477

they trimmed their lamps, the foolish say to the wise: Give us of your oil. Again he calls them foolish, showing that there is nothing more foolish than those who do business here, and depart thither naked, where we have most need of loving-kindness, where there is need of much oil. And not in this respect only are they foolish, but because they also expected to receive it from there, and sought it out of season; and yet nothing was more loving-kind than those virgins, who for this reason especially were approved. And they do not even ask for it all; for 'Give us,' it says, 'of your oil;' and they show the necessity of their need; 'for our lamps,' it says, 'are going out.' But even so they failed; and neither the loving-kindness of those who were asked, nor the easiness of the request, nor the necessary and pressing need made them succeed. But what do we learn from this? That none of us there, who have been betrayed by our works, will be able to stand for another; not because he does not wish it, but because he is not able. For these too have recourse to an impossibility. This the blessed Abraham also showed, saying, that A great gulf is fixed between you and us, so that not even those who wish are permitted to cross over. Go to those who sell, and buy for yourselves. And who are they that sell? The poor. And where are these? Here; and then one ought to have sought, not at that time. 2. Do you see how much business we have from the poor? and if you take these away, you have taken away the great hope of our salvation. Therefore we must gather the oil here, that it may be useful there, when the time calls us. For that is not the time of gathering, but this. Do not then waste your substance in vain on luxuries and vainglory. For you will need much oil there. Having heard these things, those departed, but gained nothing. And this he says, either remaining with the parable and weaving it; or by these things also showing, that even if we become merciful after we have departed, we shall gain nothing from this toward our escape. Therefore, their eagerness did not suffice them, since they did not go to those who sell here, but there; nor for the rich man, when he became so loving-kind as even to be anxious for his own relatives. For he who runs past the one lying at the gate, hastens to rescue from dangers and from Gehenna those not even seen, and asks that some be sent to report these things to them. But nevertheless he 58.713 gained nothing from this, just as these did not. For after they heard these things and departed, the bridegroom came; and those who were ready went in with him, but the others were shut out. After many toils, after countless sweats and that unbearable battle, and the trophies which they had set up against raging nature, being put to shame and with their lamps extinguished, they