492

to meditate on what was to happen; and at the same time showing both to them, and to the one who received him, and to all the Jews, what I have often said, that He is not unwillingly coming to His Passion. And He adds, With my disciples, so that the preparation might be sufficient, and that the man might not think He was hiding himself. And when evening had come, He reclined with the twelve disciples. O the shamelessness, Judas! For he himself was also present there, and came to partake of the mysteries and the salt, and is convicted at the very table, when, even if he had been a wild beast, he would have become gentler. For for this reason the evangelist also points out that while they were eating Christ speaks about the betrayal, so that both from the occasion and from the table he might show the wickedness of the traitor. For as the disciples did, as Jesus had commanded them, when evening had come, He reclined with the twelve. And as they were eating He said, he says, Truly I say to you, that one of you will betray Me. But before the supper He also washed his feet. And see how He spares the traitor. For He did not say, "So-and-so will betray me," but, One of you, so as to give him again an opportunity for repentance by being concealed; and He chooses to frighten them all, in order to save this one. Of you twelve, he says, who are with me everywhere, whose feet I washed, to whom I promised so many things. An unbearable grief then took hold of that holy company. And John indeed says, they were at a loss, and looked at one another, and each of them asked, fearing for himself, although they were conscious of no such thing concerning themselves; but this one says, that being exceedingly sorrowful they began to say to Him, each one, "Is it I, Lord?" And He answered and said, He to whom I shall give the morsel when I have dipped it. See when He exposed him, when He wished to relieve the others of this disturbance; for they were nearly dead with fear; wherefore they also pressed Him with questions. But He did this not only wishing to release them from their anguish, but also wanting to correct the traitor. For since, having often heard indefinitely, he remained uncorrected, being insensible, wishing to reach him more, He removes his mask. For since being sorrowful they began to say, "Is it I, Lord?", He answered and said, He who dipped his hand with Me in the dish, he will betray Me. 58.732 The Son of Man indeed goes, as it is written of Him; but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would have been good for him if that man had not been born. Some indeed say, that he was so audacious as not to honor the Teacher, but to dip with Him; but it seems to me that Christ also did this, shaming him the more, and drawing him to a better disposition; for this too has some further advantage. 2. But we must not pass these things by simply, but they must be fixed in our minds, and anger would then never find a place. For who, considering that supper, and the traitor reclining with the Savior of all, and the one about to be betrayed conversing so gently, would not cast out all the venom of temper and wrath? See, at least, how gently He behaves towards him. The Son of Man indeed goes as it is written of Him. And He said these things again both to recover the disciples, so that they might not think the matter was one of weakness, and to correct the traitor. But woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would have been good for him if that man had not been born. See again in the reproofs an unspeakable gentleness. For not even here does He bring forward His speech accusatorily, but rather more pitiably, and again in a veiled manner; and yet not only his former insensibility, but also his subsequent shamelessness were worthy of the utmost indignation. For after this reproof, he says, "Is it I, Lord?" O the insensibility! He inquires, being conscious of such things in himself. For the evangelist, marveling at his audacity, says this. What then does the most gentle and mild Jesus say? You have said it. And yet He could have said: O you foul and most foul one, accursed and profane; for so long a time travailing with this evil, and having gone away, and contracts

