524

They were insolent. They reviled, they mocked, they laughed, they jeered; Jews, soldiers from below; from above, on either side, robbers; for both the robbers were insolent to him and reproached him. How then does Luke say that the one rebuked? Both things happened; for at first both reproached him, but later no longer. For so that you might not think that the matter happened by some agreement, nor that the robber was not a robber, he shows you from the insolence that up on the cross he was a robber and an enemy, and was suddenly changed. Considering all these things, therefore, be a philosopher. For what do you suffer such as your Master suffered? Were you publicly insulted? But not such things as these. Are you mocked? But not your whole body, nor thus being scourged and stripped naked. And if you were also struck, yet not in this way. 3. Add for me, also by whom, and why, and when, and who He was; and what is most grievous, that while these things were happening, no one brought a charge, no one found fault with what was being done; but on the contrary, all were even praising them, and joined in the jeering, and joined in the scoffing, and as a boaster and a deceiver and an impostor, and as one unable to show in his deeds what he said, so they reviled him. But he is silent in the face of all things, preparing for us the greatest medicines of long-suffering. But we, hearing these things, are not patient even toward our servants, but leap and kick more than wild asses; being cruel and inhuman about things done to us, but taking little account of things done to God. And we are similarly disposed toward friends; if someone grieves us, we do not bear it; if someone insults us, we become more savage than wild beasts, we who read these things every day. The disciple betrayed him; the rest, abandoning him, fled; those who had been well-treated spat; the high priest's servant struck him; the soldiers buffeted him; the passers-by scoffed and reviled; the robbers accused him; and to no one did he utter a word, but by his silence he conquered all, teaching you by his actions that the more meekly you bear things, the more you will prevail over those who do evil, and you will be admired by all. For who will not admire one who bears with forbearance the insults from those who abuse him? For just as even if one suffers justly, by bearing the evil meekly, he is thought by the many to suffer unjustly; so even if he suffers unjustly, but is insolent, he will get the suspicion of suffering justly, and will be ridiculous, as a captive dragged along by anger, and losing his own nobility. For such a one ought not even to be called free, even if he is master of ten thousand slaves. But so-and-so provoked you vehemently? And what of it? For then is the time to display philosophy; since when there is no one to provoke, we will see even wild beasts to be tame; for not