withdrew with heads bowed. For nothing is gloomier than virginity without mercy; thus also many are accustomed to call the unmerciful 'dark ones'. What then is the benefit of virginity, when they did not see the bridegroom, and though they knocked did not prevail, but heard that fearful word, Go, I know you not? And when he says this, nothing else is left but Gehenna and unbearable punishment; or rather, this saying is even more grievous than Gehenna. This saying he also said to those who work iniquity. Watch therefore, for you know neither the day nor the hour. Do you see how he continually adds this, showing the ignorance of our departure from here to be useful? Where now are those who are slothful all their life, but when they are reproached by us, say, 'At the time of my death I will leave something to the needy?' Let them hear these words, and be corrected. For even at that time many failed in this, being suddenly snatched away, and not even being permitted to give instructions to their household concerning what they wished. This parable, therefore, has been spoken for the sake of almsgiving through money; but the one after this, to those who do not wish to benefit their neighbors with money, or word, or protection, or anything else whatever, but hide everything. And why indeed this parable

477

ἐκόσμησαν τὰς λαμπάδας, λέγουσιν αἱ μωραὶ ταῖς φρονίμοις· ∆ότε ἡμῖν ἐκ τοῦ ἐλαίου ὑμῶν. Πάλιν αὐτὰς μωρὰς καλεῖ, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐδὲν μωρότερον τῶν ἐνταῦθα χρηματιζομένων, καὶ γυμνῶν ἀπιόντων ἐκεῖσε, ἔνθα μάλιστα φιλανθρωπίας ἡμῖν χρεία, ἔνθα πολλοῦ τοῦ ἐλαίου. Οὐ ταύτῃ δὲ μόνον μωραὶ, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ προσεδόκησαν ἐκεῖθεν λήψεσθαι, καὶ ἀκαίρως ἐζήτησαν· καίτοιγε οὐδὲν ἐκείνων φιλανθρωπότερον ἦν τῶν παρθένων, αἳ διὰ τοῦτο μάλιστα εὐδοκίμησαν. Καὶ οὐδὲ τὸ πᾶν ζητοῦσι· ∆ότε γὰρ ἡμῖν, φησὶν, ἐκ τοῦ ἐλαίου ὑμῶν· καὶ τὸ ἀναγκαῖον τῆς χρείας ἐπιδείκνυνται· σβέννυνται γὰρ, φησὶν, αἱ λαμπάδες ἡμῶν. Ἀλλὰ καὶ οὕτως ἀπέτυχον· καὶ οὔτε ἡ φιλανθρωπία τῶν αἰτουμένων, οὔτε τὸ εὔκολον τῆς αἰτήσεως, οὔτε τὸ ἀναγκαῖον καὶ χρειῶδες ἐποίησεν αὐτὰς ἐπιτυχεῖν. Ἀλλὰ τί δὴ ἐντεῦθεν μανθάνομεν; Ὅτι οὐδεὶς ἡμῶν ἐκεῖ, τῶν ἐκ τῶν ἔργων προδοθέντων, προστῆναι δυνήσεται· οὐκ ἐπειδὴ οὐ βούλεται, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ οὐ δύναται. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὗται ἐπὶ τὸ ἀδύνατον καταφεύγουσι. Τοῦτο καὶ ὁ μακάριος Ἀβραὰμ ἐδήλωσεν εἰπὼν, ὅτι Χάσμα μέγα ἐστὶ μεταξὺ ὑμῶν καὶ ἡμῶν, ὥστε μηδὲ βουλομένοις ἐξεῖναι διαβῆναι. Πορεύεσθε δὲ πρὸς τοὺς πωλοῦντας, καὶ ἀγοράσατε. Καὶ τίνες οἱ πωλοῦντες; Οἱ πένητες. Καὶ ποῦ οὗτοι; Ἐνταῦθα· καὶ τότε ζητῆσαι ἐχρῆν, οὐκ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ. βʹ. Ὁρᾷς ὁπόση γίνεται ἀπὸ τῶν πενήτων ἡμῖν ἡ πραγματεία; κἂν τούτους ἀνέλῃς, τὴν πολλὴν τῆς σωτηρίας ἡμῶν ἀνεῖλες