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and from the duration of time; for it remained for three hours; but an eclipse happens in a single moment of time; and those who have seen this know it; for it has happened even in our own generation. And how is it, he says, that all did not marvel, nor believe that it was God? Because the race of men at that time was held in much indifference and malice. And this miracle was a single event, and having occurred it immediately passed; and no one cared to seek its cause, and great was the prejudice and habit of impiety. And 58.776 they did not even know the cause of what was happening; and they perhaps thought this had occurred because of an eclipse or some other natural sequence. And why do you wonder about those outside who knew nothing, nor sought to know, because of their great indifference, when those in Judea itself, after so many miracles, still persisted in their insults, although it was clearly shown to them that he himself had done this? For on this account he utters a sound after this, that they might learn that he was still alive, and that he himself did this, and might from this become more reasonable; and he says: Eli, Eli, lima sabachthani, so that to his last breath they might see that he honors the Father, and is not an adversary to God. For this reason he also uttered a certain prophetic voice, bearing witness to the Old Testament even to the last hour; and not simply a prophetic voice, but also a Hebrew voice, so that it might be familiar and very plain to them; and through all things he shows his unanimity with the one who begot him. But see from this their insolence, and their licentiousness, and their folly. They thought, he says, that it was Elijah who was being called, and immediately they gave him vinegar to drink. But another came and pierced his side with a spear. What could be more lawless than these things, what more brutal, who extended their madness so far, as to insult even a dead body? But consider for me how he has used their lawless acts for our salvation. For after the wound, the wounds of our salvation gushed forth from there. But Jesus, crying with a loud voice, gave up the spirit. This is what he said: I have power to lay down my life, and I have power to take it up again; and, I lay it down of myself. For he cried out with a loud voice for this reason, that it might be shown that the thing was done by his authority. At any rate Mark says, that Pilate marveled that he was already dead; and that the centurion for this reason especially believed, because he died with authority. This voice rent the veil, and opened the tombs, and made the house desolate. And he did this not to insult the temple; (for how could he, who said, Do not make my Father’s house a house of trade?) but showing them to be unworthy even of passing time there, just as when he delivered it to the Babylonians. But these things happened not for this reason alone, but what was happening was also a prophecy of the coming desolation, and of the transfer to greater and higher things, and of his power. 