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How seasonably he also mentioned Abel, showing that this murder is also of envy. What then could you have to say? For did you not know what Cain suffered? For did God remain quiet about what had happened? For did He not exact the most severe justice? For have you not heard how much your fathers suffered, having killed the prophets? Were they not given over to countless punishments and retributions? How then did you not become better? And why do I speak of the punishments of your fathers, and what they suffered? You yourself who condemned your fathers, how do you do worse? For you yourselves also declared, that He will miserably destroy wicked men. What pardon then will you have, daring such things after such a verdict? But who is this Zacharias? Some say the father of John; others, the prophet; and others, some other priest with two names, whom the Scripture also calls Joda. But consider this, that the audacity was twofold. For they not only killed holy men, but also in a holy place. And saying these things, he not only frightened them, but also comforted the disciples, showing that the righteous before them had also suffered these things. And he frightened these, foretelling that just as those paid the penalty, so also these will suffer the uttermost. For this reason he calls them prophets and wise men and scribes, and from this again takes away all their defense. For you cannot say, he says, that "You sent them from the Gentiles, and for this reason we were scandalized"; but being murderous and thirsting for blood led to this. Wherefore he also said beforehand, that "For this reason I send prophets and scribes." This all the prophets also charged against them, saying, "They mingle blood with blood"; and that they are men of blood. For this reason he also commanded that the blood 58.682 be offered to him, showing that if it is so precious in the case of an irrational animal, much more so in the case of a man. Which he also says to Noah: "I will avenge all blood that is shed." And one can find countless other such commands for them not to kill; wherefore he also forbade them to eat what was strangled. O, the philanthropy of God, that even foreknowing they would gain nothing, he nevertheless did his part! "For I send them," he says, "even knowing that they will be slaughtered." So that from this too they were convicted for saying in vain: "We would not have been partners with our fathers." For these also killed prophets even in the synagogues; and they respected neither the place itself, nor the dignity of the persons. For they did not simply kill any chance persons, but prophets and wise men, so that they had no charge against them. And by these, he means the apostles and those after them; for many did prophesy. Then wishing to increase the fear, he says: "Amen, amen I say to you, all these things shall come upon this generation"; that is, "I will turn everything upon your heads, and I will make the vengeance severe." For he who knows many have sinned, and is not corrected, but also sins the same things again himself, and not only the same things, but also things much more grievous, would be justly required to pay a much more grievous penalty than they. For just as, if he had wished, he would have gained greatly by becoming better through the examples of others; so, since he remained uncorrected, he is liable to greater punishment, having enjoyed more admonition through those who sinned and were punished before him, and having profited nothing. γʹ. Then he turns his discourse to the city, wishing by this to instruct the hearers, and says: "Jerusalem, Jerusalem." What does the doubling mean? This is the figure of one pitying and lamenting her, and loving her intensely. For as if to a beloved, loved always, but who has despised her lover, and for this reason is about to be punished, he then makes his defense, being about to bring on the punishment. Which he also does in the prophets, saying: "I said, Return to me, and she did not return." Then having called her, he also speaks of her blood-guiltiness: "You who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you, how often I wanted to gather your children, and you were not willing?" and by this defending himself, that "Not even by these things did you turn me away, nor did you cause me to desist from my great good-will toward you, but

