587

“having honored wisdom, she was exalted,” so also the servants of God, who are truly founded upon the solid rock of truth and securely build their house, with their own hands perform their fine works, each according to his craft, and with their mouth they recite almost all of the divine scripture, and tirelessly and unwearyingly they hold frequent vigils, now in prayers, now in psalm-singing, and continuously the assemblies lawfully appointed by custom, and they spend their days always, at the unceasing intervals of the hours, sending up prayers to God blamelessly with great humility and painful lamentation, and working with their own hands, as I said, along with the spiritual work, so that they may not become needy and fall into human hypocrisies, and no longer being able to speak the truth to the impious one nor to be free from the defilement of rich and covetous men who act from injustice, oppressing the poor nor to be without such foods, not being able to have their daily food from just labors, 3.490 but being compelled, through the want caused by idleness, to partake of the table of the rich. 5. Therefore the divine word commands, saying, “Do not desire the foods of the rich; for these are connected with a false life.” And again in another place, that “you should prepare such things, but if you are more insatiable, do not desire his foods”; for in these things the children in Babylon were glorified, having refused the king's table and choosing to be content with vegetables rather than the table and foods, having renounced money and glory, as Moses “chose rather to suffer affliction with the people of God than to enjoy” the treasures in Egypt, and working with his own hands he obtained prophecy. For this noble man and son of a king's daughter became a shepherd of sheep, so that he might not eat the bread of idleness, as our father Jacob also teaches, saying to Laban, “Give me work, that I may work and enjoy my own bread.” And he again is commanded by his own father-in-law to be a shepherd, so that the righteous may not eat the bread of idleness. But it was said to the apostles to be content with preaching the word, so that they might not be occupied while making their journey for the preaching from city to city and from place to place. “For the laborer is worthy of his wages” and “The food is sufficient for the one who works.” And to the shepherds likewise, because of the frequent occupation with the people and the ecclesiastical administration and continuous ministry, the divine word says, “Who tends a flock and does not eat of its milk? Or who plants a vineyard, and does not partake of its fruit?” And it says, “The hardworking farmer must be the first to receive a share of the crops,” so that it might establish that the presbyter or the bishop is not lacking daily food, exhorting the peoples to provide food for the priests from their just labors through first-fruits and offerings and other things; and though having authority over these things, those commanded by God to lead the people do not use them to excess, those who profess to be completely pleasing to God. 6. For even some of the priests of God themselves, along with the preaching of the word, imitating their holy father after God 3.491 in Christ, I mean Paul the holy apostle, they themselves also, as far as possible, if not all, at least the majority, working with their own hands, practice whatever craft they might find that is appropriately fitting for their dignity and for the continuity of ecclesiastical care, so that with the word and the preaching the conscience may rejoice, and bearing fruit through its own hands and being sufficient for itself and for the brothers and those in need the stewardship at hand, I mean that from first-fruits and offerings and from the very things worked by their hands, out of an excess of disposition towards God and their neighbors willingly sharing; although they are not compelled, nor

