ καὶ ἐξέφυγε τὴν ἡμῶν ἔννοιαν ἐν ὀλίγοις λόγοις. ἀρνήσασθαι οὖν τοῦτο τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα οὐ πιστὸν οὔτε τῆς ἁγίας τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκκλησίας. ἔστι γὰρ πᾶς ἄνθρωπος σαφῶς κατ' εἰκόνα, καὶ οὐδεὶς τῶν ἐχόντων εἰς θεὸν τὴν ἐλπίδα ἀρνήσεται, εἰ μὴ ἄν τινες ἑαυτοῖς μύθους πλάσσουσιν ἐκβαλλόμενοι τῆς ἐκκλησίας καὶ τῆς τῶν πατέρων ἐκ προφητῶν τε καὶ νόμου καὶ ἀποστόλων καὶ εὐαγγελιστῶν παραδόσεως. 3.235 3. Ὥστε οὖν ἐκεῖνοι φιλονεικότερον ἐν τούτῳ διακείμενοι ἐκτὸς καὶ αὐτοὶ βαίνουσι τῆς κατὰ τὴν ἐκκλησιαστικὴν ὑπόθεσιν παραδόσεως, τῆς πιστευούσης κατ' εἰκόνα μὲν εἶναι πάντα ἄνθρωπον, μὴ ὁρίζειν δὲ ἐπιχειρούσης ἐν ποίῳ τέτακται τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα, μήτε ἐχόντων τῶν μυθωδῶς περὶ τούτων διαλαμβανόντων εἴτ' οὖν ἀρνουμένων δεῖξαι. οἱ μὲν γὰρ λέγουσιν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ πληροῦσθαι τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα, νομίζοντες τὸ κατὰ τὴν σάρκα μόνον συλλογίσασθαι δύνασθαι, καὶ οὐκ ἴσασιν οἱ τοιοῦτοι ὅτι τὸ κατὰ ψυχὴν συλλογίζεται, εἰ χρὴ συλλογισμοῖς προσέχειν καὶ μὴ ἁπλῶς ἁπλῇ τῇ διανοίᾳ θεῷ προσιέναι καὶ πιστεύειν, ὅτι τὰ ὑπὸ θεοῦ εἰρημένα ἐστὶν ἀλήθεια, αὐτῷ δὲ μόνῳ ἐγνωσμένα τῷ τὴν πᾶσαν ἀλήθειαν εἰδότι. ἄλλοι δὲ λέγουσιν οὔτε ἐν ψυχῇ οὔτε ἐν σώματι, ἀλλὰ ἀρετὴν εἶναι τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα. ἕτεροι δὲ φάσκουσι μὴ εἶναι τὴν ἀρετήν, ἀλλὰ τὸ βάπτισμα καὶ τὸ χάρισμα τὸ ἐν τῷ βαπτίσματι, δῆθεν ἐκ τοῦ ῥητοῦ τοῦ εἰρημένου «καθὼς ἐφορέσαμεν τὴν εἰκόνα τοῦ χοϊκοῦ φορέσωμεν καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα τοῦ ἐπουρανίου». ἄλλοι δὲ πάλιν τοῦτο οὐ βούλονται, ἀλλὰ θέλουσι λέγειν τότε μὲν εἶναι τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα ἐν τῷ Ἀδάμ, ἕως ὅτε ἐν παρακοῇ γέγονε καὶ βέβρωκεν ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου καὶ ἐξεώθη. ἀφ' οὗ δὲ ἐξεώθη, ἀπώλεσε τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα. καὶ πολλή τίς ἐστι τῶν ἀνθρώπων μυθοποιία, οἷς οὐ χρὴ «οὐδὲ πρὸς ὥραν εἶξαι», οὔτε τούτοις οὔτε ἐκείνοις, τοῖς οὕτω ἢ οὕτω λέγουσιν, ἀλλ' εἶναι μὲν πιστεύειν ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα, ἐν παντὶ δὲ μάλιστα καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἔν τινι μέρει. ποῦ δέ ἐστιν ἢ ποῦ πεπλήρωται τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα, αὐτῷ μόνῳ ἔγνωσται τῷ θεῷ, τῷ κατὰ χάριν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ δωρησαμένῳ τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα. οὔτε γὰρ ἀπώλεσεν ὁ ἄνθρωπος τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα, ἀλλ' εἰ ἄρα ἐχυδαίωσε τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα, μολύνας ἑαυτὸν ἐν ἀδιαφόροις πράγμασι καὶ ἀνηκέστοις ἁμαρτίαις. ἰδοὺ γὰρ μετὰ τὸν Ἀδὰμ τῷ Νῶε λέγει «ἰδοὺ δέδωκά σοι πάντα ὡς λάχανα ἀγροῦ, θῦσον καὶ φάγε, μὴ φάγε σάρκα ἐν αἵματι ψυχῆς, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐκζητήσω τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν. πᾶς ὁ ἐκχέων αἷμα ἀνθρώπου ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἀντὶ τοῦ αἵματος αὐτοῦ ἐκχυθήσεται τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἐν εἰκόνι θεοῦ ἐποίησα τὸν ἄνθρωπον, καὶ ἐγὼ ἐκζητήσω τὸ αἷμα ὑμῶν ἐκ παντὸς τοῦ ἐκχέοντος αὐτὸ ἐπὶ πρόσωπον τῆς γῆς». καὶ ὁρᾷς ὅτι ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ λέγεται τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα μετὰ δεκάτην γενεὰν τοῦ τὸν Ἀδὰμ πλασθῆναι; ἅμα δὲ καὶ ∆αυὶδ μετὰ πολὺν χρόνον λέγει 3.236 ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ· «τὰ σύμπαντα ματαιότης, πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ζῶν· μέντοιγε ἐν εἰκόνι διαπορεύεται ἄνθρωπος», ἀλλὰ καὶ καθεξῆς μετὰ τοῦτον ὁ