485

Consider that you too have spoken of others. How then will you obtain forgiveness, which you do not give to others? But have you spoken of no one? But you have heard them speaking, and approved. Not even this is without accountability. Do you want to learn how great a good it is not to bear a grudge, and how especially this pleases God? He punishes those who rejoice over those justly punished by Him; and yet they are justly punished, but you should not have gloated. And the prophet, after making many accusations, added this, saying: They felt nothing for the ruin of Joseph; and again: She that dwelt in Zaanan went not forth to bewail the house next to her. And yet Joseph, that is, the tribes from him, and their neighbors, were punished according to the will of God; but still He wants us to grieve with them. For if we, being evil, when we punish a servant, should see one of the fellow-servants laughing, we are even more provoked, and we transfer our anger to him; much more will God punish those who rejoice over the punished. If, then, we ought not to gloat over those punished by God, but to grieve with them, much more so with those who have sinned against us. For this is a sign of love, this God puts before all things. For just as with the royal purple, those flowers and dyes are precious which make up this cloak; so also here these are the precious virtues, which hold love together. And nothing so preserves love, as not remembering those who have sinned against us. For has not God also taken care for the other party? For has he not pushed the one who did wrong toward the one who was wronged? Does he not send him from the altar to that one, and after reconciliation call him to the table? But do not for this reason wait for that one to come, since you will have lost everything. For this is especially why He sets for you an unspeakable reward, that you may get there before him; since if you are reconciled after being asked, the friendship is no longer a result of God's command, but of his effort; therefore you depart uncrowned, while he receives the prizes. What do you say? You have an enemy, and are not ashamed? For is not the devil enough for us, that we also draw our own kind upon 58.723 ourselves? Would that not even he had wished to war against us, would that he were not the devil! Do you not know how great is the pleasure after reconciliation? For what if it does not seem very apparent during the enmity? For that it is sweeter to love the one who wrongs you than to hate him, you will be able to learn well after the enmity is dissolved. 