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Homiliae in hexaemeron

OF OUR FATHER AMONG THE SAINTS BASIL, Archbishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, NINE HOMILIES ON THE HEXAEMERON

HOMILY I

In the beginning God made the heaven and the earth.

1.1 A fitting beginning for one who is about to narrate the constitution of the world is to set forth at the start of his account the beginning of the ordering of visible things. For the creation of heaven and earth is about to be handed down, not having come together automatically, as some have imagined, but having received its cause from God. What hearing is worthy of the greatness of what is said? With what kind of prepared soul ought one to approach the hearing of such great things? One purified from the passions of the flesh, unclouded by the cares of this life, industrious, inquisitive, looking on every side if from any source it might receive a worthy concept of God. But before we examine the precision in the words, and search out how great are the meanings of these small utterances, let us consider who it is that speaks with us. For even if we do not grasp the deep heart of the author because of the weakness of our intellect, yet by attending to the credibility of the speaker, we will automatically be brought to assent to what has been said. It is Moses, then, who lays down this writing; that Moses who was testified to be comely before God, while still at the breast; whom the daughter of Pharaoh adopted, and brought up in a royal manner, having set over him for his education the wise teachers of the Egyptians. Who, hating the pomp of tyranny, and returning to the humble state of his kinsmen, chose to be ill-treated with the people of God, rather than to have the fleeting enjoyment of sin. He who possessed a love for justice from his very nature, seeing that even before the rule of the people was entrusted to him, he is seen, on account of his nature's hatred of evil, defending the wronged even to the point of killing. He who was driven into exile by those he had benefited, and gladly leaving the tumults of Egypt, came to Ethiopia, and there, having all leisure from other things, spent forty whole years devoted to the contemplation of beings. Who, having now reached his eightieth year, saw God as it is possible for a man to see, or rather as it was not granted to any other, according to the very testimony of God, that "If there is a prophet of yours to the Lord, I will make myself known to him in a vision, and I will speak to him in a dream. Not so with my servant Moses; he is faithful in all my house. With him I will speak mouth to mouth, in appearance, and not in riddles." This man, therefore, who was counted worthy of seeing God face to face, on a par with the angels, speaks to us from what he heard from God. Let us listen, then, to words of truth not spoken in the persuasive words of human wisdom, but in what is taught by the Spirit; of which the end is not the praise of the hearers, but the salvation of those who are taught. 1.2 In the beginning God made the heaven and the earth. The wonder of the thought stops my speech. What shall I say first? Where shall I begin the explanation? Shall I refute the vanity of those outside? Or shall I extol our own truth? The wise men of the Greeks have written much about nature, and not a single one of their theories stands firm and unshaken, the later one always overthrowing the one before it; so that for us it is no work to refute them; for they are sufficient for their own overthrow. For those who were ignorant of God, that an intelligent cause presided over the coming into being

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Homiliae in hexaemeron

ΤΟΥ ΕΝ ΑΓΙΟΙΣ ΠΑΤΡΟΣ ΗΜΩΝ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΥ Ἀρχιεπισκόπου Καισαρείας Καππαδοκίας ΟΜΙΛΙΑΙ θʹ ΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ ΕΞΑΗΜΕΡΟΝ

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ αʹ

̓Εν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν.

