Vicariate Apostolic of Bagamoyo
Mother Frances Mary Teresa Ball
Provincial Councils of Baltimore
Louis-Mathias, Count de Barral
Antoine-Lefebvre, Sieur de la Barre
Francesco della Rossa Bartholi
Prefecture Apostolic of Basutoland
Vicariate Apostolic of Batavia
Beatification and Canonization
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard
Jean-Baptiste-Charles-Marie de Beauvais
Georg Philipp Ludolf von Beckedorff
Francesco Antonio Begnudelli-Basso
Ven. Robert Francis Romulus Bellarmine
Henri François Xavier de Belsunce de Castelmoron
Prefecture Apostolic of Benadir
Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament
St. Benedict of San Philadelphio
Benedictus (Canticle of Zachary)
Archdiocese of Benevento (Beneventana)
Antoine Henri de Bérault-Bercastel
José Mariano Beristain y Martin de Souza
François-Joachim-Pierre de Bernis
Archdiocese of Besançon (Vesontio)
Bethlehem (as used in architecture)
Prefecture Apostolic of Bettiah
Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville
Bigamy (in Civil Jurisprudence)
Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament
Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius
Archdiocese of Santa Fé de Bogotá
Bohemians of the United States
Jean de Dieu-Raymond de Cucé de Boisgelin
Cornelius Richard Anton van Bommel
Louis-Gabriel-Ambroise, Vicomte de Bonald
Louis-Jacques-Maurice de Bonald
Charles-Lucien-Jules-Laurent Bonaparte
Henri-Marie-Gaston Boisnormand de Bonnechose
Institute of Bon Secours (de Paris)
Archdiocese of Bordeaux (Burdigala)
Pierre-Rose-Ursule-Dumoulin Borie
Prefectures Apostolic of Borneo
Society of St. Charles Borromeo
Emmanuel Théodore de la Tour d'Auvergne, Cardinal de Bouillon
Henri, Count of Boulainvilliers
Archdiocese of Bourges (Bituricæ)
Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria
Pierre de Bourdeille, Seigneur de Brantôme
Charles Etienne, Abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg
The Bridge-Building Brotherhood
Auguste-Théodore-Paul de Broglie
Jacques-Victor-Albert, Duc de Broglie
Brothers Hospitallers of St. John of God
Vicariate Apostolic of Brownsville
St. Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne
Simon William Gabriel Bruté de Rémur
(Duchesne).
A French Jesuit and educator, born 12 October, 1731, at Tourteron in the department of Ardennes; died 15 June, 1797. In 1746 he entered the Society of Jesus, and later was professor at Metz, Verdun, and Pont-à-Mousson. At the time of the suppression of the Society he changed his name of Duchesne to that of Abbe' Blanchard, under which his works were published. He left the order, however, in 1762, before it was suppressed, retired to Belgium, and for seven years remained near Namur, occupied with pedagogical questions. He wrote "Le temple des Muses fabulistes" (Liège, 1776, 2 vols.) and "L'Ecole des moers" (Namur and Paris, 1775, 2 vols.). The latter work was first published without the author's name under the title, "Les poète des moeurs, ou les maximes de la sagesse..." (1771), and later was reprinted several times with the title "Maximes des l'honnête homme, ou les poète des moeurs." Blanchard's main work was published after his death by Bruyset, "Préceptes pour l'éducation des deux sexes à l'usage des families chrétiennes" (Lyon, 1803, 2 vols.); a new edition in 1807 was entitled "Education chrétienne à l'usage de l'un et de l'autre sexe." Blanchard adopts to Christian education the principle found in Rousseau's "Emile." In the work there is little originality; yet, besides judiciously chosen questions, we find very useful suggestions and good criticisms of Rousseau's views. It is divided into three parts: physical education, moral education, and education of girls. Great importance is attached to physical culture, health, hygiene of the whole organism, and of the special sense-organs. Useful rules are given for the formation of intellect, feelings, and will. Good pronunciation and reading are insisted on. Blanchard rightly rejects the principal of negative education advocated by Rousseau. It would be very harmful to wait until reason develops to make the child exercise it; on the contrary, it must be developed by proper exercise and under proper guidance. To start for a long journey, he says, the traveler does not wait until the sun is high in the sky, but rather profits by the first rays of light; so it must be with the child. As to the education of women, Blanchard's views seem rather narrow today. Woman is made for dependence. Her instruction must be limited to a few elementary notions; Fénelon's principals and the "Avis d'une màre à sa fille" of Madame de Lambert, which Blanchard reproduces, must form the basis of her moral education.
Bouillot, Biographie ardennaise; Compayre in La grande encyclopedie, VI, 1011, and in Dictionnaire de pedagogie (Paris, 1887), I, 262; Sommervogel, Bibliotheque de la c. de J. (2d ed., Brussels and Paris, 1890), I, 1538; Dictionnaire des ouvrages anonymes et pseudonymes (Paris, 1884), 729.
C.A. DUBRAY