5. Why then do we imitate madmen, devouring one another, warring against our own flesh? Hear also in the Old Testament how much was said about this. The ways of the resentful are unto death. Man harbors anger against man, and seeks healing from God. And yet He permitted an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth; how then does He bring a charge? Because He permitted those things not that we should do them to one another, but that for fear of suffering we should refrain from daring. And otherwise, those things are of a temporary anger, but bearing a grudge is of a soul that practices wickedness. But have you suffered evil? But not so much as you work on yourself by bearing grudges. Besides, it is not possible for a good man to suffer any evil. For let there be someone who has children and a wife, and let him be a philosopher, and let him have many opportunities for harm, and abundance of money, and the power of office, and many friends, and let him enjoy honor, but let him be a philosopher; for this must be added; and let us apply the blows to him in our argument. And let some wicked man approach and inflict a financial loss; what then is this to one who considers money to be nothing? Let him kill the children; what then is this to one who philosophizes about the resurrection? Let him slay the wife; and what is this to one who has been taught not to mourn those who have fallen 58.724 asleep? Let him cast him into dishonor; what is this to one who considers the present things as a flower of the grass? If you wish, let him also punish his body, and cast him into prison; what then is this to one who has learned, "Though our outward man is perishing, yet the inward man is being renewed," and that "tribulation produces endurance"? I then promised that he would be harmed in nothing; but he

485

Λόγισαι ὅτι καὶ σὺ ἑτέρους εἴρηκας. Πῶς οὖν ἐπιτεύξῃ συγγνώμης, ἧς ἑτέροις οὐ μεταδίδως; Ἀλλ' οὐδένα εἴρηκας; Ἀλλ' ἤκουσας λεγόντων, καὶ ἀπεδέξω. Οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἀνεύθυνον. Θέλεις μαθεῖν ὅσον ἀγαθόν ἐστι τὸ μὴ μνησικακεῖν, καὶ πῶς μάλιστα τοῦτο τὸν Θεὸν εὐφραίνει; Τοὺς ἐφηδομένους τοῖς δικαίως παρ' αὐτοῦ κολαζομένοις τιμωρεῖται· καίτοι δικαίως κολάζονται, ἀλλὰ σὲ ἐπιχαίρειν οὐκ ἐχρῆν. Καὶ ὁ προφήτης πολλὰ ἐγκαλέσας, καὶ τοῦτο ἐπήγαγεν εἰπών· Οὐκ ἔπασχον οὐδὲν ἐπὶ τῇ συντριβῇ τοῦ Ἰωσήφ· καὶ πάλιν· Οὐκ ἐξῆλθε κατοικοῦσα Ἐνὰν κόψασθαι οἶκον ἐχόμενον αὐτῆς. Καίτοι καὶ ὁ Ἰωσὴφ, τουτέστιν, αἱ φυλαὶ αἱ ἐξ αὐτοῦ, καὶ οἱ τούτων γείτονες, κατὰ Θεοῦ γνώμην ἐτιμωροῦντο· ἀλλ' ὅμως βούλεται καὶ τούτοις ἡμᾶς συναλγεῖν. Εἰ γὰρ ἡμεῖς πονηροὶ ὄντες, ὅταν τιμωρώμεθα οἰκέτην, ἄν τινα τῶν συνδούλων γελάσαντα ἴδωμεν, καὶ παροξυνόμεθα μᾶλλον, καὶ ἐπ' ἐκεῖνον μετάγομεν τὴν ὀργήν· πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὁ Θεὸς τιμωρήσεται τοὺς ἐφηδομένους τοῖς κολαζομένοις. Εἰ δὲ τοῖς παρὰ Θεοῦ κολαζομένοις οὐκ ἐπεμβαίνειν, ἀλλὰ συναλγεῖν χρὴ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοῖς εἰς ἡμᾶς ἡμαρτηκόσι. Τοῦτο γὰρ ἀγάπης σημεῖον, ταύτην πάντων προτίθησιν ὁ Θεός. