John Chrysostom, On Matthew

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Satan him? Because he does not enter all at once, nor in a single moment, but he first makes many attempts; which is indeed what also happened here. For having sounded him out at the beginning, and having attacked him gently, when he saw him suitable for his reception, he then breathed his whole self in there, and completely overcame him. But how, if they were eating the Passover, were they eating it unlawfully? For they should not have eaten reclining. What then is there 58.734 to say? That after eating, they were then reclining at the feast. But another evangelist says, that on that evening he not only ate the Passover, but also said: With desire I have desired to eat this Passover with you; that is, in this year. Why so? Because then the salvation of the world was about to happen, and the mysteries to be delivered, and sorrows to be loosed through death; so agreeable to his will was the cross. But nothing softened, or bent, or shamed the savage beast. He declared him wretched, saying: Woe to that man. He frightened him again, saying: It were good for him if he had not been born. He shamed him, saying: He to whom I shall give the morsel when I have dipped it. And none of these things restrained him, but as if by some madness he was captivated by avarice, or rather by a more grievous disease. For this madness is more grievous. For what such thing would a madman have done? This man did not foam at the mouth, but he uttered the murder of the Lord; he did not wring his hands, but stretched them out for the purchase of precious blood. Therefore the madness is greater, because being of sound mind he was mad. But does he not utter indistinct sounds? And what is more indistinct than this voice, What will you give me, and I will deliver him to you? I will deliver; the devil sounded through that mouth. But did he not strike the ground, convulsing with his feet? And how much better to be convulsed in that way, than to stand upright in this way? But did he not cut himself with stones? And how much better was that, than to do such things? Do you wish that we bring into the midst the demon-possessed and the avaricious, and make a comparison of both? But let no one consider the matter a personal insult. For we are not insulting nature, but reviling the practice. The demon-possessed man never wore clothes, cutting himself with stones, and he went running on untrodden and rough paths, and was driven with violence by the demon. Do not these things seem terrible? What then if I show that the avaricious do more grievous things than these to their own soul, and so much more grievous, that these things are considered child's play in comparison to those? Will you then desist from the disease? Come then, let us see if their condition is in any way more tolerable. Not at all; but even more grievous; for they are more shameful than ten thousand naked men. For it