ἐλπίδα. ∆ιόπερ ἐνταῦθα τὸ ἔλαιον συνάγειν χρὴ, ἵνα ἐκεῖ χρήσιμον γένηται, ὅταν ὁ καιρὸς ἡμᾶς καλῇ. Οὐ γὰρ ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν ὁ καιρὸς τῆς συλλογῆς. ἀλλ' οὗτος. Μὴ τοίνυν ἀνάλισκε μάτην τὰ ὄντα εἰς τρυφὰς καὶ κενοδοξίας. Πολλοῦ γάρ σοι ἐκεῖ χρεία τοῦ ἐλαίου. Ταῦτα ἀκούσασαι ἐκεῖναι ἀπῆλθον, ἀλλ' οὐδὲν ὤνησαν. Τοῦτο δέ φησιν, ἢ τῇ παραβολῇ παραμένων, καὶ ὑφαίνων αὐτήν· ἢ καὶ διὰ τούτων δεικνὺς, ὅτι κἂν φιλάνθρωποι γενώμεθα μετὰ τὸ ἀπελθεῖν, οὐδὲν ἐντεῦθεν κερδήσομεν εἰς τὸ διαφυγεῖν. Οὐκοῦν οὐδὲ ταύταις ἤρκεσεν ἡ προθυμία· ἐπειδὴ μὴ ἐνταῦθα ἀπῆλθον πρὸς τοὺς πωλοῦντας, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖ· οὔτε τῷ πλουσίῳ, ὅτε οὕτω φιλάνθρωπος γέγονεν, ὡς καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν αὐτῷ προσηκόντων μεριμνᾷν. Ὁ γὰρ τὸν ἐν τῷ πυλῶνι κείμενον παρατρέχων, τοὺς οὐδὲ ὁρωμένους ἐξαρπάσαι τῶν κινδύνων καὶ τῆς γεέννης ἐπείγεται, καὶ παρακαλεῖ πεμφθῆναί τινας τοὺς ταῦτα ἀπαγγελοῦντας αὐτοῖς. Ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐδὲν 58.713 ἐκεῖνος ἐντεῦθεν ἀπώνατο, ὥσπερ οὐδὲ αὗται. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ταῦτα ἀκούσασαι ἀπῆλθον, ἦλθεν ὁ νυμφίος· καὶ αἱ μὲν ἕτοιμοι, συνεισῆλθον αἱ δὲ ἀπεκλείσθησαν. Μετὰ τοὺς πολλοὺς πόνους, μετὰ τοὺς μυρίους ἱδρῶτας καὶ τὴν ἀφόρητον μάχην ἐκείνην, καὶ τὰ τρόπαια ἃ κατὰ τῆς φύσεως λυττώσης ἀνέστησαν, καταισχυνθεῖσαι καὶ τῶν λαμπάδων ἐσβεσμένων, ἀνεχώρουν κάτω κύπτουσαι. Οὐδὲν γὰρ ἀμαυρότερον παρθενίας, ἔλεον μὴ ἐχούσης· οὕτω καὶ οἱ πολλοὶ τοὺς ἀνελεήμονας εἰώθασι καλεῖν σκοτεινούς. Ποῦ τοίνυν τῆς παρθενίας ὄφελος, ὅτε τὸν νυμφίον οὐκ εἶδον, καὶ οὐδὲ κρούσασαι ἤνυσαν, ἀλλὰ τὸ φοβερὸν ἐκεῖνο ἤκουσαν ῥῆμα, Ὑπάγετε, οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς; Ὅταν δὲ αὐτὸς εἴπῃ τοῦτο, οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἢ γέεννα καταλιμπάνεται καὶ ἡ ἀφόρητος κόλασις· μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ τῆς γεέννης τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμα χαλεπώτερον. Τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμα καὶ τοῖς τὴν ἀνομίαν ἐργαζομένοις εἶπε. Γρηγορεῖτε οὖν, ὅτι οὐκ οἴδατε τὴν ἡμέραν, οὐδὲ τὴν ὥραν. Ὁρᾷς πῶς συνεχῶς τοῦτο ἐπιλέγει, χρησίμην δεικνὺς τὴν ἄγνοιαν τῆς ἐξόδου τῆς ἐντεῦθεν; Ποῦ νῦν εἰσιν οἱ διὰ παντὸς μὲν τοῦ βίου ῥᾴθυμοι, ὅταν δὲ ἐγκαλῶνται παρ' ἡμῶν, λέγοντες, ὅτι Ἐν καιρῷ τελευτῆς καταλιμπάνω τοῖς δεομένοις; Ἀκουέτωσαν τῶν ῥημάτων τούτων, καὶ διορθούσθωσαν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ καιρῷ πολλοὶ ἐξέπεσον τούτου, ἀθρόον ἀναρπασθέντες, καὶ οὐδὲ ἐπισκῆψαι συγχωρηθέντες τοῖς οἰκείοις ὑπὲρ ὧν ἐβούλοντο. Αὕτη μὲν οὖν ἡ παραβολὴ τῆς διὰ χρημάτων ἐλεημοσύνης ἕνεκεν εἴρηται· ἡ δὲ μετὰ ταύτην, πρὸς τοὺς οὐ χρήμασιν, οὐ λόγῳ, οὐ προστασίᾳ, οὐχ ἑτέρῳ ὁτῳοῦν ὠφελεῖν βουλομένους τοὺς πλησίον, ἀλλὰ πάντα ἀποκρύπτοντας. Καὶ τί δήποτε αὕτη μὲν ἡ παραβολὴ