492

μελετῆσαι τὸ συμβησόμενον· ἅμα δὲ δεικνὺς αὐτοῖς τε ἐκείνοις, καὶ τῷ ὑποδεχομένῳ, καὶ πᾶσιν Ἰουδαίοις, ὃ πολλάκις εἶπον, ὅτι οὐκ ἄκων ἐπὶ τὸ πάθος ἔρχεται. Προστίθησι δὲ, Μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν μου, ὥστε καὶ ἀρκοῦσαν γενέσθαι τὴν παρασκευὴν, κἀκεῖνον μὴ νομίσαι κρύπτεσθαι αὐτόν. Ὀψίας δὲ γενομένης, ἀνέκειτο μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα μαθητῶν. Βαβαὶ τῆς ἀναισχυντίας, Ἰούδα! Καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐκεῖ παρῆν, καὶ ἦλθε κοινωνήσων καὶ μυστηρίων καὶ ἁλῶν, καὶ παρ' αὐτὴν ἐλέγχεται τὴν τράπεζαν, ὅτε καὶ θηρίον εἰ ἦν, πραότερον ἐγεγόνει ἄν. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς ἐπισημαίνεται, ὅτι ἐσθιόντων αὐτῶν διαλέγεται περὶ τῆς προδοσίας ὁ Χριστὸς, ἵνα καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ καιροῦ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς τραπέζης δείξῃ τὴν πονηρίαν τοῦ προδότου. Ὡς γὰρ ἐποίησαν οἱ μαθηταὶ, καθὼς συνέταξεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, Ὀψίας γενομένης, ἀνέκειτο μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα. Ἐσθιόντων δὲ αὐτῶν εἶπε, φησὶν, Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅτι εἷς ἐξ ὑμῶν παραδώσει με. Πρὸ δὲ τοῦ δείπνου καὶ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ ἔνιψε. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς φείδεται τοῦ προδότου. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ὁ δεῖνά με παραδώσει· ἀλλ', Εἷς ἐξ ὑμῶν, ὥστε πάλιν δοῦναι αὐτῷ μετανοίας ἐξουσίαν τῷ λαθεῖν· καὶ αἱρεῖται φοβῆσαι ἅπαντας, ὑπὲρ τοῦ διασῶσαι τοῦτον. Ἐξ ὑμῶν τῶν δώδεκα, φησὶ, τῶν πανταχοῦ μοι συμπαρόντων, ὧν τοὺς πόδας ἔνιψα, οἷς τοσαῦτα ἐπηγγειλάμην. Πένθος ἄρα ἀφόρητον τὸν χορὸν τότε τὸν ἅγιον ἐκεῖνον κατέλαβε. Καὶ ὁ μὲν Ἰωάννης φησὶν, Ἠποροῦντο, καὶ εἰς ἀλλήλους ἔβλεπον, καὶ ἕκαστος αὐτῶν ἠρώτα δεδοικὼς ὑπὲρ ἑαυτοῦ, καίτοι μηδὲν ἑαυτοῖς συνειδότες τοιοῦτον· οὗτος δέ φησιν, ὅτι Λυπούμενοι σφόδρα ἤρξαντο λέγειν αὐτῷ ἕκαστος, Μήτι ἐγὼ, Κύριε; Ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν· Ὧ ἐγὼβάψας τὸ ψωμίον ἐπιδώσω. Ὅρα πότε αὐτὸν ἐξεκάλυψεν, ὅτε τοὺς λοιποὺς ἀπαλλάξαι τῆς ταραχῆς ταύτης ἠθέλησε· καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἀποτεθνήκεισαν τῷ δέει· διὸ καὶ ἐπέκειντο ἐρωτῶντες. Οὐκ ἐκείνους δὲ ἀνεῖναι βουλόμενος μόνον τῆς ἀγωνίας, τοῦτο ἐποίει, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν προδότην διορθῶσαι θέλων. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλάκις ἀκούσας ἀδιορίστως, ἀδιόρθωτος ἔμενεν, ἀνάλγητος ὢν, βουλόμενος αὐτοῦ καθικέσθαι μᾶλλον, περιαιρεῖ τὸ προσωπεῖον αὐτοῦ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ λυπούμενοι ἤρξαντο λέγειν, Μήτι ἐγὼ, Κύριε; ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν· Ὁ ἐμβάψας μετ' ἐμοῦ ἐν τῷ τρυβλίῳ, οὗτός με παραδώσει. 58.732 Ὁ μὲν Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὑπάγει, καθὼς γέγραπται περὶ αὐτοῦ· οὐαὶ δὲ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ δι' οὗ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται· καλὸν ἦν αὐτῷ, εἰ οὐκ ἐγεννήθη ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος. Τινὲς μὲν οὖν φασιν, ὅτι οὕτως ἰταμὸς ἦν, ὡς μὴ τιμᾷν τὸν ∆ιδάσκαλον, ἀλλὰ μετ' αὐτοῦ βάπτειν· ἐμοὶ δὲ δοκεῖ καὶ τοῦτο ποιῆσαι ὁ Χριστὸς, μᾶλλον αὐτὸν ἐντρέπων, καὶ εἰς διάθεσιν ἐπισπώμενος· ἔχει γάρ τι καὶ τοῦτο πλέον. βʹ. Ταῦτα δὲ οὐχ ἁπλῶς παρατρέχειν δεῖ, ἀλλ' ἐμπεπηγέναι ἡμῶν ταῖς διανοίαις, καὶ οὐκ ἄν ποτε χώραν σχοίη θυμός. Τίς γὰρ ἐννοῶν τὸ δεῖπνον ἐκεῖνο, καὶ τὸν προδότην κατακείμενον μετὰ τοῦ πάντων Σωτῆρος, καὶ τὸν προδίδοσθαι μέλλοντα οὕτως ἐπιεικῶς διαλεγόμενον, οὐκ ἂν πάντα ἰὸν ἐκβάλοι θυμοῦ καὶ ὀργῆς; Ὅρα γοῦν πῶς πράως αὐτῷ προσφέρεται. Ὁ μὲν Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὑπάγει καθώς ἐστι γεγραμμένον περὶ αὐτοῦ. Ταῦτα δὲ πάλιν καὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς ἀνακτώμενος ἔλεγεν, ἵνα μὴ νομίσωσιν ἀσθενείας εἶναι τὸ πρᾶγμα, καὶ τὸν προδότην διορθούμενος. Οὐαὶ δὲ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐκείνῳ δι' οὗ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται· καλὸν ἦν αὐτῷ, εἰ οὐκ ἐγεννήθη ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος. Ὅρα πάλιν ἐν τοῖς ἐλέγχοις ἄφατον τὴν πραότητα. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐνταῦθα καταφορικῶς, ἀλλ' ἐλεεινότερον μᾶλλον τὸν λόγον προσάγει, καὶ συνεσκιασμένως πάλιν· καίτοιγε οὐχ ἡ ἔμπροσθεν μόνον ἀναισθησία, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ μετὰ ταῦτα ἀναισχυντία ἀξία τῆς ἐσχάτης ἀγανακτήσεως ἦν. Μετὰ γὰρ τὸν ἔλεγχον τοῦτόν φησι· Μήτι ἐγώ εἰμι, Κύριε; Ὢ τῆς ἀναισθησίας! Ἐξετάζει συνειδὼς ἑαυτῷ τοιαῦτα. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς θαυμάζων αὐτοῦ τὴν ἰταμότητα, τοῦτό φησι. Τί οὖν ὁ πραότατος καὶ ἡμερώτατος Ἰησοῦς; Σὺ εἶπας. Καίτοιγε ἐνῆν εἰπεῖν· Ὦ μιαρὲ καὶ παμμίαρε, ἐναγὲς καὶ βέβηλε· τοσοῦτον χρόνον ὠδίνων τὸ κακὸν, καὶ ἀπελθὼν, καὶ συμβόλαια