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De incarnatione verbi

OF SAINT ATHANASIUS, A DISCOURSE ON THE INCARNATION OF THE WORD AND HIS MANIFESTATION TO US THROUGH THE BODY

1.1 Having spoken sufficiently in what has gone before, a few things out of many, concerning the error of the Gentiles about idols and their superstition, how from the beginning their invention came about, that from evil men devised for themselves the worship of idols; but indeed having noted by the grace of God a few things also about the divinity of the Word of the Father and his providence and power over all things; and that the good Father orders all things by him and all things are moved by him and are given life in him; come now, in sequence, O blessed and truly Christ-loving one, with faith in piety, let us also narrate the things concerning the incarnation of the Word, and let us declare the things concerning his divine manifestation to us; which the Jews indeed slander, but the Greeks mock, while we worship; so that even more, from the seeming lowliness of the Word, you may have a greater and fuller reverence for him. 1.2 For by as much as he is mocked by unbelievers, by that much he furnishes a greater testimony of his divinity; in that what men do not comprehend as impossible, these things he shows to be possible; and what men mock as unseemly, these things he by his own goodness makes seemly; and what men in their cleverness laugh at as human, these things he by his own power shows to be divine, destroying the fantasy of idols by his supposed lowliness through the cross, and invisibly persuading the mockers and unbelievers so that they recognize his divinity and power. 1.3 But for the narration of these things, there is need of the remembrance of what has been said before; so that you may be able to know the cause of the manifestation in a body of so great and so mighty a paternal Word, and not think that the Savior has worn a body by a consequence of nature; but that being bodiless by nature, and being the Word, nevertheless according to the love for mankind and goodness of his own Father, for our salvation, he has been manifested to us in a human body. 1.4 But it is fitting for us, when making the narration about this, first to speak about the creation of all things and of God their Creator, so that in this way one might worthily consider that its renewal has come to be by the Word who created it in the beginning; for nothing will appear contradictory, if by him through whom the Father created it, in him he also worked its salvation.

2.1 The creation of the world and the foundation of all things many have understood in different ways, and as each one wished, so he has also defined. For some say that all things have come into being spontaneously, and by chance, such as the Epicureans, who, fabling against themselves that there is no providence over all things, speak directly contrary to what is clear and manifest. 2.2 For if all things came into being spontaneously without providence according to them, all things ought to have come into being simply and to be alike and not different. For as in the case of one body, all things ought to be sun or moon, and in the case of men, the whole ought to be a hand, or an eye, or a foot. But now it is not so; but we see one thing, the sun; another, the moon; another, the earth; and again in the case of human bodies, one thing, a foot; another, a hand; another, a head. And such an arrangement makes known that they did not come into being spontaneously, but shows that a cause preceded them; from which it is possible to perceive the God who ordered and made all things. 2.3 But others, among whom is also the great one among the Greeks, Plato, from

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De incarnatione verbi

ΤΟΥ ΑΓΙΟΥ ΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΟΥ ΛΟΓΟΣ ΠΕΡΙ ΤΗΣ ΕΝΑΝΘΡΩΠΗΣΕΩΣ ΤΟΥ ΛΟΓΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΣ ∆ΙΑ ΣΩΜΑΤΟΣ ΠΡΟΣ ΗΜΑΣ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΕΙΑΣ ΑΥΤΟΥ

