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have enjoyed. But now they are in this respect also more intolerable than all of them, because they do in the cities these things which those others did in the deserts, making the cities deserts, and just as in a desert where there is no one to hinder them, so they plunder everyone's property. But they do not throw stones at those they meet. And what of that? For it is easy to guard against stones; but the wounds which they inflict on the miserable poor through paper and ink, composing documents full of countless blows, who of those who have fallen into their hands could ever easily guard against them? 4. But let us see also what things they inflict on themselves. They walk naked through the city; for they have no garment of virtue. And if this does not seem shameful to them, this too is a sign of their exceeding madness, that they are not even aware of their indecency; but while they are ashamed if their body is stripped, they pride themselves on carrying their soul about naked. And if you wish, I will also tell you the cause of their lack of perception. What then is the cause? They are naked among many who are thus naked, for which reason they are not even ashamed, just as we are not in the baths. For if there were many who were clothed in virtue, then their shame would have appeared greater. But now this is what is most worthy of many tears, that because there are many evil people, evil things are not even held in shame. For among other things the devil has wrought this also, to not even allow them to have a perception of their evils, but by the multitude of those who practice wickedness, to overshadow its shame; since if it happened that such a one were in the midst of many who live as philosophers, he would have seen his own nakedness more clearly. That they are therefore more naked than the demon-possessed, is clear from these things; and that they frequent deserted places, no one would deny this either. For the broad and spacious way is more deserted than any desert. For though it has many who travel it, yet it has no human beings, but serpents, scorpions, wolves, vipers, asps. For such are those who practice wickedness. And not only is it a desert, but also more rugged than that other one. And this is clear from this. For rocks and ravines and mountain-ridges do not so strike those who climb them, as robbery and covetousness do the souls that follow it. And that they live among the tombs, like the demon-possessed, or rather are themselves tombs, is clear from this. For what is a tomb? A stone, having a dead body lying within. How then do the bodies of these men differ from those stones? or rather, these are even more pitiful than those. For it is not a stone having a dead body, but a body more senseless than stones, carrying about a dead soul. Wherefore one would not be wrong in calling them tombs. For our Lord also called the Jews so, for this reason