1.1 Πρέπουσα ἀρχὴ τῷ περὶ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου συστάσεως μέλλοντι διηγεῖσθαι, ἀρχὴν τῆς τῶν ὁρωμένων διακοσμήσεως προθεῖναι τοῦ λόγου. Οὐρανοῦ γὰρ καὶ γῆς ποίησις παραδί δοσθαι μέλλει, οὐκ αὐτομάτως συνενεχθεῖσα, ὥς τινες ἐφαντάσθησαν, παρὰ δὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν αἰτίαν λαβοῦσα. Ποία ἀκοὴ τοῦ μεγέθους τῶν λεγομένων ἀξία; πῶς παρεσ κευασμένην ψυχὴν πρὸς τὴν τῶν τηλικούτων ἀκρόασιν προσῆκεν ἀπαντᾶν; Καθαρεύουσαν τῶν παθῶν τῆς σαρκὸς, ἀνεπισκότητον μερίμναις βιωτικαῖς, φιλόπονον, ἐξεταστικὴν, πάντοθεν περισκοποῦσαν εἴ ποθεν λάβοι ἀξίαν ἔννοιαν τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ἀλλὰ πρὶν ἐξετάσαι τὴν ἐν τοῖς ῥήμασιν ἀκρίβειαν, καὶ διερευνήσασθαι ἡλίκα τῶν μικρῶν φωνῶν τούτων ἐστὶ τὰ σημαινόμενα, ἐνθυμηθῶμεν τίς ὁ διαλεγόμενος ἡμῖν. ∆ιότι κἂν τῆς βαθείας καρδίας τοῦ συγγραφέως μὴ ἐφικώ μεθα διὰ τὸ τῆς διανοίας ἡμῶν ἀσθενὲς, ἀλλὰ τῇ γε ἀξιο πιστίᾳ προσέχοντες τοῦ λέγοντος, αὐτομάτως εἰς συγκατά θεσιν τῶν εἰρημένων ἐναχθησόμεθα Μωϋσῆς τοίνυν ἐστὶν ὁ τὴν συγγραφὴν ταύτην καταβαλλόμενος· Μωϋσῆς ἐκεῖνος ὁ μαρτυρηθεὶς ἀστεῖος εἶναι παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ, ἔτι ὑπομάζιος ὤν· ὃν εἰσεποιήσατο μὲν ἡ θυγάτηρ τοῦ Φαραὼ, ἐξέθρεψε δὲ βασιλικῶς, τοὺς σοφοὺς τῶν Αἰγυπτίων διδασκάλους αὐτῷ τῆς παιδεύσεως ἐπιστήσασα. Ὃς τὸν ὄγκον τῆς τυραννίδος μισήσας, καὶ πρὸς τὸ ταπεινὸν τῶν ὁμοφύλων ἀναδραμὼν, εἵλετο συγκακουχεῖσθαι τῷ λαῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἢ πρόσκαιρον ἔχειν ἁμαρτίας ἀπόλαυσιν. Ὁ τὴν πρὸς τὸ δίκαιον φιλίαν ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς φύσεως κεκτημένος, ὅπου γε καὶ πρὶν ἐπιτραπῆναι αὐτῷ τοῦ λαοῦ τὴν ἀρχὴν, φαίνεται διὰ τὸ τῆς φύσεως μισοπόνηρον μέχρι θανάτου τοὺς κακοὺς ἀμυνόμενος. Ὁ φυγαδευθεὶς παρὰ τῶν εὐεργετηθέντων, καὶ ἀσμένως μὲν τοὺς Αἰγυπτιακοὺς θορύβους ἀπολιπὼν, τὴν δὲ Αἰθιοπίαν καταλαβὼν, κἀκεῖ πᾶσαν σχολὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἄγων, καὶ ἐν τεσσαράκοντα ὅλοις ἔτεσιν τῇ θεωρίᾳ τῶν ὄντων ἀποσχολάσας. Ὃς ὀγδοηκοστὸν ἤδη γεγονὼς ἔτος, εἶδε Θεὸν ὡς ἀνθρώπῳ ἰδεῖν δυνατὸν, μᾶλλον δὲ ὡς οὐδενὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὑπῆρξε κατὰ τὴν μαρτυρίαν αὐτὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅτι Ἐὰν γένηται προφήτης ὑμῶν τῷ Κυρίῳ, ἐν ὁράματι αὐτῷ γνωσθήσομαι, καὶ ἐν ὕπνῳ λαλήσω αὐτῷ. Οὐχ οὕτως ὡς ὁ θεράπων μου Μωϋσῆς, ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ μου πιστός ἐστι· στόμα κατὰ στόμα λαλήσω αὐτῷ, ἐν εἴδει, καὶ οὐ δι' αἰνιγμάτων. Οὗτος τοίνυν ὁ τῆς αὐτοπρο σώπου θέας τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐξίσου τοῖς ἀγγέλοις ἀξιωθεὶς, ἐξ ὧν ἤκουσε παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ διαλέγεται ἡμῖν. Ἀκούσωμεν τοίνυν ἀληθείας ῥημάτων οὐκ ἐν πειθοῖς σοφίας ἀνθρωπίνης, ἀλλ' ἐν διδακτοῖς Πνεύματος λαληθεῖσιν· ὧν τὸ τέλος οὐχ ὁ τῶν ἀκουόντων ἔπαινος, ἀλλ' ἡ σωτηρία τῶν διδασκο μένων. 1.2 Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν. Ἵστησί μου τὸν λόγον τὸ θαῦμα τῆς διανοίας. Τί πρῶτον εἴπω; πόθεν ἄρξομαι τῆς ἐξηγήσεως; Ἐλέγξω τῶν ἔξω τὴν ματαιότητα; ἢ ἀνυμνήσω τὴν ἡμετέραν ἀλήθειαν; Πολλὰ περὶ φύσεως ἐπραγματεύσαντο οἱ τῶν Ἑλλήνων σοφοὶ, καὶ οὐδὲ εἷς παρ' αὐτοῖς λόγος ἕστηκεν ἀκίνητος καὶ ἀσάλευτος, ἀεὶ τοῦ δευτέρου τὸν πρὸ αὐτοῦ καταβάλ λοντος· ὥστε ἡμῖν μηδὲν ἔργον εἶναι τὰ ἐκείνων ἐλέγχειν· ἀρκοῦσι γὰρ ἀλλήλοις πρὸς τὴν οἰκείαν ἀνατροπήν. Οἱ γὰρ Θεὸν ἀγνοήσαντες, αἰτίαν ἔμφρονα προεστάναι τῆς γενέσεως