1.1 Αὐτάρκως ἐν τοῖς πρὸ τούτων ἐκ πολλῶν ὀλίγα διαλαβόντες, περὶ τῆς τῶν ἐθνῶν περὶ τὰ εἴδωλα πλάνης καὶ τῆς τούτων δεισιδαιμονίας, πῶς ἐξ ἀρχῆς τούτων 1.1 γέγονεν ἡ εὕρεσις, ὅτι ἐκ κακίας οἱ ἄνθρωποι ἑαυτοῖς τὴν πρὸς τὰ εἴδωλα θρησκείαν ἐπενόησαν· ἀλλὰ γὰρ χάριτι Θεοῦ σημάναντες ὀλίγα καὶ περὶ τῆς θειότητος τοῦ Λόγου τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τῆς εἰς πάντα προνοίας καὶ δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ· καὶ ὅτι ὁ ἀγαθὸς Πατὴρ τούτῳ τὰ πάντα διακοσμεῖ καὶ τὰ πάντα ὑπ' αὐτοῦ κινεῖται καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ ζωοποιεῖται· φέρε κατὰ ἀκολουθίαν, μακάριε καὶ ἀληθῶς φιλόχριστε, τῇ περὶ τῆς εὐσεβείας πίστει, καὶ τὰ περὶ τῆς ἐνανθρωπήσεως τοῦ Λόγου διηγησώμεθα, καὶ περὶ τῆς θείας αὐτοῦ πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἐπιφανείας δηλώ σωμεν· ἣν Ἰουδαῖοι μὲν διαβάλλουσιν, Ἕλληνες δὲ χλευάζουσιν, ἡμεῖς δὲ προσκυνοῦμεν· ἵν' ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐκ τῆς δοκούσης εὐτελείας τοῦ Λόγου μείζονα καὶ πλείονα τὴν εἰς αὐτὸν εὐσέβειαν ἔχῃς. 1.2 Ὅσῳ γὰρ παρὰ τοῖς ἀπίστοις χλευάζεται, τοσούτῳ μείζονα τὴν περὶ τῆς θεότητος αὐτοῦ μαρτυρίαν παρέχει· ὅτι τε ἃ μὴ καταλαμβάνουσιν ἄνθρωποι ὡς ἀδύνατα, ταῦτα αὐτὸς ἐπιδείκνυται δυ νατά· καὶ ἃ ὡς ἀπρεπῆ χλευάζουσιν ἄνθρωποι, ταῦτα αὐτὸς τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ἀγαθότητι εὐπρεπῆ κατασκευάζει· καὶ ἃ σοφιζόμενοι οἱ ἄνθρωποι ὡς ἀνθρώπινα γελῶσι, ταῦτα αὐτὸς τῇ ἑαυτοῦ δυνάμει θεῖα ἐπιδείκνυται, τὴν μὲν τῶν εἰδώλων φαντασίαν τῇ νομιζομένῃ ἑαυτοῦ εὐτελείᾳ διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ καταστρέφων, τοὺς δὲ χλευάζοντας καὶ ἀπιστοῦντας μεταπείθων ἀφανῶς ὥστε τὴν θειότητα αὐτοῦ καὶ δύ ναμιν ἐπιγινώσκειν. 1.3 Εἰς δὲ τὴν περὶ τούτων διήγησιν, χρεία τῆς τῶν προειρημένων μνήμης· ἵνα καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς ἐν σώματι φανερώσεως τοῦ τοσούτου καὶ τηλικούτου πατρικοῦ Λόγου γνῶναι δυνηθῇς, καὶ μὴ νομίσῃς ὅτι φύσεως ἀκολουθίᾳ σῶμα πεφόρεκεν ὁ Σωτήρ· ἀλλ' ὅτι ἀσώματος ὢν τῇ φύσει, καὶ Λόγος ὑπάρχων, ὅμως κατὰ φιλανθρωπίαν καὶ ἀγαθότητα τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ Πατρός, διὰ τὴν ἡμῶν σωτηρίαν, ἐν ἀνθρωπίνῳ σώματι ἡμῖν πεφανέρω ται. 1.4 Πρέπει δὲ ποιουμένους ἡμᾶς τὴν περὶ τούτου διήγησιν, πρότερον περὶ τῆς τῶν ὅλων κτίσεως καὶ τοῦ ταύτης ∆ημιουργοῦ Θεοῦ εἰπεῖν, ἵνα οὕτως καὶ τὴν ταύ της ἀνακαίνισιν ὑπὸ τοῦ κατὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν αὐτὴν δημι ουργήσαντος Λόγου γεγενῆσθαι ἀξίως ἄν τις θεωρήσειεν· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἐναντίον φανήσεται, εἰ δι' οὗ ταύτην ἐδημιούρ γησεν ὁ Πατήρ, ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ταύτης σωτηρίαν εἰργάσατο.

2.1 Τὴν δημιουργίαν τοῦ κόσμου καὶ τὴν τῶν πάντων κτίσιν πολλοὶ διαφόρως ἐξειλήφασι, καὶ ὡς ἕκαστος ἠθέλησεν, οὕτως καὶ ὡρίσατο. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ αὐτομάτως, καὶ ὡς ἔτυχε, τὰ πάντα γεγενῆσθαι λέγουσιν, ὡς οἱ Ἐπικούρειοι, οἳ καὶ τὴν τῶν ὅλων πρόνοιαν καθ' ἑαυτῶν οὐκ εἶναι μυθολογοῦντες, ἄντικρυς παρὰ τὰ ἐναργῆ καὶ φαινόμενα λέγοντες. 2.2 Εἰ γὰρ αὐτομάτως τὰ πάντα χωρὶς προνοίας κατ' αὐτοὺς γέγονεν, ἔδει τὰ πάντα ἁπλῶς γεγενῆσθαι καὶ ὅμοια εἶναι καὶ μὴ διάφορα. Ὡς γὰρ ἐπὶ σώματος ἑνὸς ἔδει τὰ πάντα εἶναι ἥλιον ἢ σελήνην, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἔδει τὸ ὅλον εἶναι χεῖρα, ἢ ὀφθαλμόν, ἢ πόδα. Νῦν δὲ οὐκ ἔστι μὲν οὕτως· ὁρῶμεν δὲ τὸ μέν, ἥλιον· τὸ δέ, σελήνην· τὸ δέ, γῆν· καὶ πάλιν ἐπὶ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων σωμάτων, τὸ μέν, πόδα· τὸ δέ, χεῖρα· τὸ δέ, κεφαλήν. Ἡ δὲ τοιαύτη διάταξις οὐκ αὐτομάτως αὐτὰ γεγενῆ σθαι γνωρίζει, ἀλλ' αἰτίαν τούτων προηγεῖσθαι δείκνυσιν· ἀφ' ἧς καὶ τὸν διαταξάμενον καὶ πάντα ποιήσαντα Θεὸν ἔστι νοεῖν. 2.3 Ἄλλοι δέ, ἐν οἷς ἐστι καὶ ὁ μέγας παρ' Ἕλλησι Πλάτων, ἐκ