even they are always savage, but only when someone stirs them up. And so if we are quiet only then, when there is no one to provoke us, what is the advantage? For they are often indignant with justice, and have much excuse; for being prodded and goaded they are aroused; and apart from this, they are deprived of reason, and have savageness in their nature. But you, tell me, from where will you be able to obtain pardon, being savage and wild? What terrible thing have you suffered? Have you been robbed? For this very reason, therefore, one must bear it, so as to gain more. But 58.773 have you been deprived of glory? And what of it? For in no way are your circumstances diminished by this, if you are a philosopher. But if you suffer nothing terrible, whence your anger at one who has done you no evil, but has even benefited you? For those who honor make those who are not sober more conceited; but those who are insolent and contemptuous make those who pay attention to themselves more patient. For the indolent are harmed more when honored than when insulted. And these, if we are sober, become causes of philosophy for us; but those others raise up our pride, fill us with arrogance, vainglory, stupidity, and make our soul softer. And fathers bear witness to this, who do not so much flatter their own sons as they reprove them, fearing lest they receive some harm from this; and teachers use this medicine toward them. So that if one must turn away,

524

ὕβριζον. ἐλοιδόρουν, ἐκωμῴδουν, ἐγέλων, ἐχλεύαζον· Ἰουδαῖοι, στρατιῶται κάτωθεν· ἄνωθεν, ἑκατέρωθεν λῃσταί· καὶ γὰρ οἱ λῃσταὶ ὕβριζον αὐτὸν καὶ ὠνείδιζον ἀμφότεροι. Πῶς οὖν ὁ Λουκᾶς φησιν, ὅτι ὁ εἷς ἐπετίμα; Ἀμφότερα γέγονε· πρότερον μὲν γὰρ ἀμφότεροι ὠνείδιζον, ὕστερον δὲ οὐκέτι. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ νομίσῃς ἔκ τινος συνθήματος τὸ πρᾶγμα γεγενῆσθαι, μηδὲ εἶναι λῃστὴν τὸν λῃστὴν, ἀπὸ τῆς ὕβρεως δείκνυσί σοι, ὅτι ἄνω ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ λῃστὴς ἦν καὶ ἐχθρὸς, καὶ ἀθρόον μετεβλήθη. Ταῦτ' οὖν ἅπαντα λογιζόμενος φιλοσόφει. Τί γὰρ πάσχεις τοιοῦτον, οἷον ἔπαθεν ὁ ∆εσπότης σου; ∆ημοσίᾳ ὑβρίσθης; Ἀλλ' οὐ τοιαῦτα. Χλευάζῃ; Ἀλλ'οὐ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα, οὐδὲ οὕτω μαστιζόμενος καὶ γυμνούμενος. Εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐκολαφίσθης, ἀλλ' οὐχ οὕτως. γʹ. Προστίθει δέ μοι, καὶ ὑπὸ τίνων, καὶ διατί, καὶ πότε, καὶ τίς· καὶ τὸ δὴ χαλεπώτατον, ὅτι τούτων γινομένων οὐδεὶς ἐνεκάλει, οὐδεὶς ἐμέμφετο τὰ γινόμενα· ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον, καὶ ἐπῄνουν ἅπαντες, καὶ συνεχλεύαζον, καὶ συνέσκωπτον, καὶ ὡς ἀλαζόνα καὶ ἀπατεῶνα καὶ πλάνον, καὶ οὐκ ἔχοντα δεῖξαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων ἅπερ εἶπεν, οὕτως αὐτὸν ἐλοιδόρουν. Ὁ δὲ σιγᾷ πρὸς πάντα, φάρμακα μέγιστα κατασκευάζων ἡμῖν μακροθυμίας. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς ταῦτα ἀκούοντες, οὐδὲ πρὸς οἰκέτας καρτεροῦμεν, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἀγρίων ὄνων μείζονα πηδῶμεν καὶ λακτίζομεν· ὑπὲρ μὲν τῶν εἰς ἡμᾶς ὠμοὶ καὶ ἀπάνθρωποι ὄντες, ὑπὲρ δὲ τῶν εἰς Θεὸν οὐ πολὺν ποιούμενοι λόγον. Καὶ περὶ φίλους δὲ ὁμοίως διακείμεθα· κἂν λυπήσῃ τις, οὐ φέρομεν· κἂν ὑβρίσῃ, θηρίων ἀγριαίνομεν μᾶλλον, οἱ καθ' ἑκάστην ταῦτα ἀναγινώσκοντες τὴν ἡμέραν. Ὁ μαθητὴς προέδωκεν· οἱ λοιποὶ καταλιπόντες αὐτὸν ἔφυγον· οἱ εὐεργετηθέντες ἐνέπτυσαν· ὁ δοῦλος τοῦ ἀρχιερέως ἐῤῥάπισεν· οἱ στρατιῶται ἐκολάφιζον· οἱ παριόντες ἔσκωπτον καὶ ἐλοιδόρουν· οἱ λῃσταὶ κατηγόρουν· καὶ πρὸς οὐδένα ἐξέβαλε ῥῆμα, ἀλλὰ τῇ σιγῇ ἅπαντας ἐνίκα, σὲ παιδεύων διὰ τῶν ἔργων, ὅτι ὅσῳ ἂν ἐνέγκῃς πράως, τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον τῶν κακῶς ποιούντων κρατήσεις, καὶ παρὰ πᾶσιν ἔσῃ θαυμαστός. Τίς γὰρ οὐ θαυμάσεται τὸν ἐπιεικῶς φέροντα τὰς παρὰ τῶν ἐπηρεαζόντων ὕβρεις; Ὥσπερ γὰρ κἂν δικαίως πάσχῃ τις, τὸ κακὸν ἐνεγκὼν πράως, νομίζεται παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς ἀδίκως πάσχειν· οὕτω κἂν ἀδίκως πάσχῃ, θρασύνηται δὲ, τοῦ δικαίως πάσχειν ὑπόνοιαν λήψεται, καὶ καταγέλαστος ἔσται, ὡς αἰχμάλωτος συρόμενος ὑπὸ τῆς ὀργῆς, καὶ τὴν εὐγένειαν ἀπολλὺς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ. Τὸν γὰρ τοιοῦτον οὐδὲ ἐλεύθερον δεῖ προσειπεῖν, κἂν μυρίων δεσπόζῃ δούλων. Ἀλλὰ σφοδρῶς σε παρώξυνεν ὁ δεῖνα; Καὶ τί τοῦτο; Τότε γὰρ δεῖ τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ἐνδείκνυσθαι· ὡς ὅταν μηδεὶς ὁ παρακνίζων ᾖ, καὶ τὰ θηρία ὀψόμεθα ἥμερα· οὔτε γὰρ ἐκεῖνα ἀεὶ ἀγριοῦται, ἀλλ' ὅταν αὐτά τις διεγείρῃ. Καὶ ἡμεῖς τοίνυν, ἐὰν τότε μόνον ἡσυχάζωμεν, ὅταν μηδεὶς ὁ παροξύνων ᾖ, τί τὸ πλέον; Ἐκεῖνα μὲν γὰρ καὶ δικαίως ἀγανακτεῖ πολλάκις, καὶ πολλὴν ἔχει τὴν ἀπολογίαν· καὶ γὰρ κινούμενα καὶ νυττόμενα διεγείρεται· χωρὶς δὲ τούτων, καὶ λογισμῶν ἐστιν ἐστερημένα, καὶ ἐν τῇ φύσει τὸ θηριοῦσθαι ἔχει. Σὺ δὲ πόθεν, εἰπέ μοι, θηριούμενος καὶ ἀγριαίνων δυνήσῃ συγγνώμης τυχεῖν; Τί πέπονθας δεινόν; ἡρπάγης; ∆ι' αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο δεῖ ἐνεγκεῖν, ὥστε μειζόνως κερδᾶναι. Ἀλλὰ 58.773 δόξης ἀπεστερήθης; Καὶ τί τοῦτο; Οὐδὲν γὰρ ἠλάττωται ταύτῃ τὰ κατὰ σὲ, ἐὰν φιλοσοφῇς. Εἰ δὲ οὐδὲν πάσχεις δεινὸν, πόθεν ὀργίζῃ τῷ μηδέν σε διαθέντι κακὸν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὠφεληκότι; Οἱ μὲν γὰρ τιμῶντες, τοὺς μὴ νήφοντας καὶ χαυνοτέρους ποιοῦσιν· οἱ δὲ ὑβρίζοντες καὶ καταφρονοῦντες, τοὺς ἑαυτοῖς προσέχοντας καρτερικωτέρους ἐργάζονται. Οἱ γὰρ δὴ ῥᾴθυμοι τιμώμενοι μᾶλλον ἀδικοῦνται, ἢ ὑβριζόμενοι. Καὶ οὗτοι μὲν, ἐὰν νήφωμεν, αἴτιοι γίνονται φιλοσοφίας ἡμῖν· ἐκεῖνοι δὲ τὸν τῦφον ἡμῶν ἐπαίρουσιν, ἀλαζονείας, κενοδοξίας, βλακείας πληροῦσι, μαλακωτέραν ἡμῶν ἐργάζονται τὴν ψυχήν. Καὶ μαρτυροῦσιν οἱ πατέρες οἱ τοὺς ἑαυτῶν υἱοὺς οὐ τοσαῦτα κολακεύοντες ὅσα ὑβρίζουσι, δεδοικότες μή τινα ἐντεῦθεν δέξωνται βλάβην· καὶ οἱ διδάσκαλοι τούτῳ πρὸς αὐτοὺς κέχρηνται τῷ φαρμάκῳ. Ὥστε εἰ χρὴ ἀποστρέφεσθαι,