John Chrysostom, On Matthew

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He has said this, this. See how after the resurrection, when He saw they had become more curious, He silenced them more forcefully. For now He has stated many and countless proofs; but then, simply, It is not for you to know times or seasons. Then, lest they should say, "We are at a loss, we have been disdained, we are not worthy of this," He says, Which the Father has set in His own authority. For it was of great concern to Him to honor them and to hide nothing. For this reason He refers it to His Father, both making the matter formidable and walling off what had been said from their inquiry; since if this is not so, but He is ignorant, when will He know? With us? And who would say this? And He knows the Father clearly, and so clearly as He knows the Son; but He is ignorant of the day? Then, the Spirit searches even the deep things of God; but He does not even know the time of the judgment? But He knows how one must judge, and understands the secrets of each one; but was He to be ignorant of that which is far less significant than this? And how, if All things were made through Him, and without Him was not anything made, was He ignorant of the day? For He who made the ages, it is clear that He also made the times; and if the times, also the day; how then is He ignorant of what He has made? 2. And you claim to know even His substance, but the Son not even the day, the Son, who is ever in the bosom of the Father? And yet the substance is much greater than the days, and infinitely greater. How then, while giving the greater thing to yourselves, do you not concede even the lesser to the Son, in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge? But neither do you know what the substance of God is, even if you rave about these things ten thousand times; nor is the Son ignorant of the day, but He knows it very well. For this very reason, after saying all things, both the times and the seasons, and leading them to the very doors (For it is near, at the doors, He says), He was silent about the day. For if you seek the day and the hour, He says, you will not hear it from me; but if you seek the seasons and the preludes, I will tell you everything with accuracy, hiding nothing. For that I am not ignorant, I have shown through many things, by stating the intervals, and all that will happen, and how long from this time until that day; (for the parable of the fig tree showed this); and I have led you to the very gates; but if I do not open the doors for you, this too I do for your benefit. But that you may also learn from another source that His silence is not from ignorance, see how after what has been said He adds another sign: But as they were in the days of Noah, eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day the flood came and took them all away; so also will be the coming of the Son of Man. He said these things, showing that He will come suddenly, and unexpectedly, and while the majority are living