especially; for He added, saying; But within they are full of robbery and covetousness. Do you wish me to show, then, how they also cut their own heads with stones? From where then first, tell me, do you wish to learn this? from the things 58.736 here, or from the things to come? But they have little regard for the things to come; therefore the things here must be spoken of. For how many stones are not the cares more grievous than, not wounding heads, but consuming the soul? For they are afraid, lest the things that entered unjustly should justly depart from their house; they tremble for the worst, they are angry, they are provoked, with their own, with strangers; and now despondency, now fear, now anger succeeds one another in them, and as if crossing from cliff to cliff, they also wait anxiously each day for the things not yet acquired. For which reason they take no pleasure in what they have, both because they have no confidence about their security, and because with their whole mind they are gaping for the things not yet taken. And just as one who is constantly thirsty, even if he should drink up ten thousand springs, does not feel the pleasure, because he does not receive satisfaction; so also these, not only do they not take pleasure, but they are even tormented, by as much as they acquire, because they know no end to such desire. And such are the things here; but let us speak also concerning the coming day. For even if they themselves do not pay attention, still it is necessary for us to speak. Therefore on the coming day one might see such men being punished everywhere. For when he says,

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ἀπήλαυσαν. Νυνὶ δὲ καὶ ταύτῃ πάντων ἐκείνων εἰσὶν ἀφορητότεροι, ὅτι ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι ταῦτα ποιοῦσιν, ἅπερ ἐν ἐρημίαις ἐκεῖνοι, τὰς πόλεις ἐρημίας ἐργαζόμενοι, καὶ καθάπερ ἐν ἐρημίᾳ οὐδενὸς ὄντος τοῦ κωλύοντος, οὕτω τὰ πάντων συλῶντες. Ἀλλ' οὐ βάλλουσι λίθοις τοὺς ἀπαντῶντας. Καὶ τί τοῦτο; Λίθους μὲν γὰρ ῥᾴδιον καὶ φυλάξασθαι· ἃ δὲ διὰ χάρτου καὶ μέλανος ἐργάζονται τοῖς ταλαιπώροις πένησι τραύματα, γραμματεῖα μυρίων πληγῶν γέμοντα συντιθέντες, τίς ἄν ποτε ῥᾳδίως φυλάξαιτο τῶν ἐμπεσόντων; δʹ. Ἴδωμεν δὲ καὶ ἑαυτοὺς ὅσα ἐργάζονται. Γυμνοὶ περιπατοῦσι κατὰ τὴν πόλιν· ἱμάτιον γὰρ αὐτοῖς οὐκ ἔστιν ἀρετῆς. Εἰ δὲ οὐ δοκεῖ τοῦτο αὐτοῖς αἰσχρὸν εἶναι, καὶ τοῦτο τῆς ὑπερβαλλούσης αὐτῶν μανίας, ὅτι οὐδὲ αἰσθάνονται τῆς ἀσχημοσύνης· ἀλλὰ σῶμα μὲν γυμνωθέντες αἰσχύνονται, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν γυμνὴν περιφέροντες ἐγκαλλωπίζονται. Εἰ δὲ βούλεσθε, καὶ τὸ αἴτιον τῆς ἀναισθησίας ἐρῶ. Τί οὖν τὸ αἴτιον; Ἐν πολλοῖς οὕτω γυμνουμένοις γυμνοῦνται, διόπερ οὐδὲ αἰσχύνονται, καθάπερ οὐδὲ ἐν τοῖς βαλανείοις ἡμεῖς. Ὡς εἴγε πολλοὶ ἦσαν οἱ τὴν ἀρετὴν περιβεβλημένοι, τότε ἂν μειζόνως τὸ αἶσχος αὐτῶν ἐφάνη. Νῦν δὲ τοῦτο μάλιστά ἐστι τὸ πολλῶν δακρύων ἄξιον, ὅτι διὰ τὸ πολλοὺς εἶναι κακοὺς οὐδὲ ἐν αἰσχύνῃ τὰ κακά. Μετὰ γὰρ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ τοῦτο εἰργάσατο ὁ διάβολος, τὸ μηδὲ αἴσθησιν ἀφιέναι λαβεῖν τῶν κακῶν, ἀλλὰ τῷ πλήθει τῶν μετιόντων τὴν πονηρίαν συσκιάζειν αὐτῆς τὴν αἰσχύνην· ἐπεὶ εἰ συνέβη ἐν πλήθει πολλῶν εἶναι φιλοσοφούντων, μᾶλλον ἂν εἶδεν αὐτοῦ τὴν γύμνωσιν ὁ τοιοῦτος. Ὅτι μὲν οὖν τῶν δαιμονώντων εἰσὶ γυμνότεροι, δῆλον ἐκ τούτων· ὅτι δὲ καὶ ἐρήμους ἐπέρχονται, οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἄν τις ἀντείποι. Ἡ γὰρ πλατεῖα καὶ εὐρύχωρος ἐρήμου πάσης ἐρημοτέρα. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ πολλοὺς ἔχει τοὺς ὁδεύοντας, ἀλλ' ὅμως ἀνθρώπων οὐδένα, ἀλλ' ὄφεις, σκορπίους, λύκους, ἔχεις, ἀσπίδας. Τοιοῦτοι γὰρ οἱ τὴν πονηρίαν μετιόντες. Οὐκ ἐρήμη δὲ μόνον αὕτη, ἀλλὰ καὶ τραχυτέρα ἐκείνης. Καὶ τοῦτο δῆλον ἐντεῦθεν. Οὐ γὰρ οὕτω πλήττουσι λίθοι καὶ φάραγγες καὶ ἀκρώρειαι τοὺς ἀναβαίνοντας αὐτὰς, ὡς ἁρπαγὴ καὶ πλεονεξία τὰς μετιούσας αὐτὴν ψυχάς. Ὅτι δὲ καὶ παρὰ τὰ μνημεῖα ζῶσι, καθάπερ οἱ δαιμονῶντες, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ μνήματά εἰσι, δῆλον ἐντεῦθεν. Τί γάρ ἐστι μνημεῖον; Λίθος, σῶμα νεκρὸν ἔχων ἐγκείμενον. Τί οὖν ἐκείνων διαφέρει τῶν λίθων τὰ τούτων σώματα; μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἐκείνων ἐλεεινότερα ταῦτα. Οὐ γὰρ λίθος ἐστὶ σῶμα νεκρὸν ἔχων, ἀλλὰ σῶμα λίθων ἀναισθητότερον, ψυχὴν περιφέρον νεκράν. ∆ιὸ οὐκ ἄν τις ἁμάρτοι τάφους αὐτοὺς προσειπών. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν οὕτως ἐκάλεσε τοὺς Ἰουδαίους, διὰ τοῦτο μάλιστα· ἐπήγαγε γοῦν λέγων· Ἔσωθεν δὲ γέμουσιν ἁρπαγῆς καὶ πλεονεξίας. Βούλεσθε λοιπὸν δείξω, πῶς καὶ λίθοις τὰς ἑαυτῶν κατατέμνουσι κεφαλάς; Πόθεν οὖν πρῶτον, εἰπέ μοι, τοῦτο βούλει μαθεῖν; ἀπὸ τῶν 58.736 ἐντεῦθεν, ἢ ἀπὸ τῶν μελλόντων; Ἀλλὰ τῶν μελλόντων αὐτοῖς οὐ πολὺς ὁ λόγος· οὐκοῦν τὰ ἐνταῦθα ῥητέον. Πόσων γὰρ λίθων οὐ χαλεπώτεραι αἱ φροντίδες, οὐ κεφαλὰς τιτρώσκουσαι, ἀλλὰ ψυχὴν δαπανῶσαι; ∆εδοίκασι γὰρ, μήποτε δικαίως ἐκ τῆς αὐτῶν οἰκίας ἐξέλθῃ τὰ ἀδίκως ἐπεισελθόντα· τρέμουσιν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐσχάτων, ὀργίζονται, παροξύνονται, πρὸς οἰκείους, πρὸς ἀλλοτρίους· καὶ νῦν μὲν ἀθυμία, νῦν δὲ φόβος, νῦν δὲ θυμὸς αὐτοὺς διαδέχεται, καὶ καθάπερ κρημνοὺς ἀπὸ κρημνῶν διαβαίνοντες, καὶ τὰ μηδέπω κτηθέντα καθ' ἑκάστην καραδοκοῦσι τὴν ἡμέραν. ∆ιόπερ οὐδὲ ἥδονται ὑπὲρ ὧν ἔχουσι, τῷ τε μὴ θαῤῥεῖν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀσφαλείας αὐτῶν, τῷ τε ὅλῃ τῇ διανοίᾳ πρὸς τὰ μηδέπω ληφθέντα κεχηνέναι. Καὶ καθάπερ ὁ διηνεκῶς διψῶν, κἂν μυρίας ἐκπίῃ πηγὰς, οὐκ αἰσθάνεται τῆς ἡδονῆς, διὰ τὸ μὴ λαμβάνειν κόρον· οὕτω καὶ οὗτοι, οὐ μόνον οὐχ ἥδονται, ἀλλὰ καὶ βασανίζονται, ὅσῳ ἂν περιβάλλωνται, τῷ μηδὲν εἰδέναι πέρας τῆς τοιαύτης ἐπιθυμίας. Καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐνταῦθα τοιαῦτα· εἴπωμεν δὲ καὶ περὶ τῆς μελλούσης ἡμέρας. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ αὐτοὶ μὴ προσέχουσιν, ἀλλ' ἡμῖν ἀναγκαῖον εἰπεῖν. Κατὰ τὴν μέλλουσαν οὖν ἡμέραν πανταχοῦ κολαζομένους ἴδοι τις ἂν τοὺς τοιούτους. Καὶ γὰρ ὅταν λέγῃ,