2. And after these things and from what came after, he showed himself, from the resurrection of the dead [from the dimming of the light, from the alteration of the elements]. For in the time of Elisha one dead man, touching another dead man, arose; but now a voice raised them, while the body lay above on the cross. And besides, that event was a type of this one. For that this might be believed, for this reason that also happened. And they are not simply raised, but rocks are also rent, and the earth is shaken, that they might learn that he was able both to maim and to break them. For he who cut the rocks apart, and darkened the world, would much more have done these things to them, if indeed 58.777 he had wished. But he did not wish it, but releasing his wrath upon the elements, he wished to save them out of forbearance. But they did not abate their madness. For such is envy, such is malice; it is not easily stopped. At that time, then, they were shameless even toward the very phenomena; and after this when he rose while a seal was set and soldiers were guarding, and they heard these things from the guards themselves, they even gave money to corrupt others, and to steal the account of the resurrection. Do not wonder, therefore, if even then they were ungrateful, being so completely prepared for

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καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ καιροῦ· τρεῖς γὰρ ὥρας παρέμεινεν· ἡ δὲ ἔκλειψις ἐν μιᾷ γίνεται καιροῦ ῥοπῇ· καὶ ἴσασιν οἱ ταύτην τεθεαμένοι· καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γενεᾶς τῆς ἡμετέρας συνέβη. Καὶ πῶς οὐκ ἐθαύμασαν, φησὶν, ἅπαντες, οὐδὲ ἐνόμισαν εἶναι Θεόν; Ὅτι τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένος τότε ἐν πολλῇ ῥᾳθυμίᾳ καὶ κακίᾳ κατείχετο. Καὶ τὸ θαῦμα τοῦτο ἓν ἦν, καὶ γενόμενον εὐθέως παρῆλθε· καὶ οὐδενὶ τὴν αἰτίαν ἐπιζητῆσαι ἐμέλησε καὶ πολλὴ τῆς ἀσεβείας ἡ πρόληψις καὶ ἡ συνήθεια. Καὶ 58.776 οὐδὲ ᾔδεσαν τίς ἡ αἰτία τοῦ γινομένου· καὶ ἐνόμιζον ἴσως κατ' ἔκλειψιν ἢ ἑτέραν τινὰ ἀκολουθίαν φυσικὴν γεγενῆσθαι τοῦτο. Καὶ τί θαυμάζεις περὶ τῶν ἕξω τῶν οὐδὲν εἰδότων, οὐδὲ ἐπιζητησάντων διὰ ῥᾳθυμίαν πολλὴν, ὅπου γε οἱ ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ Ἰουδαία ὄντες, μετὰ τοσαῦτα θαύματα, ἔτι ἐπέμενον ἐνυβρίζοντες, καίτοι σαφῶς αὐτοῖς ἐδείκνυ, ὅτι αὐτὸς τοῦτο εἰργάσατο; ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο φθέγγεται, ἵνα μάθωσιν ὅτι ἔτι ζῇ, καὶ αὐτὸς τοῦτο ἐποίησε, καὶ γένωνται κἀντεῦθεν ἐπιεικέστεροι· καὶ λέγει· Ἠλὶ, Ἠλὶ, λιμὰ σαβαχθανὶ, ἵνα μέχρις ἐσχάτης ἀναπνοῆς ἴδωσιν ὅτι τιμᾷ τὸν Πατέρα, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀντίθεος. ∆ιὸ καὶ προφητικὴν ἀφῆκέ τινα φωνὴν, μέχρις ἐσχάτης ὥρας μαρτυρῶν τῇ Παλαιᾷ· καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς προφητικὴν, ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἑβραϊκὴν φωνὴν, ὥστε αὐτοῖς γενέσθαι γνώριμον καὶ κατάδηλον· καὶ διὰ πάντων δείκνυσιν αὐτοῦ τὴν ὁμόνοιαν τὴν πρὸς τὸν γεγεννηκότα. Ἀλλ' ὅρα καὶ ἐντεῦθεν τὴν ἀσέλγειαν, καὶ τὴν ἀκολασίαν, καὶ τὴν ἄνοιαν. Ἐνόμισαν Ἠλίαν εἶναι, φησὶ, τὸν καλούμενον, καὶ εὐθέως ἐπότισαν αὐτὸν ὄξος. Ἕτερος δὲ προσελθὼν λόγχῃ αὐτοῦ τὴν πλευρὰν ἔνυξε. Τί γένοιτ' ἂν τούτων παρανομώτερον, τί δὲ θηριωδέστερον, οἳ μέχρι τοσούτου τὴν ἑαυτῶν μανίαν ἐξέτειναν, καὶ εἰς νεκρὸν σῶμα λοιπὸν ὑβρίζοντες; Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει πῶς ταῖς παρανομίαις αὐτῶν εἰς ἡμετέραν κέχρηται σωτηρίαν. Μετὰ γὰρ τὴν πληγὴν αἱ πληγαὶ τῆς σωτηρίας ἡμῶν ἐκεῖθεν ἀνέβλυσαν. Ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς, κράξας φωνῇ μεγάλῃ, ἀφῆκε τὸ πνεῦμα. Τοῦτό ἐστιν ὃ ἔλεγεν· Ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι τὴν ψυχήν μου, καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔχω πάλιν λαβεῖν αὐτήν· καὶ, Ἐγὼ τίθημι αὐτὴν ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο γὰρ φωνῇ ἔκραξεν, ἵνα δειχθῇ ὅτι κατ' ἐξουσίαν τὸ πρᾶγμα γίνεται. Ὁ γοῦν Μάρκος φησὶν, ὅτι ἐθαύμασεν ὁ Πιλάτος, εἰ ἤδη ἐτεθνήκει· καὶ ὅτι ὁ κεντυρίων διὰ τοῦτο μάλιστα ἐπίστευσεν, ὅτι μετ' ἐξουσίας ἀπέθανεν. Αὕτη ἡ φωνὴ τὸ καταπέτασμα ἔσχισε, καὶ τὰ μνημεῖα ἀνέῳξε, καὶ τὸν οἶκον ἐποίησεν ἔρημον. Ἐποίησε δὲ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐνυβρίζων εἰς τὸν ναόν· (πῶς γὰρ, ὁ λέγων, Μὴ ποιεῖτε τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Πατρός μου οἶκον ἐμπορίου;) ἀλλ' ἀναξίους αὐτοὺς ἀποφαίνων καὶ τῆς ἐκεῖ διατριβῆς, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ὅτε παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν τοῖς Βαβυλωνίοις. Οὐ διὰ τοῦτο δὲ μόνον ταῦτα ἐγίνετο, ἀλλὰ καὶ προφητεία τῆς μελλούσης ἐρημώσεως ἦν τὸ συμβαῖνον, καὶ τῆς ἐπὶ τὰ μείζω καὶ ὑψηλότερα μεταθέσεως, καὶ τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ. βʹ. Μετὰ δὲ τούτων καὶ ἐκ τῶν μετὰ ταῦτα ἑαυτὸν ἐδείκνυ, ἐκ τῆς τῶν νεκρῶν ἀναστάσεως [ἐκ τῆς τοῦ φωτὸς ἀμαυρώσεως, ἐκ τῆς τῶν στοιχείων ἀλλοιώσεως]. Ἐπὶ μὲν γὰρ Ἑλισσαίου νεκρὸς εἷς ἁψάμενος νεκροῦ ἀνέστη· νυνὶ δὲ φωνὴ αὐτοὺς ἤγειρε, τοῦ σώματος ἄνω κειμένου ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ. Ἄλλως δὲ καὶ ἐκεῖνα τούτου τύπος ἦν. Ἵνα γὰρ τοῦτο πιστευθῇ, διὰ τοῦτο κἀκεῖνο γίνεται. Καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἐγείρονται, ἀλλὰ καὶ πέτραι ῥήγνυνται, καὶ ἡ γῆ σείεται, ἵνα μάθωσιν ὅτι καὶ αὐτοὺς ἠδύνατο καὶ πηρῶσαι καὶ ῥῆξαι. Ὁ γὰρ πέτρας διατεμὼν, καὶ τὴν οἰκουμένην σκοτίσας. πολλῷ μᾶλλον εἰς ἐκείνους ταῦτα ἐποίησεν ἂν, εἴγε 58.777 ἐβούλετο. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἠθέλησεν, ἀλλ' εἰς τὰ στοιχεῖα τὴν ὀργὴν ἀφεὶς, ἐκείνους ἐξ ἐπιεικείας σῶσαι ἐβούλετο. Ἀλλ' οὐ καθυφῆκαν τῆς μανίας. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ ὁ φθόνος, τοιοῦτον ἡ βασκανία· οὐχ ἵσταται ῥᾳδίως. Τότε μὲν οὖν καὶ πρὸς αὐτὰ τὰ φαινόμενα ἠναισχύντουν· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ὅτε σφραγῖδος ἐπικειμένης καὶ στρατιωτῶν τηρούντων ἀνέστη, καὶ παρ' αὐτῶν ταῦτα ἤκουσαν τῶν φυλάκων, καὶ ἀργύριον ἔδοσαν, ὥστε καὶ ἑτέρους διαφθεῖραι, καὶ κλέψαι τῆς ἀναστάσεως τὸν λόγον. Μὴ τοίνυν θαύμαζε, εἰ καὶ τότε ἠγνωμόνουν, οὕτω καθάπαξ παρεσκευασμένοι πρὸς