luxuriously. For Paul also says this, writing thus: When they say, 'Peace and safety,' then sudden destruction comes upon them; and to show the unexpectedness, he said: as labor pains upon a pregnant woman. How then does He say, after the tribulation of those days? For if there is luxury then, and peace, and 58.704 safety, as Paul says, how does He say, after the tribulation of those days? If luxury, how tribulation? Luxury for those who are insensate, and peace. For this reason He did not say, "When there is peace," but, When they say, 'Peace and safety,' showing their insensibility, like that of the people in Noah's time, because they were living in luxury amidst such evils. But not the righteous; they were living in tribulation and despondency. From this He shows that when the antichrist has come, the practice of unseemly pleasures will be intensified among the lawless and those who have despaired of their own salvation. Then gluttony, then revelries and drunkenness. For this reason He also sets forth an example most fitting to the matter. For just as while the ark was being built they did not believe, He says, but it lay before them in their midst, pre-announcing the evils to come, yet they, seeing it, lived in luxury as if no terrible thing were going to happen; so also now, the antichrist will appear, after whom is the consummation, and the punishments at the consummation, and unbearable retributions; but those who are held fast by the drunkenness of wickedness will not even perceive the

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τοῦτο τοῦτο εἴρηκεν, ὅρα μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν, ἐπειδὴ περιεργοτέρους εἶδε γενομένους, πῶς ἐπεστόμισε μειζόνως. Νῦν μὲν γὰρ καὶ τεκμήρια εἴρηκε πολλὰ καὶ ἄπειρα· τότε δὲ ἁπλῶς, Οὐχ ὑμῶν ἐστι γνῶναι χρόνους ἢ καιρούς. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ εἴπωσιν, ὅτι Ἠπορήμεθα, διεπτύσθημεν, οὐδὲ τούτου ἐσμὲν ἄξιοι· φησὶν, Οὓς ὁ Πατὴρ ἔθετο ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ. Καὶ γὰρ σφόδρα ἔμελεν αὐτῷ τοῦ τιμᾷν αὐτοὺς καὶ μηδὲν ἀποκρύπτεσθαι. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο αὐτὸ τῷ Πατρὶ αὐτοῦ ἀνατίθησι, καὶ φοβερὸν τὸ πρᾶγμα ποιῶν, καὶ ἐκείνων ἀποτειχίζων τῇ πεύσει τὸ εἰρημένον· ἐπεὶ εἰ μὴ τοῦτό ἐστιν, ἀλλ' ἀγνοεῖ, πότε εἴσεται; Ἆρα μεθ' ἡμῶν; καὶ τίς ἂν τοῦτο εἴποι; Καὶ τὸν μὲν Πατέρα οἶδε σαφῶς, καὶ οὕτω σαφῶς, ὡς ἐκεῖνος τὸν Υἱόν· τὴν δὲ ἡμέραν ἀγνοεῖ; Εἶτα, τὸ μὲν Πνεῦμα ἐρευνᾷ καὶ τὰ βάθη τοῦ Θεοῦ· αὐτὸς δὲ οὐδὲ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς κρίσεως οἶδεν; Ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν πῶς δεῖ κρίνειν οἶδε, καὶ τὰ ἑκάστου ἀπόῤῥητα ἐπίσταται· ὃ δὲ πολλῷ τούτου εὐτελέστερον, τοῦτο ἔμελλεν ἀγνοεῖν; Πῶς δὲ, εἰ Πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἓν, τὴν ἡμέραν ἠγνόησεν; Ὁ γὰρ τοὺς αἰῶνας ποιήσας, εὔδηλον ὅτι καὶ τοὺς χρόνους· εἰ δὲ τοὺς χρόνους, καὶ τὴν ἡμέραν· πῶς οὖν ἣν ἐποίησεν ἀγνοεῖ; βʹ. Καὶ ὑμεῖς μὲν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν οὐσίαν εἰδέναι φατὲ, τὸν δὲ Υἱὸν οὐδὲ τὴν ἡμέραν, τὸν Υἱὸν, τὸν διαπαντὸς ἐν τῷ κόλπῳ ὄντα τοῦ Πατρός; καίτοι πολλῷ μείζων ἡ οὐσία τῶν ἡμερῶν, καὶ ἀπείρως μείζων. Πῶς οὖν τὸ μεῖζον ἑαυτοῖς διδόντες, οὐδὲ τὸ ἔλαττον συγχωρεῖτε τῷ Υἱῷ, ἐν ᾧ εἰσι πάντες οἱ θησαυροὶ τῆς σοφίας καὶ τῆς γνώσεως ἀπόκρυφοι; Ἀλλ' οὔτε ὑμεῖς ἴστε τί τὴν οὐσίαν ὁ Θεὸς, κἂν μυριάκις ταῦτα μαίνησθε· οὔτε ὁ Υἱὸς ἀγνοεῖ τὴν ἡμέραν, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα ἐπίσταται. ∆ιά τοι τοῦτο πάντα εἰπὼν, καὶ τοὺς χρόνους, καὶ τοὺς καιροὺς, καὶ ἐπ' αὐτὰς τὰς θύρας ἀγαγὼν, (Ἐγγὺς γάρ ἐστιν ἐπὶ θύραις, φησίν·) ἀπεσίγησε τὴν ἡμέραν. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἡμέραν ζητοίης καὶ ὥραν, οὐκ ἀκούσῃ παρ' ἐμοῦ, φησίν· εἰ δὲ καιροὺς καὶ προοίμια, οὐδὲν ἀποκρυψάμενος ἐρῶ πάντα σοι μετὰ ἀκριβείας. Ὅτι μὲν γὰρ οὐκ ἀγνοῶ, διὰ πολλῶν ἔδειξα, διαστήματα εἰπὼν, καὶ τὰ συμβησόμενα ἅπαντα, καὶ ὅσον ἀπὸ τοῦδε τοῦ χρόνου μέχρι τῆς ἡμέρας αὐτῆς· (τοῦτο γὰρ τῆς συκῆς ἐδήλωσεν ἡ παραβολή·) καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ πρόθυρά σε ἤγαγον αὐτά· εἰ δὲ μὴ ἀνοίγω σοι τὰς θύρας, καὶ τοῦτο συμφερόντως ποιῶ. Ἵνα δὲ καὶ ἑτέρωθεν μάθῃς, ὅτι οὐ τῆς ἀγνοίας αὐτοῦ τὸ σιγῆσαι, ὅρα μετὰ τῶν εἰρημένων πῶς καὶ ἄλλο προστίθησι σημεῖον· Ὥσπερ δὲ ἦσαν ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τοῦ Νῶε τρώγοντες καὶ πίνοντες, γαμοῦντες καὶ γαμίζοντες, ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας ἦλθεν ὁ κατακλυσμὸς, καὶ ἦρεν ἅπαντας· οὕτως ἔσται καὶ ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. Ταῦτα δὲ εἶπε, δηλῶν ὡς ἀθρόον ἥξει, καὶ ἀπροσδοκήτως, καὶ τῶν πλειόνων τρυφώντων. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ Παῦλος τοῦτό φησιν, οὕτω γράφων· Ὅταν λέγωσιν εἰρήνην καὶ ἀσφάλειαν, τότε αἰφνίδιος αὐτοῖς ἐφίσταται ὄλεθρος· καὶ τὸ ἀπροσδόκητον δηλῶν, ἔλεγεν· Ὥσπερ ἡ ὠδὶν τῇ ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ. Πῶς οὖν φησι, μετὰ τὴν θλῖψιν τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐκείνων; Εἰ γὰρ τρυφὴ τότε, καὶ εἰρήνη, καὶ 58.704 ἀσφάλεια, καθὼς ὁ Παῦλός φησι, πῶς λέγει, μετὰ τὴν θλῖψιν τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐκείνων; Εἰ τρυφὴ, πῶς θλῖψις; Τρυφὴ τοῖς ἀναισθήτως διακειμένοις, καὶ εἰρήνη. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οὐκ εἶπεν, Ὅταν δὲ ᾖ εἰρήνη, ἀλλ', Ὅταν λέγωσιν εἰρήνην καὶ ἀσφάλειαν, τὸ ἀναίσθητον αὐτῶν ἐνδεικνύμενος, ὡς τῶν ἐπὶ Νῶε, ὅτι δὴ ἐν τοιούτοις κακοῖς ἐτρύφων. Ἀλλ' οὐχ οἱ δίκαιοι, ἀλλ' ἐν θλίψει καὶ ἀθυμίᾳ διῆγον. Ἐντεῦθεν δείκνυσιν, ὅτι τοῦ ἀντιχρίστου ἐλθόντος, τὰ τῶν ἀτόπων ἡδονῶν ἐπιταθήσεται ἐν τοῖς παρανόμοις καὶ τῆς οἰκείας ἀπεγνωκόσι σωτηρίας. Τότε γαστριμαργίαι, κῶμοι τότε καὶ μέθαι. ∆ιὸ καὶ μάλιστα ὑπόδειγμα τίθησιν ἁρμόζον τῷ πράγματι. Καθάπερ γὰρ τῆς κιβωτοῦ γινομένης οὐκ ἐπίστευον, φησὶν, ἀλλὰ προέκειτο μὲν ἐν μέσῳ τὰ μέλλοντα προανακηρύττουσα κακὰ, ἐκεῖνοι δὲ ὁρῶντες αὐτὴν, ὡς οὐδενὸς ἐσομένου δεινοῦ, οὕτως ἐτρύφων· οὕτω καὶ νῦν, φανεῖται μὲν ὁ ἀντίχριστος, μεθ' ὃν ἡ συντέλεια, καὶ αἱ κολάσεις αἱ ἐπὶ τῇ συντελείᾳ, καὶ τιμωρίαι ἀφόρητοι· οἱ δὲ τῇ μέθῃ τῆς κακίας κατεχόμενοι οὐδὲ αἰσθήσονται τοῦ