John Chrysostom, On Matthew

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of those who are unknown, but I speak concerning those who are known. Should I say something more dreadful? It is not so grievous for those who are possessed to be within, as for these, whom Paul says have trampled Christ underfoot, and have counted the blood of the covenant an unholy thing, and have done despite unto the Spirit of grace. For he that has sinned and approaches is worse than one possessed by a demon. For the latter, because they are possessed by demons, are not punished; but the former, when they approach unworthily, are delivered to undying punishment. Let us not then drive these away only, but all without exception whom we may see approaching unworthily. Let no one who is not a disciple communicate. Let no Judas receive, that he may not suffer the fate of Judas. It is the body of Christ and 58.746 this multitude. See to it then, you who minister the mysteries, that you do not provoke the Master by not cleansing this body; do not give a sword instead of food. But even if he comes in ignorance to partake, forbid him, be not afraid. Fear God, not man. If you fear man, you will be laughed at even by him; but if you fear God, you will be revered even by men. But if you yourself do not dare, bring him to me; I will not allow these things to be dared. I will sooner give up my life than impart the Lord's blood unworthily; and I will shed my own blood sooner than impart such dreadful blood contrary to what is right. But if after much investigation someone has failed to recognize the wicked man, there is no blame. For these things I have said are concerning those who are manifest. For if we correct these, God will quickly make known to us those who are unknown; but if we let these go, for what reason will He then make the others manifest to us? But I say these things, not that we should drive them away, nor that we should cut them off only, but that having corrected them we may bring them back, that we may take care of them. For so we shall have God merciful, and we shall find many who partake worthily, and for our own diligence and our care for others we shall receive a great reward; which may it be granted to us all to obtain, by the grace and loving-kindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.

58.745 HOMILY 83. Then cometh Jesus with them unto a place called

Gethsemane, and saith unto the disciples, Sit ye here, while I go and pray yonder. And He took with Him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee. and began to be sorrowful and very heavy, and saith unto them, My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death: tarry ye

here, and watch with me. 1. Since they clung to him inseparably, for this reason He says, Tarry ye here, while

I go and pray. For it was His custom to pray apart from them. And this He did, teaching us in our prayers to provide for ourselves quiet and much tranquility. And He takes the three, and says to them, My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death. For what reason does He not take them all? Lest they should fall away; but these, who had become spectators of His glory. But nevertheless He leaves even these, And going a little further, He prays, saying, O My Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me: nevertheless not as I will, but as thou wilt. And He cometh unto them, and findeth them asleep, and saith unto Peter, What, could ye not watch with me one hour? Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak. He does not simply address Peter especially, although the others also were asleep; but touching him even from this, for the reason I stated before. Then, since the others also said the same thing, (for when Peter said, it says, Though I should die with thee, yet will I not deny thee; likewise also, it says, said all the disciples) He discourses to them all, rebuking their weakness. For those who chose to die with Him, were not even able to grieve with Him then in His grief while awake, but there overcame them the

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ἀγνοουμένων, ἀλλὰ περὶ τῶν γνωρίμων λέγω. Εἴπω τι φρικωδέστερον; Οὐχ οὕτω χαλεπὸν τοὺς ἐνεργουμένους ἔνδον εἶναι, ὡς τούτους, οὕς φησιν ὁ Παῦλος τὸν Χριστὸν καταπατῆσαι, καὶ τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης κοινὸν ἡγήσασθαι, καὶ τὴν χάριν τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐνυβρίσαι. ∆αιμονῶντος γὰρ χείρων ὁ ἡμαρτηκὼς καὶ προσιών. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐπειδὴ δαιμονῶσιν, οὐ κολάζονται· οὗτοι δὲ ὅταν ἀναξίως προσίωσιν, ἀθανάτῳ παραδίδονται τιμωρίᾳ. Μὴ τοίνυν τούτους ἐλαύνωμεν μόνον, ἀλλὰ πάντας ἁπλῶς, οὓς ἂν ἴδωμεν ἀναξίως προσιόντας. Μηδεὶς κοινωνείτω τῶν μὴ μαθητῶν. Μηδεὶς λαμβανέτω Ἰούδας, ἵνα μὴ τὰ Ἰούδα πάθῃ. Σῶμά ἐστι Χριστοῦ καὶ 58.746 τουτὶ τὸ πλῆθος. Ὅρα τοίνυν, ὁ διακονούμενος τοῖς μυστηρίοις, μὴ παροξύνῃς τὸν ∆εσπότην, οὐκ ἐκκαθαίρων τὸ σῶμα τοῦτο· μὴ ξίφος δῷς ἀντὶ τροφῆς. Ἀλλὰ κἂν ὑπὸ ἀγνοίας ἐκεῖνος ἔρχηται μεθέξων, κώλυσον, μὴ φοβηθῇς. Φοβήθητι τὸν Θεὸν, μὴ ἄνθρωπον. Ἂν φοβηθῇς ἄνθρωπον, καὶ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ καταγελασθήσῃ· ἂν δὲ τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ ἀνθρώποις αἰδέσιμος ἔσῃ. Εἰ δὲ αὐτὸς οὐ τολμᾷς, ἐμοὶ πρόσαγε· οὐ συγχωρήσω ταῦτα τολμᾶσθαι. Τῆς ψυχῆς ἀποστήσομαι πρότερον, ἢ τοῦ αἵματος μεταδώσω τοῦ ∆εσποτικοῦ παρ' ἀξίαν· καὶ τὸ αἷμα τὸ ἐμαυτοῦ προήσομαι πρότερον, ἢ μεταδώσω αἵματος οὕτω φρικώδους παρὰ τὸ προσῆκον. Εἰ δὲ ἠγνόησέ τις τὸν φαῦλον πολλὰ περιεργασάμενος, οὐδὲν ἔγκλημα. Ταῦτα γάρ μοι περὶ τῶν δήλων εἴρηται. Ἂν γὰρ τούτους διορθώσωμεν, καὶ τοὺς ἀγνῶτας ταχέως ἡμῖν ὁ Θεὸς γνωριεῖ· ἂν δὲ τούτους ἐάσωμεν, τίνος ἕνεκεν ἡμῖν ἐκείνους ποιήσει φανεροὺς λοιπόν; Ταῦτα δὲ λέγω, οὐχ ἵνα ἀπείργωμεν, οὐδ' ἵνα ἐκτέμνωμεν μόνον, ἀλλ' ἵνα διορθώσαντες ἐπαναγάγωμεν, ἵνα ἐπιμελώμεθα. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ τὸν Θεὸν ἵλεων ἕξομεν, καὶ πολλοὺς τοὺς κατ' ἀξίαν μεταλαμβάνοντας εὑρήσομεν, καὶ τῆς οἰκείας σπουδῆς καὶ τῆς περὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἐπιμελείας πολὺν ἀποληψόμεθα τὸν μισθόν· οὗ γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

