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to those things in the divine scriptures written as though of little account, behold, becoming fully aware, we give thanks to God who secured beforehand through the seemingly brief sayings in the divine scripture to present the truth of all scripture. For always hearing about James that he was called the brother of the Lord, we would say in wonder, what is the need? But now we have come to know for what reason the divine scripture spoke thus beforehand; but entirely so that when we hear, “Behold, your mother and your brothers are standing outside seeking you,” we might learn that it speaks of James and of the other sons of Joseph and not of sons of Mary who did not exist. For it was clear that James was older in age at the time of the 3.460 incarnate coming of the Lord; but scripture, refuting, calls them brothers and names them specifically: James and Joses and Simeon and Judas and Salome and Mary, so that they might learn then whose son James happens to be and from what mother, and might understand by age who is older. For Jesus is crucified in the thirty-third year of his incarnate coming, and it was at that time the twentieth year of Herod, the son of Archelaus. 10. For in the thirty-third year of the first Herod, son of Antipater, the savior is born in Bethlehem of Judea, which was the forty-second year of the emperor Augustus. And after two years he is taken by Joseph into Egypt, because of the things spoken to Herod by the magi, as Herod was seeking to destroy the child. And he goes down to Egypt and remains there for another two years. And Herod the king dies in his thirty-seventh year. And Archelaus his son succeeds him for nine years. And thus the affair is completed, and he is delivered to the cross in the eighteenth year of Tiberius Caesar, and it was the twentieth year of Agrippa, called the great, and of the younger Herod, son of Archelaus. But nowhere have we heard that Joseph had begotten sons. But neither after coming from Egypt did he himself live for many years; for it was the fourth year for the savior, and for Joseph over the eighty-fourth year, when he arrived from the land of Egypt. And Joseph remained alive for another eight years; and in the twelfth year as they were going up to Jerusalem he was sought, when he was not found on the journey as the gospel according to Luke has it. And in the midst of these 3.461 years Joseph dies, and he was brought up no longer by Joseph, but in the house of Joseph. Whence the gospel no longer says that his father and his mother and his brothers came, but “Behold, your mother and your brothers are standing outside.” But not even when they said to him in Galilee, “No one doing these things wishes to be in secret; if you do these