587

«τὴν σοφίαν τιμήσασα προήχθη», οὕτω καὶ οἱ τοῦ θεοῦ δοῦλοι οἱ ἀληθῶς ἐπὶ τῆς στερεᾶς πέτρας τῆς ἀληθείας τεθεμελιωμένοι καὶ τὸν οἶκον αὐτῶν ἀσφαλῶς οἰκοδομοῦντες ἰδίαις χερσὶ τὰς λεπτὰς αὐτῶν ἐργασίας ἐργάζονται κατὰ τὴν ἑκάστου τέχνην, ἐν στόματι δὲ σχεδὸν πᾶσαν θείαν γραφὴν ἀπαγγέλλουσιν, ἀκμητί τε καὶ ἀόκνως συχνὰς ποιοῦνται τὰς ἀγρυπνίας, τοῦτο μὲν ἐν εὐχαῖς, τοῦτο δὲ ἐν ψαλμῳδίαις, ἐνδελεχῶς δὲ τὰς συνελεύσεις τὰς ἐξ ἔθους ἐνθέσμως τεταγμένας, διημερεύουσί τε πάντοτε κατὰ τὰς ἀδιαλείπτους κατὰ διάστημα ὥρας τὰς εὐχὰς θεῷ ἀκαταγνώστως μετὰ ταπεινοφροσύνης πολλῆς καὶ οἰμωγῆς ἐπιπόνου ἀναπέμποντες, ταῖς τε ἰδίαις χερσίν, ὡς ἔφην, ἐργαζόμενοι μετὰ καὶ τῆς πνευματικῆς ἐργασίας, ἵνα μὴ ἐπιδεεῖς γένωνται καὶ εἰς ὑποκρίσεις ἀνθρωπίνας ἐμπέσωσι, καὶ οὐκέτι τῷ ἀσεβοῦντι δυνάμενοι τὰ ἀληθῆ λέγειν οὔτε ἐκτὸς ῥύπου εἶναι τῶν ἀπὸ ἀδικίας ἀνθρώπων πλουσίων καὶ πλεονεκτούντων τοὺς πένητας οὔτε ἐκτὸς σιτίων τοιούτων γίνεσθαι, μὴ δυνάμενοι ἐκ δικαίων πόνων 3.490 τὴν ἐφήμερον ἔχειν τροφήν, ἀλλ' ἀναγκαζόμενοι διὰ τὸ ἐνδεὲς τῆς ἀεργίας τραπέζης πλουσίων μετέχειν. 5. ∆ιὸ παραγγέλλει ὁ θεῖος λόγος φάσκων «μὴ ἐπιθύμει βρωμάτων τῶν πλουσίων· ταῦτα γὰρ ἔχεται ζωῆς ψευδοῦς». καὶ πάλιν ἐν ἄλλῳ τόπῳ ὅτι «τοιαῦτά σε δεῖ παρασκευάζειν, εἰ δὲ ἀπληστότερος εἶ, μὴ ἐπιθύμει τῶν αὐτοῦ βρωμάτων»· ἐν τούτοις γὰρ ἐδοξάσθησαν οἱ παῖδες οἱ ἐν τῇ Βαβυλῶνι, ἀρνησάμενοι τράπεζαν βασιλέως καὶ αἱρησάμενοι σπέρμασιν ἀρκεῖσθαι ἢ τραπέζῃ καὶ βρώμασι, χρήμασι καὶ δόξῃ ἀποταξάμενοι, ὡς Μωυσῆς «μᾶλλον εἵλετο συγκακουχεῖσθαι τῷ λαῷ τοῦ θεοῦ ἤπερ ἀπολαύειν» τῶν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ θησαυρῶν, ἐργαζόμενος δὲ ἰδίαις χερσὶν ἔτυχε προφητείας. προβάτων γὰρ οὗτος ποιμὴν κατέστη ὁ εὐγενὴς καὶ υἱὸς θυγατρὸς βασιλέως, ἵνα μὴ ἀργὸν ἐσθίῃ ἄρτον, ὡς καὶ διδάσκει ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν Ἰακώβ, λέγων τῷ Λάβαν «δός μοι ἐργασίαν, ἵνα ἐργάζωμαι καὶ ἀπολαύσω τοῦ ἰδίου ἄρτου». καὶ αὐτὸς πάλιν ποιμαίνειν προστέτακται παρὰ τοῦ ἰδίου πενθεροῦ, ἵνα μὴ ἀργὸν ἄρτον ἐσθίωσιν οἱ δίκαιοι. τοῖς δὲ ἀποστόλοις εἴρηται ἀρκεῖσθαι τῷ λόγον κηρύττειν, ἵνα μὴ ἀσχολῶνται ἀπὸ πόλεως εἰς πόλιν καὶ ἀπὸ τόπου εἰς τόπον ἐπὶ τὸ κήρυγμα τὴν πορείαν ποιούμενοι. «ἄξιος γὰρ ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ» καὶ «ἀρκετὸν τῷ ἐργαζομένῳ ἡ τροφὴ αὐτοῦ». καὶ τοῖς δὲ ποιμέσιν ὡσαύτως διὰ τὴν τῶν λαῶν συχνὴν ἀσχολίαν καὶ τὴν ἐκκλησιαστικὴν διοίκησιν καὶ ἐνδελεχῆ λειτουργίαν φησὶν ὁ θεῖος λόγος «τίς ποιμαίνει ποίμνην καὶ ἐκ τοῦ γάλακτος αὐτῆς οὐκ ἐσθίει; ἢ τίς φυτεύει ἀμπελῶνα, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ καρποῦ αὐτοῦ οὐ μεταλαμβάνει;» καὶ φησί «τὸν κοπιῶντα γεωργὸν δεῖ πρῶτον τῶν καρπῶν μεταλαμβάνειν», ἵνα τὸν πρεσβύτερον ἢ τὸν ἐπίσκοπον μὴ ἐλαττούμενον τῆς ἐφημέρου τροφῆς καταστήσειε, προτρεπόμενος λαοὺς ἐκ δικαίων πόνων νέμειν τὰ πρὸς τροφὴν τοῖς ἱερεῦσι διὰ ἀπαρχῶν τε καὶ προσφορῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων· ὧν ἐξουσίαν ἔχοντες οἱ ἐκ θεοῦ τοὺς λαοὺς ὁδηγεῖν προστεταγμένοι οὐδὲ τούτοις κέχρηνται κατακόρως οἱ θεῷ τελείως εὐαρεστεῖν ἐπαγγελλόμενοι. 6. Καὶ γὰρ ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν τοῦ θεοῦ ἱερέων τινὲς καὶ αὐτοὶ μετὰ τοῦ κηρύγματος τοῦ λόγου μιμούμενοι τὸν ἅγιον αὐτῶν μετὰ τὸν θεὸν 3.491 ἐν Χριστῷ πατέρα, φημὶ δὲ Παῦλον τὸν ἅγιον ἀπόστολον, καὶ αὐτοὶ κατὰ τὸ δυνατόν, εἰ καὶ μὴ πάντες, ἀλλ' οἱ πλείους ταῖς ἰδίαις χερσὶν ἐργαζόμενοι, οἵαν δ' ἂν ἀναλόγως συμπρέπουσαν τῷ ἀξιώματι καὶ τῇ τῆς ἐκκλησιαστικῆς φροντίδος ἐνδελεχείᾳ εὕροιεν ἐργάζονται τέχνην, ὅπως μετὰ τοῦ λόγου καὶ τοῦ κηρύγματος ἡ συνείδησις χαίρῃ, καὶ διὰ χειρῶν ἰδίων καρποφοροῦσα καὶ ἑαυτῇ ἐπαρκουμένη τοῖς τε ἀδελφοῖς καὶ ἐνδεομένοις τὴν μετὰ χεῖρας οἰκονομίαν, τὴν ἐξ ἀπαρχῶν δέ φημι καὶ προσφορῶν καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν διὰ χειρῶν εἰργασμένων, δι' ὑπερβολὴν διαθέσεως πρὸς θεὸν καὶ τοὺς πέλας ἑκουσίως μεταδιδοῦσα· καίτοι γε μὴ ἀναγκαζομένων αὐτῶν μήτε