is far better to be naked of clothes, than to go about clothed with the things of greed, like those possessed by Dionysus. For just as those have masks and garments of madmen, so also do these. And just as madness causes the nakedness of the demon-possessed, so also does madness work this clothing; and the clothing is more pitiable than the nakedness. And I will try to show this from what follows. For whom would we say is more mad among the mad themselves? One who cuts himself, or one who cuts both himself and all he meets? It is clear that it is the latter. Therefore, those men stripped themselves, but these strip all they meet. But those men tear their garments. And how much would each of the wronged have preferred to have a garment torn, than to be stripped of all his substance? But they do not inflict blows on the face. Indeed, the greedy do this too; and if not all, yet all inflict more grievous pains on the belly through 58.735 hunger and poverty. But they do not bite with their teeth. Would that it were with teeth, and not with the weapons of greed, which are more grievous than teeth. For their teeth are weapons and arrows. For who will suffer more, one who is bitten once and immediately healed, or one who is constantly devoured by the teeth of poverty? For involuntary poverty is more grievous than a furnace and a wild beast. But they do not haunt the desolate places, like the demon-possessed. Would that they ran through the desolate places, and not the cities, and all who are in the cities would have security

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αὐτὸν ὁ Σατανᾶς; Ὅτι οὐκ ἀθρόον εἰσέρχεται, οὐδὲ ὑφ' ἓν, ἀλλὰ πολλὴν ποιεῖται τὴν ἀπόπειραν πρῶτον· ὃ δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα γέγονε. ∆ιακωδωνίσας γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐν ἀρχῇ, καὶ προσβαλὼν ἠρέμα, ἐπειδὴ εἶδεν ἐπιτήδειον πρὸς ὑποδοχὴν, ὅλος λοιπὸν ἐνταῦθα ἔπνευσε, καὶ ὁλοσχερῶς αὐτοῦ περιγέγονε. Πῶς δὲ, εἰ τὸ πάσχα ἤσθιον, παρανόμως ἤσθιον; οὐ γὰρ ἀνακειμένους ἔδει φαγεῖν. Τί οὖν ἔστιν 58.734 εἰπεῖν; Ὅτι μετὰ τὸ φαγεῖν, ἀνέκειντο λοιπὸν ἑστιώμενοι. Ἕτερος δὲ εὐαγγελιστής φησιν, ὅτι κατὰ τὴν ἑσπέραν ἐκείνην οὐκ ἤσθιε μόνον τὸ πάσχα, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔλεγεν· Ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἐπεθύμησα τὸ πάσχα τοῦτο φαγεῖν μεθ' ὑμῶν· τουτέστι, κατὰ τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν τοῦτον. Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι τότε ἔμελλε τῆς οἰκουμένης ἡ σωτηρία γίνεσθαι, καὶ τὰ μυστήρια παραδίδοσθαι, καὶ τὰ λυπηρὰ λύεσθαι διὰ τοῦ θανάτου· οὕτω κατὰ γνώμην αὐτῷ ὁ σταυρὸς ἦν. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τὸν ἀνήμερον θῆρα ἐμάλαξεν, οὐδὲ ἔκαμψεν, οὐδὲ ἐνέτρεψεν. Ἐταλάνισεν αὐτὸν εἰπών· Οὐαὶ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐκείνῳ. Ἐφόβησεν αὐτὸν πάλιν εἰπών· Καλὸν ἦν αὐτῷ, εἰ οὐκ ἐγεννήθη. Ἐνέτρεψεν αὐτὸν εἰπών· Ὧ ἐγὼ βάψας τὸ ψωμίον ἐπιδώσω. Καὶ οὐδὲν τούτων αὐτὸν κατέσχεν, ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ὑπὸ μανίας τινὸς ἑάλω τῆς φιλαργυρίας, μᾶλλον δὲ ὑπὸ χαλεπωτέρου νοσήματος. Καὶ γὰρ αὕτη χαλεπωτέρα ἡ μανία. Τί γὰρ ἂν τοιοῦτον εἰργάσατο ὁ μαινόμενος; Οὐ προΐετο ἀφρὸν ἐκ τοῦ στόματος οὗτος, ἀλλὰ προΐετο φόνον ∆εσποτικόν· οὐκ ἐστραγγάλου τὰς χεῖρας, ἀλλὰ προέτεινεν εἰς ὠνὴν αἵματος τιμίου. ∆ιὸ μείζων ἡ μανία, ὅτι ὑγιαίνων ἐμαίνετο. Ἀλλ' οὐ φθέγγεται ἄσημα; Καὶ τί τῆς φωνῆς ταύτης ἀσημότερον, Τί θέλετέ μοι δοῦναι, καὶ ἐγὼ ὑμῖν παραδώσω αὐτόν; Παραδώσω· ὁ διάβολος ἤχησε διὰ τοῦ στόματος ἐκείνου. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐπάταξε τὴν γῆν τοῖς ποσὶ σπαίρων; Καὶ πόσῳ βέλτιον ἐκείνως σπαίρειν, ἢ οὕτως ἑστάναι ὀρθόν; Ἀλλὰ λίθοις ἑαυτὸν οὐκ ἔκοπτε; Καὶ πόσῳ ἄμεινον ἦν, ἢ τοιαῦτα ἐργάσασθαι; Βούλεσθε εἰς μέσον ἀγάγωμεν τοὺς δαιμονῶντας καὶ τοὺς φιλαργύρους, καὶ ποιήσωμεν σύγκρισιν ἑκατέρων; Ἀλλὰ μηδεὶς οἰκείαν ἡγείσθω τὸ πρᾶγμα ὕβριν. Οὐ γὰρ τὴν φύσιν ὑβρίζομεν, ἀλλὰ τὸ πρᾶγμα κακίζομεν. Οὐδέποτε ἐνεδιδύσκετο ἱμάτια, λίθοις ἑαυτὸν κατακόπτων, ὁ δαιμονῶν, καὶ τὰς ἀβάτους ὁδοὺς καὶ τὰς τραχείας ἐπῄει τρέχων, καὶ κατὰ κράτος ἐλαυνόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ δαίμονος. Οὐ δοκεῖ ταῦτα φρικτὰ εἶναι; Τί οὖν ἂν δείξω τοὺς φιλαργύρους τούτων χαλεπώτερα ἐργαζομένους τὴν ψυχὴν τὴν ἑαυτῶν, καὶ οὕτω χαλεπώτερα, ὡς ταῦτα παιδιὰν πρὸς ἐκεῖνα νομίζεσθαι; Ἆρα ἀποστήσεσθε τῆς νόσου; Φέρε οὖν, ἴδωμεν εἴ τι ἀνεκτότερον αὐτῶν διάκεινται. Οὐδέν· ἀλλὰ καὶ χαλεπώτερον· καὶ γὰρ μυρίων γυμνῶν εἰσιν αἰσχρότεροι. Πολλῷ γὰρ βέλτιον γυμνὸν εἶναι ἱματίων, ἢ τὰ ἀπὸ πλεονεξίας ἐνδεδυμένον περιιέναι κατὰ τοὺς βακχευομένους τῷ ∆ιονύσῳ. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι προσωπεῖα καὶ ἱμάτια μαινομένων ἔχουσιν, οὕτω καὶ οὗτοι. Καὶ καθάπερ τὴν γύμνωσιν τῶν δαιμονώντων ποιεῖ μανία, οὕτω καὶ τὴν περιβολὴν ταύτην μανία ἐργάζεται· καὶ τῆς γυμνώσεως ἡ περιβολὴ ἐλεεινοτέρα. Καὶ τοῦτο ἐντεῦθεν δεῖξαι πειράσομαι. Τίνα γὰρ ἂν εἴποιμεν μᾶλλον μαίνεσθαι ἐν αὐτοῖς τοῖς μαινομένοις; εἴ τις ἑαυτὸν κατακόπτοι, ἢ εἴ τις μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ καὶ τοὺς ἀπαντῶντας ἅπαντας; Εὔδηλον ὅτι οὗτος. Οὐκοῦν ἐκεῖνοι μὲν ἑαυτοὺς ἐγύμνουν, οὗτοι δὲ ἅπαντας τοὺς ἀπαντῶντας. Ἀλλὰ διασχίζουσιν ἐκεῖνοι τὰ ἱμάτια. Καὶ πόσῳ ἂν κατεδέξατο τῶν ἠδικημένων ἕκαστος ἱμάτιον διαῤῥαγῆναι, ἢ πᾶσαν ἀποδυθῆναι τὴν οὐσίαν; Ἀλλὰ πληγὰς οὐκ ἐντείνουσιν εἰς τὸ πρόσωπον. Μάλιστα μὲν καὶ τοῦτο ποιοῦσιν οἱ πλεονέκται· εἰ δὲ μὴ πάντες, ἀλλ' εἰς τὴν γαστέρα διὰ τοῦ 58.735 λιμοῦ καὶ τῆς πενίας χαλεπωτέρας ἅπαντες ἐνιᾶσι τὰς ὀδύνας. Ἀλλ' οὐ δάκνουσιν ὀδοῦσιν. Εἴθε ὀδοῦσι, καὶ μὴ βέλεσι πλεονεξίας χαλεπωτέροις ὀδόντων. Οἱ γὰρ ὀδόντες αὐτῶν ὅπλα καὶ βέλη. Τίς γὰρ μᾶλλον ἀλγήσει, ὁ δηχθεὶς ἅπαξ καὶ εὐθέως θεραπευθεὶς, ἢ ὁ διαπαντὸς τοῖς ὀδοῦσι τῆς πενίας κατεσθιόμενος; Πενία γὰρ ἀκούσιος, καὶ καμίνου καὶ θηρίου χαλεπώτερον. Ἀλλ' οὐ διώκουσι τὰς ἐρημίας, καθάπερ οἱ δαιμονῶντες. Εἴθε τὰς ἐρημίας, καὶ μὴ τὰς πόλεις κατέτρεχον, καὶ πάντες ἂν οἱ ἐν πόλεσιν ἀδείας