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῆς ἁλουργίδος τῆς βασιλικῆς, ἐκεῖνά ἐστι τὰ τίμια τῶν ἀνθῶν καὶ τῶν χρωμάτων, ἅπερ τὴν χλανίδα κατασκευάζει ταύτην· οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα αὗταί εἰσιν αἱ ἀρεταὶ αἱ τίμιαι, αἵπερ ἂν τὴν ἀγάπην συνέχωσιν. Οὐδὲν δὲ οὕτως ἀγάπην διατηρεῖ, ὡς τὸ μὴ μεμνῆσθαι τῶν εἰς ἡμᾶς ἡμαρτηκότων. Μὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἐφρόντισε καὶ θατέρου μέρους ὁ Θεός; μὴ γὰρ οὐκ ὦσε τὸν ἠδικηκότα πρὸς τὸν ἠδικημένον; οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου πέμπει πρὸς ἐκεῖνον αὐτὸν, καὶ μετὰ τὰς καταλλαγὰς ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν αὐτὸν καλεῖ; Ἀλλὰ μὴ διὰ τοῦτο περιμείνῃς ἐκεῖνον ἐλθεῖν, ἐπεὶ τὸ πᾶν ἀπώλεσας. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦτο μάλιστά σοι μισθὸν ἄφατον ὁρίζει, ἵνα φθάσῃς ἐκεῖνον· ὡς ἐὰν παρακληθεὶς καταλλαγῇς, οὐκέτι τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ προσταγῆς γέγονεν ἡ φιλία, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἐκείνου σπουδῆς· διὸ καὶ ἀστεφάνωτος ἀναχωρεῖς, ἐκείνου τὰ βραβεῖα λαμβάνοντος. Τί λέγεις; Ἐχθρὸν ἔχεις, καὶ οὐκ αἰσχύνῃ; Οὐ γὰρ ἀρκεῖ ἡμῖν ὁ διάβολος, ὅτι καὶ ὁμογενεῖς ἐπι 58.723 σπώμεθα; Εἴθε μηδὲ ἐκεῖνος ἠθέλησεν ἡμῖν πολεμῆσαι, εἴθε μηδὲ ἐκεῖνος διάβολος ἦν! Οὐκ οἶσθα πόση ἡ ἡδονὴ μετὰ τὰς καταλλαγάς; Τί γὰρ, εἰ καὶ ἐν τῇ ἔχθρᾳ οὐ σφόδρα φαίνεται; Ὅτι γὰρ ἥδιον φιλεῖν τὸν ἀδικοῦντα, ἢ μισεῖν, μετὰ τὸ λυθῆναι τὴν ἔχθραν, τότε δυνήσῃ μαθεῖν καλῶς. εʹ. Τί τοίνυν τοὺς μαινομένους μιμούμεθα, ἀλλήλους κατεσθίοντες, τῇ οἰκείᾳ σαρκὶ πολεμοῦντες; Ἄκουσον καὶ ἐν τῇ Παλαιᾷ πόσος ἦν ὑπὲρ τούτου λόγος. Ὁδοὶ μνησικάκων εἰς θάνατον. Ἄνθρωπος ἀνθρώπῳ συντηρεῖ ὀργὴν, καὶ παρὰ Θεοῦ ζητεῖ ἴασιν. Καίτοι συνεχώρησεν ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ ὀφθαλμοῦ, καὶ ὀδόντα ἀντὶ ὀδόντος· πῶς οὖν ἐγκαλεῖ; Ὅτι κἀκεῖνα συνεχώρησεν, οὐχ ἵνα ἀλλήλοις αὐτὰ ποιῶμεν, ἀλλ' ἵνα δέει τοῦ παθεῖν ἀπεχώμεθα τοῦ τολμᾷν. Καὶ ἄλλως δὲ, ἐκεῖνα μὲν προσκαίρου τινὸς ὀργῆς ἐστι, τὸ δὲ μνησικακεῖν, ψυχῆς πονηρίαν μελετώσης. Ἀλλὰ κακῶς ἔπαθες; Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τοσοῦτον, ὅσον σαυτὸν ἐργάσῃ μνησικακῶν. Ἄλλως δὲ οὐδὲ δυνατὸν ἄνδρα ἀγαθὸν κακόν τι παθεῖν. Ἔστω γάρ τις καὶ παιδία ἔχων καὶ γυναῖκα, καὶ φιλοσοφείτω, ἐχέτω δὲ καὶ πολλὰς ἀφορμὰς βλάβης, καὶ χρημάτων περιουσίαν, καὶ ἀρχῆς δυναστείαν, καὶ φίλους πολλοὺς, καὶ τιμῆς ἀπολαυέτω, πλὴν φιλοσοφείτω· τοῦτο γὰρ δεῖ προσκεῖσθαι· καὶ προσάγωμεν αὐτῷ τὰς πληγὰς τῷ λόγῳ. Καὶ προσιών τις μοχθηρὸς ἀνὴρ περιβαλλέτω ζημίᾳ· τί οὖν πρὸς τὸν οὐδὲν ἡγούμενον εἶναι χρήματα; Τὰ τέκνα ἀναιρείτω· τί οὖν πρὸς τὸν περὶ ἀναστάσεως φιλοσοφοῦντα; Τὴν γυναῖκα σφαττέτω· καὶ τί τοῦτο πρὸς τὸν πεπαιδευμένον μὴ πενθεῖν τοὺς κεκοι 58.724 μημένους; Εἰς ἀτιμίαν ἐμβαλλέτω· τί πρὸς τὸν ἄνθος χόρτου τὰ παρόντα ἡγούμενον; Εἰ βούλει, καὶ τὸ σῶμα κολαζέτω, καὶ εἰς δεσμωτήριον ἐμβαλλέτω· τί οὖν πρὸς τὸν μαθόντα, Εἰ καὶ ὁ ἕξω ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος διαφθείρεται, ἀλλ' ὁ ἔσω ἀνακαινοῦται, καὶ ὅτι Ἡ θλῖψις δοκιμὴν κατεργάζεται; Ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν μηδὲν βλαβήσεσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπεσχόμην· ὁ δὲ