things, show yourself,” did it say that his father and his brothers said it to him, but his brothers, as Joseph was no longer alive in the body. Then at the very consummation, when the savior was standing on the cross, as the gospel according to John has it, turning, he says, he “saw the disciple whom the Lord loved, and said to him concerning Mary, ‘Behold, your mother,’” and to her he says, “Behold, your son.” But if Mary had children and if she had a husband, for what reason would he entrust Mary to John and John to Mary? For what reason does he not rather entrust her to Peter? And for what reason to Andrew, and Matthew, and Bartholomew? But it is clear that it was to John on account of his virginity. “Behold,” it says, “your mother,” although she was not the mother of John according to the flesh, but in order to show her as a mother, as the leader of virginity, since life was from her. And to John, although he was a stranger according to the flesh, he said this, in order to teach him to honor his own mother, because in truth the Lord himself was born from her according to the flesh, so that no one might think the affair was a phantom and not a reality. For if she were not truly his mother, having conceived him according to the flesh, not

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τοῖς ἐν ταῖς θείαις γραφαῖς ὡς εὐτελῶς γεγραμμένοις, ἰδοὺ κατὰ πᾶν ἐν αἰσθήσει γινόμενοι εὐχαριστοῦμεν θεῷ τῷ προασφαλισαμένῳ διὰ τῶν δοκούντων βραχέων ῥημάτων ἐν τῇ θείᾳ γραφῇ παριστᾶν πάσης γραφῆς τὴν ἀλήθειαν. ἀεὶ γὰρ ἀκούοντες περὶ Ἰακώβου ὅτι οὗτος ἀδελφὸς ἐκαλεῖτο τοῦ κυρίου θαυμάζοντες ἐλέγομεν, τίς ἡ χρεία; νῦν δὲ ἔγνωμεν δι' ἣν αἰτίαν οὕτως προεῖπεν ἡ θεία γραφή· ἀλλὰ πάντως ἵνα ὅταν ἀκούωμεν ὅτι «ἰδού, ἡ μήτηρ σου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί σου ἔξω ἑστήκασι ζητοῦντές σε», μάθωμεν ὅτι περὶ Ἰακώβου λέγει καὶ τῶν ἄλλων υἱῶν Ἰωσὴφ καὶ οὐ περὶ υἱῶν Μαρίας τῶν μὴ γινομένων. δῆλον γὰρ ἦν ὅτι μείζων ἦν ὁ Ἰάκωβος τῇ ἡλικίᾳ κατὰ τὴν 3.460 ἔνσαρκον τοῦ κυρίου παρουσίαν· ἀδελφοὺς δὲ αὐτοὺς λέγει διελέγχουσα ἡ γραφὴ καὶ ὀνομαστὶ καλοῦσα Ἰάκωβον καὶ Ἰωσῆ καὶ Συμεῶνα καὶ Ἰούδαν καὶ Σαλώμην καὶ Μαρίαν, ἵνα μάθωσι τοίνυν τίνος υἱὸς τυγχάνει καὶ ἐκ ποίας μητρὸς ὁ Ἰάκωβος, νοήσωσι δὲ κατὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν τίς ἐστι μείζων. Ὁ γὰρ Ἰησοῦς σταυροῦται ἐν ἔτει τριακοστῷ τρίτῳ τῆς αὐτοῦ ἐνσάρκου παρουσίας, τοῦ δὲ Ἡρῴδου ἦν κατ' ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ, υἱοῦ δὲ Ἀρχελάου, ἔτος εἰκοστόν. 