58.745 ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΠΓʹ. Τότε ἔρχεται μετ' αὐτῶν ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς χωρίον λεγόμενον

Γεθσημανῆ, καὶ λέγει τοῖς μαθηταῖς· Καθίσατε αὐτοῦ, ἕως ἂν ἀπελθὼν προσεύξωμαι ἐκεῖ. Καὶ παραλαβὼν τὸν Πέτρον καὶ τοὺς δύο υἱοὺς Ζεβεδαίου. ἤρξατο λυπεῖσθαι καὶ ἀδημο νεῖν, καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Περίλυπός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου ἕως θανάτου· μείνατε

ὧδε, καὶ γρηγορεῖτε μετ' ἐμοῦ. αʹ. Ἐπειδὴ ἀδιασπάστως αὐτοῦ εἴχοντο, διὰ τοῦτό φησι· Μείνατε αὐτοῦ, ἕως

ἀπελθὼν προσεύξωμαι. Ἔθος γὰρ αὐτῷ χωρὶς αὐτῶν προσεύχεσθαι. Τοῦτο δὲ ἐποίει, παιδεύων ἡμᾶς ἐν ταῖς εὐχαῖς ἡσυχίαν κατασκευάζειν ἑαυτοῖς καὶ ἠρεμίαν πολλήν. Καὶ παραλαμβάνει τοὺς τρεῖς, καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Περίλυπός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου ἕως θανάτου. Τίνος ἕνεκεν μὴ πάντας παραλαμβάνει; Ἵνα μὴ καταπέσωσιν· ἀλλὰ τούτους, τοὺς τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ θεωροὺς γενομένους. Ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ τούτους ἀφίησι, Καὶ μικρὸν προελθὼν, εὔχεται λέγων· Πάτερ, εἰ δυνατὸν, παρελθέτω ἀπ' ἐμοῦ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο· πλὴν οὐχ ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω, ἀλλ' ὡς σύ. Καὶ ἔρχεται πρὸς αὐτοὺς, καὶ εὑρίσκει αὐτοὺς καθεύδοντας, καὶ λέγει τῷ Πέτρῳ· Οὕτως οὐκ ἰσχύσατε μίαν ὥραν γρηγορῆσαι μετ' ἐμοῦ; Γρηγορεῖτε καὶ προσεύχεσθε, ἵνα μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς πειρασμόν. Τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς πρὸς Πέτρον μάλιστα ἀποτείνεται, καίτοι καὶ τῶν ἄλλων καθευδησάντων· ἀλλὰ καθικνούμενος αὐτοῦ κἀντεῦθεν διὰ τὴν αἰτίαν ἣν ἔμπροσθεν εἶπον. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι τὸ αὐτὸ εἶπον, (εἰπόντος γὰρ, φησὶ, Πέτρου, ὅτι Κἂν δέῃ με σὺν σοὶ ἀποθανεῖν, οὐ μή σε ἀπαρνήσομαι· ὁμοίως δὲ, φησὶ, καὶ πάντες οἱ μαθηταὶ εἶπον) πρὸς ἅπαντας διαλέγεται, ἐλέγχων αὐτῶν τὴν ἀσθένειαν. Οἱ γὰρ συναποθανεῖν αἱρούμενοι, οὐδὲ λυπουμένῳ τότε συλλυπηθῆναι ἴσχυσαν ἐγρηγορότες, ἀλλ' ἐκράτησεν αὐτῶν ὁ