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they were not strong enough to watch with him. And being reproached for this by him, how would they have dared this? And why did they not steal him before this, but when you came? For if they had wanted to do this, they would have done it on the first night, when the tomb was not yet guarded, when it was both without danger and secure. For on the Sabbath they went and asked for the guard from Pilate, and they kept watch; but on the first night none of these were present at the tomb. 2. And what of the linen cloths stuck fast with the myrrh? For Peter saw these lying there. For if they had wanted to steal, they would not have stolen the body naked; not only because of the dishonor, but so as not to be about to strip it and be delayed, and give opportunity to those who wanted to rise up and seize them. Especially when there was myrrh, a substance so sticky to the body, and stuck to the cloths; from which it was not easy to tear away 58.789 the cloths from the body, but those doing this would have needed much time; so that from this also the theft is improbable. For did they not know the Jewish temper, and that they would direct their wrath against them? And what profit was there in it for them at all, if he did not rise? Knowing indeed all these things that they fabricated, they gave money, and say, "You say these things, and we will persuade the governor." For they wished the report to be published, fighting in vain against the truth, and by the very means through which they attempted to obscure it, through these they unwillingly caused it to shine forth. For this too confirms the resurrection, that they said these things, that the disciples stole him. For this is the confession of men who agree that the body was not there. When therefore they themselves confess that the body is not there, and their watch, and the seals, and the disciples' cowardice show the theft to be false and improbable; from this the proof of the resurrection appears indisputable. But nevertheless the shameless and all-daring men, with so many things to silence them, "Say," he says, "and we will persuade him, and we will make you free from anxiety." Do you see all corrupted? Pilate? For he was persuaded; the soldiers? The Jewish people? But do not be surprised if money overcame soldiers. For if it showed so much strength with the disciple, much more with these men. And this saying, it says, was spread abroad until this present day. Do you see again the disciples' love of truth? how they are not even ashamed to say this, that such a report prevailed against them? But the eleven disciples went away into Galilee; and some worshipped, but others, seeing him, doubted. This seems to me to be the last appearance in Galilee, when he sent them out to baptize. And if some doubted, from this too again marvel at their truth, how not even their faults up to the last day are hidden. But nevertheless even these were confirmed by the sight. What then does he say, seeing them? "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me." Again he speaks to them in a more human manner; for they had not yet received the Spirit that was able to make them lofty. "Go, make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you;" commanding the one concerning doctrines, the other concerning commandments. And he makes no mention of the Jews, nor does he bring up what had happened, nor does he reproach Peter for his denial, nor any of the others for their flight; but he commands them to be poured out over the whole inhabited world, having entrusted to them a concise teaching, that through baptism. Then, since he commanded great things of them, raising their spirits, he says, "Behold, I am with you all the days, until the consummation of the age." Do you see authority again? Do you see how those other things were said for the sake of condescension? But he did not say he would be with them alone, but also with all those who believe after them. For the apostles were certainly not going to remain until the consummation of the age; but he speaks to the faithful as to one body. "For do not tell me," he says, "of the difficulty of the tasks; for I am