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πῶς εὐκαίρως καὶ τοῦ Ἄβελ ἀνέμνησε, δεικνὺς ὅτι φθόνου καὶ οὗτος ὁ φόνος ἐστί. Τί οὖν ἂν ἔχοιτε εἰπεῖν; Μὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἔγνωτε τί ἔπαθεν ὁ Κάϊν; μὴ γὰρ ἐφησύχασε τοῖς γεγενημένοις ὁ Θεός; μὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἀπῄτησε τὴν χαλεπωτάτην δίκην; Μὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἠκούσατε ὅσα ἔπαθον οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν, τοὺς προφήτας ἀνελόντες; οὐ κολάσεσι καὶ τιμωρίαις μυρίαις ἐξεδόθησαν; Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἐγένεσθε βελτίους; Καὶ τί λέγω τὰς κολάσεις τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν, καὶ ἅπερ ἔπαθον; αὐτὸς σὺ ὁ καταψηφισάμενος τῶν πατέρων, πῶς χείρω ποιεῖς; Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ὑμεῖς αὐτοὶ ἀπεφήνασθε, ὅτι κακοὺς κακῶς ἀπολέσει. Τίνα οὖν λοιπὸν ἕξετε συγγνώμην, μετὰ τοιαύτην ψῆφον τοιαῦτα τολμῶντες; Ἀλλὰ τίς ἐστιν ὁ Ζαχαρίας οὗτος; Οἱ μὲν τὸν Ἰωάννου πατέρα φασίν· οἱ δὲ τὸν προφήτην· οἱ δὲ ἕτερόν τινα διώνυμον ἱερέα, ὃν καὶ Ἰωδάε φησὶν ἡ Γραφή. Σὺ δὲ ἐκεῖνο σκόπει, ὅτι τὸ τόλμημα διπλοῦν ἦν. Οὐ γὰρ ἁγίους ἀνῄρουν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν ἁγίῳ τόπῳ. Ταῦτα δὲ λέγων, οὐκ ἐκείνους ἐφόβει μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς παρεμυθεῖτο, δεικνὺς ὅτι καὶ οἱ δίκαιοι οἱ πρὸ αὐτῶν ταῦτα ἔπαθον. Τούτους δὲ ἐφόβει, προλέγων ὅτι ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνοι δίκην ἔδοσαν, οὕτω καὶ οὗτοι τὰ ἔσχατα πείσονται. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο αὐτοὺς καὶ προφήτας καὶ σοφοὺς καὶ γραμματεῖς καλεῖ, καὶ ἐντεῦθεν πάλιν πᾶσαν ἀπολογίαν αὐτῶν ἀναιρῶν. Οὐ γὰρ ἔχετε εἰπεῖν, φησὶν, ὅτι Ἀπὸ ἐθνῶν ἀπέστειλας, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐσκανδαλίσθημεν· ἀλλὰ τὸ φονικοὺς εἶναι καὶ διψᾷν αἱμάτων εἰς τοῦτο ἦγε. ∆ιὸ καὶ προεῖπεν, ὅτι ∆ιὰ τοῦτο προφήτας καὶ γραμματεῖς ἀποστέλλω. Τοῦτο καὶ οἱ προφῆται πάντες ἐνεκάλουν αὐτοῖς, Αἵματα ἐφ' αἵμασι μίσγουσι, λέγοντες· καὶ ὅτι ἄνδρες αἱμάτων εἰσί. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὸ αἷμα αὐτῷ ἐκέλευσε 58.682 προσφέρεσθαι, δεικνὺς ὅτι εἰ ἐπὶ ἀλόγου οὕτω τίμιον, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπου. Ὃ καὶ τῷ Νῶε λέγει· Ἐκδικήσω πᾶν αἷμα ἐκχυνόμενον. Καὶ μυρία ἕτερα τοιαῦτα ἔστιν εὑρεῖν ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ φονεύειν αὐτοὺς διαταττόμενον· διὸ οὐδὲ πνικτὸν ἐσθίειν ἐκέλευσεν. Ὢ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ φιλανθρωπίας, ὅτι καὶ προειδὼς οὐδὲν κερδανοῦντας, τὰ αὐτοῦ ὅμως ἐποίει! Πέμπω γὰρ, φησὶ, καὶ ταῦτα εἰδὼς σφαγησομένους. Ὥστε κἀντεῦθεν ἠλέγχοντο εἰκῆ λέγοντες· Οὐκ ἂν ἦμεν κοινωνοὶ τῶν πατέρων. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι προφήτας καὶ ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς ἀνεῖλον· καὶ οὔτε τὸν τόπον αὐτὸν ᾐδέσθησαν, οὔτε τὸ ἀξίωμα τῶν προσώπων. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἁπλῶς τοὺς τυχόντας ἀνεῖλον, ἀλλὰ προφήτας καὶ σοφοὺς, ὥστε μηδὲν αὐτοῖς ἐγκαλεῖν. Τούτους δὲ, τοὺς ἀποστόλους φησὶ καὶ τοὺς μετ' ἐκείνους· καὶ γὰρ πολλοὶ προεφήτευον. Εἶτα βουλόμενος αὐξῆσαι τὸν φόβον, φησίν· Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἥξει ταῦτα πάντα ἐπὶ τὴν γενεὰν ταύτην· τουτέστιν, Εἰς κεφαλὰς ὑμῶν πάντα τρέψω, καὶ σφοδρὰν ποιήσομαι τὴν ἄμυναν. Ὁ γὰρ πολλοὺς ἡμαρτηκότας εἰδὼς, καὶ μὴ σωφρονισθεὶς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ αὐτὰ πάλιν καὶ αὐτὸς ἁμαρτὼν, καὶ οὐ τὰ αὐτὰ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλῷ χαλεπώτερα, χαλεπωτέραν ἐκείνων πολλῷ δίκαιος ἂν εἴη δοῦναι δίκην. Ὥσπερ γὰρ, εἰ ἐβουλήθη, μεγάλα ἂν ἐκέρδανε τοῖς, ἑτέρων παραδείγμασι γενόμενος βελτίων· οὕτως, ἐπειδὴ ἀδιόρθωτος ἔμεινε, μείζονός ἐστι τιμωρίας ὑπεύθυνος, ἅτε πλείονος νουθεσίας τῆς διὰ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν ἡμαρτηκότων καὶ κολασθέντων ἀπολελαυκὼς, καὶ οὐδὲν καρπωσάμενος. γʹ. Εἶτα πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ἀποστρέφει τὸν λόγον, καὶ ταύτῃ παιδεῦσαι βουλόμενος τοὺς ἀκούοντας, καί φησιν· Ἱερουσαλὴμ, Ἱερουσαλήμ. Τί βούλεται ὁ διπλασιασμός; Ἐλεοῦντος αὐτὴν καὶ ταλανίζοντος τοῦτο τὸ σχῆμα, καὶ σφόδρα φιλοῦντος. Ὥσπερ γὰρ πρὸς ἐρωμένην, φιληθεῖσαν μὲν διαπαντὸς, καταφρονήσασαν δὲ τοῦ ἐραστοῦ, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο κολάζεσθαι μέλλουσαν, ἀπολογεῖται λοιπὸν μέλλων ἐπάγειν τὴν κόλασιν. Ὃ καὶ ἐν τοῖς προφήταις ποιεῖ λέγων· Εἶπον, Ἀνάστρεψον πρός με, καὶ οὐκ ἀνέστρεψεν. Εἶτα καλέσας αὐτὴν, λέγει καὶ τὰς μιαιφονίας αὐτῆς· Ἡ ἀποκτέννουσα τοὺς προφήτας, καὶ λιθοβολοῦσα τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸς αὐτὴν, ποσάκις ἠθέλησα συναγαγεῖν τὰ τέκνα σου, καὶ οὐκ ἠθελήσατε; καὶ ταύτῃ ὑπὲρ τῶν καθ' ἑαυτὸν ἀπολογούμενος, ὅτι Οὐδὲ τούτοις με ἀπέστρεψας, οὐδὲ ἀπέστησας τῆς περὶ σὲ πολλῆς εὐνοίας, ἀλλ'