10. Ἐν γὰρ τῷ τριακοστῷ τρίτῳ ἔτει τοῦ πρώτου Ἡρῴδου, υἱοῦ Ἀντιπάτρου, γεννᾶται ὁ σωτὴρ ἐν Βηθλεὲμ τῆς Ἰουδαίας, ὅπερ ἦν τεσσαρακοστὸν δεύτερον Αὐγούστου βασιλέως. καὶ ποιήσας ἔτη δύο λαμβάνεται ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ εἰς Αἴγυπτον, διὰ τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν μάγων τῷ Ἡρῴδῃ εἰρημένα, τοῦ Ἡρῴδου ζητοῦντος τὸν παῖδα ἀπολέσαι. κάτεισι δὲ εἰς Αἴγυπτον καὶ διατελεῖ ἐκεῖσε ἄλλα δύο ἔτη. καὶ τελευτᾷ Ἡρῴδης ὁ βασιλεὺς ἔτει τριακοστῷ ἑβδόμῳ. διαδέχεται δὲ τοῦτον Ἀρχέλαος ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ ἔτεσιν ἐννέα. καὶ οὕτως ἡ πραγματεία τελειοῦται, καὶ παραδίδοται σταυρῷ ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῳ μὲν ἔτει Τιβερίου Καίσαρος, τοῦ δὲ Ἀγρίππα ἐπικληθέντος μεγάλου, Ἡρῴδου δὲ νεωτέρου, υἱοῦ δὲ Ἀρχελάου, ἔτος ἦν εἰκοστόν. οὐδαμοῦ δὲ ἠκούσαμεν τὸν Ἰωσὴφ υἱοὺς πεποιηκότα. ἀλλ' οὔτε μετὰ τὸ ἐλθεῖν ἀπὸ τῆς Αἰγύπτου ὁ αὐτὸς ἐβίωσεν ἐπὶ πολλοῖς ἔτεσι· τέταρτον γὰρ ἦν ἔτος τῷ σωτῆρι, τῷ δὲ Ἰωσὴφ ὑπὲρ ἔτος ὀγδοηκοστὸν τέταρτον, ὅτε ἐκ τῆς Αἰγύπτου χώρας παρεγένετο. καὶ διέμεινεν ἄλλα ἔτη ὀκτὼ ὁ Ἰωσὴφ περιών· καὶ ἐν τῷ δωδεκάτῳ ἔτει ἀνιόντων ἐπὶ Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐζητήθη, ὅτε οὐχ εὑρίσκετο ἐν τῇ ὁδοιπορίᾳ ὡς ἔχει τὸ κατὰ Λουκᾶν εὐαγγέλιον. μέσον δὲ τούτων 3.461 τῶν ἐτῶν τελευτᾷ Ἰωσὴφ καὶ ἀνετράφη οὐκέτι ὑπὸ τὸν Ἰωσήφ, ἀλλ' εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Ἰωσήφ. ὅθεν οὐκέτι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον φάσκει λέγον ὅτι ἦλθεν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί, ἀλλ' «ἰδού, ἡ μήτηρ σου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί σου ἔξω ἑστήκασιν». ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὅτε ἔλεγον αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ, «οὐδεὶς ταῦτα ποιῶν θέλει ἐν κρυπτῷ εἶναι· εἰ ταῦτα ποιεῖς, φανέρωσον σεαυτόν», οὐκ εἶπεν ὅτι εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ, ἀλλ' οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ, ὡς τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ μηκέτι ὑπάρχοντος κατὰ τὸ σῶμα. εἶτα δὲ ἐπ' αὐτῇ τῇ τελειώσει, ὅτε ὁ σωτὴρ ἐν τῷ σταυρῷ ἕστηκεν, ὡς ἔχει τὸ κατὰ Ἰωάννην εὐαγγέλιον, στραφείς, φησίν «εἶδε τὸν μαθητὴν ὃν ἠγάπα ὁ κύριος, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ περὶ Μαρίας· ἰδού, ἡ μήτηρ σου» καὶ τῇ αὐτῇ λέγει «ἰδού, ὁ υἱός σου». εἰ ἦσαν δὲ τέκνα τῇ Μαρίᾳ καὶ εἰ ὑπῆρχεν αὐτῇ ἀνήρ, τίνι τῷ λόγῳ παρεδίδου τὴν Μαρίαν τῷ Ἰωάννῃ καὶ τὸν Ἰωάννην τῇ Μαρίᾳ; τίνι δὲ τῷ λόγῳ Πέτρῳ μᾶλλον οὐ παραδίδωσι; τίνι δὲ τῷ λόγῳ Ἀνδρέᾳ, Ματθαίῳ τε καὶ Βαρθολομαίῳ; ἀλλὰ δῆλον ὅτι Ἰωάννῃ διὰ τὴν παρθενίαν. «ἰδού, γάρ φησιν, ἡ μήτηρ σου», καίτοι γε οὐκ ἦν μήτηρ αὐτοῦ τοῦ Ἰωάννου κατὰ σάρκα, ἀλλ' ἵνα δείξῃ αὐτὴν μητέρα ὡς ἀρχηγὸν τῆς παρθενίας, ἐπειδὴ ἐξ αὐτῆς ἡ ζωὴ ἦν. καὶ τῷ Ἰωάννῃ, καίτοι γε ὄντι κατὰ σάρκα ἀλλοτρίῳ, ἔλεγεν, ἵνα διδάξῃ τιμᾶν τὴν ἰδίαν αὐτοῦ μητέρα, ὅτι τῷ μὲν ὄντι κατὰ σάρκα ἐξ αὐτῆς αὐτὸς ὁ κύριος γεγέννηται, ἵνα μή τις νομίσῃ δόκησιν εἶναι τὴν πραγματείαν καὶ οὐκ ἀλήθειαν. εἰ μὴ γὰρ ἦν αὐτοῦ ἀληθῶς μήτηρ, κατὰ σάρκα κυήσασα αὐτόν, οὐκ