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γρηγορῆσαι οὐκ ἴσχυσαν μετ' αὐτοῦ. καὶ ταῦτα ὀνειδιζόμενοι παρ' αὐτοῦ, πῶς ἂν τοῦτο ἐτόλμησαν; ∆ιατί δὲ μὴ πρὸ τούτου ἔκλεψαν, ἀλλ' ὅτε ὑμεῖς ἤλθετε; Εἰ γὰρ ἐβούλοντο τοῦτο ποιῆσαι, μηδέπω φυλαττομένης τῆς θήκης ἐποίησαν ἂν ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ νυκτὶ, ὅτε καὶ ἀκίνδυνον καὶ ἀσφαλές. Τῷ γὰρ σαββάτῳ προσελθόντες ᾐτήσαντο παρὰ τοῦ Πιλάτου τὴν κουστωδίαν, καὶ ἐφύλαττον· τὴν δὲ πρώτην νύκτα οὐδεὶς τούτων τῷ τάφῳ παρῆν. βʹ. Τί δὲ βούλεται καὶ τὰ σουδάρια τὰ τῇ σμύρνῃ προσπεπηγότα; ταῦτα γὰρ εἶδεν ὁ Πέτρος κείμενα. Εἰ γὰρ ἐβούλοντο κλέψαι, οὐκ ἂν γυμνὸν ἔκλεψαν τὸ σῶμα· οὐ διὰ τὸ ὑβρίσαι μόνον, ἀλλ' ὥστε μὴ ἐν τῷ ἀποδύειν μέλλειν καὶ βραδύνειν, καὶ παρέχειν τοῖς βουλομένοις διαναστῆναι καὶ κατασχεῖν. Μάλιστα ὅτε σμύρνα ἦν, φάρμακον οὕτω κολλῶδες τῷ σώματι, καὶ τοῖς ἱματίοις προσπεπηγός· ὅθεν οὐκ εὔκολον ἦν ἀποσπάσαι 58.789 τὰ ἱμάτια τοῦ σώματος, ἀλλὰ πολλοῦ χρόνου οἱ τοῦτο ποιοῦντες ἐδέοντο· ὥστε κἀντεῦθεν ἀπίθανον τὸ τῆς κλοπῆς. Μὴ γὰρ οὐκ ᾔδεσαν τὸν θυμὸν τὸν Ἰουδαϊκὸν, καὶ ὅτι εἰς αὐτοὺς τὴν ὀργὴν ἀφήσουσι; Τί δὲ ὅλως καὶ τὸ κέρδος ἦν αὐτοῖς, εἰ μὴ ἀνέστη; Ταῦτα δὴ πάντα καὶ οὗτοι συνειδότες ὅτι ἔπλασαν, ἔδωκαν ἀργύριον, καί φασιν Εἴπατε ταῦτα ὑμεῖς, καὶ ἡμεῖς πείσομεν τὸν ἡγεμόνα. ∆ημοσιευθῆναι γὰρ ἐβούλοντο τὴν φωνὴν, εἰκῆ πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν πυκτεύοντες, καὶ δι' ὧν αὐτὴν συσκιάζειν ἐπεχείρουν, διὰ τούτων καὶ ἄκοντες παρεσκεύαζον ἐκλάμπειν αὐτήν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο τὴν ἀνάστασιν κυροῖ, τὸ αὐτοὺς ταῦτα εἰπεῖν, ὅτι οἱ μαθηταὶ ἔκλεψαν. Τοῦτο γὰρ ὁμολογούντων ἐστὶν, ὅτι οὐκ ἦν ἐκεῖ τὸ σῶμα. Ὅταν οὖν αὐτοὶ μὲν ὁμολογῶσι μὴ εἶναι τὸ σῶμα ἐκεῖ, τὴν δὲ κλοπὴν δεικνύῃ ψευδῆ καὶ ἀπίθανον ἡ προσεδρεία αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰ σήμαντρα, καὶ ἡ τῶν μαθητῶν δειλία· ἀναμφισβήτητος κἀντεῦθεν ἡ τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἀπόδειξις φαίνεται. Ἀλλ' ὅμως οἱ ἀναίσχυντοι καὶ πάντα τολμῶντες, τοσούτων τῶν ἐπιστομιζόντων αὐτοὺς, Εἴπατε. φησὶ, καὶ ἡμεῖς πείσομεν, καὶ ὑμᾶς ἀμερίμνους ποιήσομεν. Ὁρᾷς πάντας διεφθαρμένους; τὸν Πιλάτον; αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐπείσθη· τοὺς στρατιώτας; τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἰουδαϊκόν; Ἀλλὰ μὴ θαυμάσῃς εἰ χρήματα στρατιωτῶν περιεγένετο. Εἰ γὰρ παρὰ τῷ μαθητῇ τοσαύτην ἐπεδείξατο τὴν ἰσχὺν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον παρὰ τούτοις. Καὶ διεφημίσθη ὁ λόγος οὗτος, φησὶν, ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας. Εἶδες πάλιν τῶν μαθητῶν τὸ φιλάληθες; πῶς οὐδὲ τοῦτο αἰσχύνονται λέγοντες, ὅτι τοιοῦτος ἐκράτησε λόγος κατ' αὐτῶν; Οἱ δὲ ἕνδεκα μαθηταὶ ἀπῆλθον εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν· καὶ οἱ μὲν προσεκύνησαν, οἱ δὲ ἰδόντες αὐτὸν ἐδίστασαν. Αὕτη μοι δοκεῖ ἐσχάτη ὄψις εἶναι ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ, ὅτε αὐτοὺς ἐξέπεμπε βαπτίσοντας. Εἰ δὲ ἐδίστασάν τινες, κἀντεῦθεν πάλιν θαύμασον αὐτῶν τὴν ἀλήθειαν, πῶς οὐδὲ τὰ μέχρις ἐσχάτης ἡμέρας ἐλαττώματα αὐτῶν ἀποκρύπτονται. Ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ οὗτοι διὰ τῆς ὄψεως ἐβεβαιώθησαν. Τί οὖν φησιν ἰδὼν αὐτούς; Ἐδόθη μοι πᾶσα ἐξουσία ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς. Πάλιν ἀνθρωπινώτερον αὐτοῖς διαλέγεται· οὐδέπω γὰρ ἦσαν τὸ Πνεῦμα εἰληφότες τὸ δυνάμενον ὑψηλοὺς αὐτοὺς ποιῆσαι. Πορευθέντες μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς, καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος, διδάσκοντες αὐτοὺς τηρεῖν πάντα ὅσα ἐνετειλάμην ὑμῖν· τὸ μὲν περὶ δογμάτων, τὸ δὲ περὶ ἐντολῶν παραγγέλλων. Καὶ Ἰουδαίων μὲν οὐδὲν μέμνηται, οὐδὲ εἰς μέσον φέρει τὰ γεγενημένα, οὐδὲ ὀνειδίζει Πέτρῳ τὴν ἄρνησιν, οὐδὲ τῶν ἄλλων οὐδενὶ τὴν φυγήν· κελεύει δὲ εἰς τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐκχυθῆναι πᾶσαν, σύντομον διδασκαλίαν ἐγχειρίσας, τὴν διὰ τοῦ βαπτίσματος. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ μεγάλα αὐτοῖς ἐπέταξεν, ἐπαίρων αὐτῶν τὰ φρονήματα, φησίν· Ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος. Εἶδες αὐθεντίαν πάλιν; εἶδες πῶς καὶ ἐκεῖνα συγκαταβάσεως ἕνεκεν εἴρηται; Οὐ μετ' ἐκείνων δὲ μόνον εἶπεν ἔσεσθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετὰ πάντων τῶν μετ' ἐκείνους πιστευόντων. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος οἱ ἀπόστολοι μένειν ἔμελλον· ἀλλ' ὡς ἑνὶ σώματι διαλέγεται τοῖς πιστοῖς. Μὴ γάρ μοι τὴν δυσκολίαν, φησὶν, εἴπητε τῶν πραγμάτων· ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι