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this? All would say so, and with all and before all, the very truth of the facts. But consider for me the excess of evils, when they appear more grievous not when compared to the time before, but also to all that is to come. For neither in the whole inhabited world, nor in all time, past or future, will anyone be able to say that such evils have occurred. And very reasonably. For no one among men, neither of those who ever lived, nor of those after, has dared such a lawless and dreadful deed. For this reason he says: “There shall be tribulation such as has not been, nor shall be.” “And if those days had not been shortened, no flesh would have been saved; but for the sake of the elect those days will be shortened.” From these things he shows that they are worthy of a more severe punishment than the one mentioned, now calling “days” the days of the war and of that siege. And what he says is this: If the war of the Romans against the city had prevailed longer, he says, all the Jews would have perished (for here by “all flesh” he means the Jewish flesh); both those outside and those inside. For they did not only make war on those in Judea, but they also proscribed and drove out those scattered everywhere, because of the hatred toward them. 2. And whom does he here mean by “the elect”? The faithful who were caught up in their midst. For lest the Jews should say that these evils came about because of the preaching and the worship of Christ, he shows that not only were the faithful not the cause of these things for them, but if they had not been there, all would have perished root and branch. For if God had allowed the war to be prolonged, not even a remnant of the Jews would have remained; but so that the faithful who came from them 58.696 might not perish along with the unbelieving Jews, He quickly ended the battle and put an end to the war. For this reason he says: “But for the sake of the elect they will be shortened.” And he said these things, leaving comfort for those of them caught in the middle, and giving them a respite, so that they might not fear as though they would perish along with them. But if here there is so much providence for them, that for their sake others are also saved, and that remnants of the unbelieving Jews are left because of the Christians, how great will be the honor in the time of the crowns? From this he also comforted them not to grieve over their own dangers, seeing that those others suffer such things, and for no profit, but to the harm of their own heads. But he not only comforted them, but also led them away from Jewish customs from then on, secretly and unsuspectedly. For if there is to be no change henceforth, nor will the temple stand, it is clear that the law will also cease. But he did not say this openly, but hinted at it through their complete destruction. And he did not speak openly, so as not to strike them before the time. Therefore, he did not even begin by initiating the discussion about these things; but having first pronounced the city wretched, he brought them to the necessity both of pointing out the stones and of their question, so that in answering their question he might announce beforehand all the things that were to come. But consider for me the economy of the Spirit, that John wrote none of these things, so that he might not seem to write from the history of what had already happened; (for he also lived a long time after the capture;) but those who died before the capture, and had seen none of these things, they themselves write, so that the power of the prophecy shines forth from all sides. “Then if anyone says to you, ‘Look, here is the Christ,’ or ‘Here,’ do not believe it. For false christs and false prophets will arise and will show signs and wonders, so as to lead astray, if possible, even the elect. Behold, I have told you beforehand. So, if they say to you, ‘Look, he is in the desert,’ do not go out; ‘Look, he is in the inner rooms,’ do not believe it. For as the lightning comes from the east and shines as far as the west, so also will be the coming of the Son of Man. For wherever the carcass is, there the eagles will be gathered together.” Having completed the things concerning Jerusalem, he proceeds henceforth to his own coming, and he speaks of its signs, which are useful not only to them, but also to us and to all who will come after us. Then, when?

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ταύτην; Ἅπαντες εἴποιεν ἂν, καὶ μετὰ πάντων καὶ πρὸ πάντων αὐτὴ ἡ τῶν πραγμάτων ἀλήθεια. Θέα δέ μοι τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῶν κακῶν, ὅταν μὴ πρὸς τὸν ἔμπροσθεν χρόνον παραβαλλόμενα χαλεπώτερα φαίνηται, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς τὸν ἐπιόντα ἅπαντα. Οὔτε γὰρ ἐν τῇ οἰκουμένῃ πάσῃ, οὔτε ἐν τῷ χρόνῳ παντὶ, τῷ γενομένῳ τῷ τε ἐσομένῳ, δυνήσεταί τις εἰπεῖν τοιαῦτα κακὰ γεγενημένα. Καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐτόλμησέ τις ἀνθρώπων, οὐ τῶν πώποτε, οὐ τῶν μετὰ ταῦτα, τόλμημα οὕτω παράνομον καὶ φρικῶδες. ∆ιὰ τοῦτό φησιν· Ἔσται θλῖψις οἵα οὐκ ἐγένετο, οὐδὲ μὴ γένηται. Καὶ εἰ μὴ ἐκολοβώθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναι, οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ· διὰ δὲ τοὺς ἐκλεκτοὺς κολοβωθήσονται αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναι. Ἀπὸ τούτων δείκνυσιν αὐτοὺς χαλεπωτέρας τιμωρίας ἀξίους ὄντας τῆς εἰρημένης, ἡμέρας νῦν λέγων τὰς τοῦ πολέμου καὶ τῆς πολιορκίας ἐκείνης. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν· Εἰ ἐπὶ πλέον ἐκράτησε, φησὶν, ὁ πόλεμος Ῥωμαίων ὁ κατὰ τῆς πόλεως, ἅπαντες ἂν ἀπώλοντο Ἰουδαῖοι (πᾶσαν γὰρ σάρκα ἐνταῦθα τὴν Ἰουδαϊκὴν λέγει)· καὶ οἱ ἔξω, καὶ οἱ ἔνδον. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ μόνον τοῖς ἐν Ἰουδαίᾳ ἐπολέμουν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς πανταχοῦ διεσπαρμένους ἀπεκήρυττόν τε καὶ ἤλαυνον, διὰ τὸ πρὸς ἐκείνους μῖσος. βʹ. Τίνας δὲ ἐνταῦθά φησι τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς; Τοὺς πιστοὺς τοὺς ἐν μέσοις ἀπειλημμένους αὐτοῖς. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ λέγωσιν Ἰουδαῖοι, ὅτι διὰ τὸ κήρυγμα καὶ τὸ προσκυνεῖσθαι τὸν Χριστὸν ταῦτα γέγονε τὰ κακὰ, δείκνυσιν ὅτι οὐ μόνον οἱ πιστοὶ τούτων αὐτοῖς οὐκ ἐγένοντο αἴτιοι, ἀλλ' εἰ μὴ ἐκεῖνοι ἦσαν, πρόῤῥιζοι ἂν ἀπώλοντο ἅπαντες. Εἰ γὰρ συνεχώρησεν ὁ Θεὸς ἐκταθῆναι τὸν πόλεμον, οὐδ' ἂν λείψανον ἔμεινεν Ἰουδαίων· ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ συναπόλωνται τοῖς ἀπίστοις Ἰουδαίοις οἱ ἐξ αὐ 58.696 τῶν γενόμενοι πιστοὶ, ταχέως κατέλυσε τὴν μάχην, καὶ πέρας ἔδωκε τῷ πολέμῳ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτό φησι· ∆ιὰ δὲ τοὺς ἐκλεκτοὺς κολοβωθήσονται. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγε, καταλιμπάνων παραμυθίαν τοῖς ἐν μέσῳ ἀπειλημμένοις αὐτῶν, καὶ διδοὺς ἀναπνεῦσαι, ἵνα μὴ φοβῶνται ὡς συναπολούμενοι. Εἰ δὲ ἐνταῦθα τοσαύτη αὐτῶν πρόνοια, ὡς δι' αὐτοὺς καὶ ἑτέρους σώζεσθαι, καὶ τῶν ἀπίστων λείψανα γίνεσθαι Ἰουδαίων διὰ Χριστιανοὺς, πόση ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῶν στεφάνων ἡ τιμή; Ἐντεῦθεν αὐτοὺς καὶ παρεμυθεῖτο μὴ ἀλγεῖν ἐπὶ τοῖς οἰκείοις κινδύνοις, ὅπου γε καὶ ἐκεῖνοι τοιαῦτα πάσχουσι, καὶ ἐπ' οὐδενὶ κέρδει, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ κακῷ τῆς ἑαυτῶν κεφαλῆς. Οὐ παρεμυθεῖτο δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπῆγε τῶν Ἰουδαϊκῶν ἐθῶν λοιπὸν λανθανόντως καὶ ἀνυπόπτως. Εἰ γὰρ οὐκ ἔσται μεταβολὴ λοιπὸν, οὐδὲ ὁ ναὸς στήσεται, εὔδηλον ὅτι καὶ ὁ νόμος παυθήσεται. Ἀλλὰ φανερῶς μὲν τοῦτο οὐκ εἶπε, διὰ δὲ τῆς παντελοῦς αὐτῶν ἀπωλείας τοῦτο ᾐνίξατο. Φανερῶς δὲ οὐκ εἶπεν, ἵνα μὴ πρὸ καιροῦ πλήξῃ. ∆ιὸ οὐδὲ ἀρχόμενος προηγουμένως εἰς τὸν περὶ τούτων ἐνέβαλε λόγον· ἀλλὰ ταλανίσας πρῶτον τὴν πόλιν, εἰς ἀνάγκην αὐτοὺς κατέστησε τῆς τε ἐπιδείξεως τῶν λίθων καὶ τῆς ἐρωτήσεως, ἵνα ὡς αὐτοῖς ἀποκρινόμενος πρὸς τὴν ἐρώτησιν ἅπαντα προαναφωνήσῃ τὰ μέλλοντα. Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει Πνεύματος οἰκονομίαν, ὅτι τούτων οὐδὲν ἔγραψεν Ἰωάννης, ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ ἐξ αὐτῆς τῶν γεγενημένων τῆς ἱστορίας γράφειν· (καὶ γὰρ καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἅλωσιν ἔζη χρόνον πολύν·) ἀλλ' οἱ πρὸ τῆς ἁλώσεως ἀποθανόντες, καὶ μηδὲν τούτων ἑωρακότες, αὐτοὶ γράφουσιν, ὥστε πανταχόθεν διαλάμπειν τῆς προῤῥήσεως τὴν ἰσχύν. Τότε ἐάν τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ, Ἰδοὺ ὧδε ὁ Χριστὸς, ἢ ὧδε, μὴ πιστεύσητε. Ἐγερθήσονται γὰρ ψευδόχριστοι καὶ ψευδοπροφῆται, καὶ δώσουσι σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα, ὥστε πλανῆσαι, εἰ δυνατὸν, καὶ τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς. Ἰδοὺ προείρηκα ὑμῖν. Ἐὰν οὖν εἴπωσιν ὑμῖν· Ἰδοὺ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, μὴ ἐξέλθητε· Ἰδοὺ ἐν τοῖς ταμείοις, μὴ πιστεύσητε. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἡ ἀστραπὴ ἐξέρχεται ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν, καὶ φαίνεται ἕως δυσμῶν, οὕτως ἔσται καὶ ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. Ὅπου γὰρ ἂν ᾖ τὸ πτῶμα, ἐκεῖ συναχθήσονται καὶ οἱ ἀετοί. Πληρώσας τὰ περὶ τῶν Ἱεροσολύμων, εἰς τὴν αὐτοῦ λοιπὸν διαβαίνει παρουσίαν, καὶ λέγει αὐτῆς τὰ σημεῖα, οὐκ ἐκείνοις χρήσιμα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμῖν καὶ τοῖς μεθ' ἡμᾶς ἐσομένοις πᾶσι. Τότε, πότε;