Commentaries on Matthew
1 Mt 1, 1 The Hebrews used to call salvation Iao, but he said Christ's because the ancient kings and priests were anointed with oil through the horn. But our Jesus Christ was not called Christ because he was anointed with the horn, but because with the divine spirit; for truly and properly he himself had the Holy Spirit. 2 Mt 1, 1 He mentions Abraham, because he was the first type of the two peoples who were to believe in Christ; for both while uncircumcised he believed and after being circumcised he remained faithful again. And he especially mentions David, since he too became a type of Christ; for just as when Saul was cast out as unworthy, David was appointed second as a king pleasing to God, so also when the first man, I mean Adam, was cast out on account of his disobedience and no longer ruled over the rest at all, a second Adam was brought in, Christ the king of all, so that what was lost in Adam might be restored to men through Christ, king not only of earth, but also of heaven; and he is called son of man by nature, as having all that Adam had, being now God. Abraham, being uncircumcised, believed in God; then having received the promises and being circumcised, he kept his faith inviolate. Reasonably, therefore, the saying will be referred to another contemplation concerning the church of Christ, both from the circumcision and from the gentiles; for he was, as is likely, a type of the two peoples who have believed in Christ. But there, uncircumcision came before circumcision; for uncircumcision is the work of nature, but circumcision of commandment and law. For this reason the former preceded the latter, and after this circumcision returns to it, since it is better for nature and law to be together than to be separate from each other. But David also was a type of Christ; for when Saul was cast out, David was brought in instead. So also when Adam was driven from Eden on account of his disobedience, the second Adam was brought in instead, so that he might restore the first Adam to his original state. 3 Mt 1, 2 For this reason he makes the names of the genealogy from men, since "woman is the glory of man," being an accompaniment and not the beginning of the man. 4 Mt 1, 12 Zerubbabel built the temple which had long ago been built by Solomon but was burned by the Babylonians. And the Lord is the true builder of the rational temple that was ruined by transgressions and burned with a foreign fire, which we ourselves kindled, not only by having prepared the intellectual part of the soul to follow the carnal mind slavishly, but also by shamelessly igniting the matter of the passions through action. But Zerubbabel also has a stone in his hand adorned with seven eyes. The Lord also has a stone, which is faith in him; and in his hand, because it is in the practice of the commandments that faith in Christ is made manifest. For the hand is clearly a symbol of action. Therefore, by carrying the stone in his hand, the Lord teaches us to have a faith in him that is active, adorned with the seven energies of the spirit. 5 Mt 1, 16 The fact that he did not say 'through whom he was born,' perhaps, but 'from whom,' refutes the heresy of Apollinarius who said that Christ passed through the virgin as through a channel and took nothing from her. For the evangelist does not say that Jesus was born 'through' her, but 'from' her, that is, from her most pure blood; and such is also the saying of the apostle; for he says, "God sent forth his Son, born of a woman," but not 'through' a woman. 6 Mt 1, 20 The angel called her a wife, so that he might free the virgin from all suspicion regarding another person; for if her as Joseph's wife
Commentarii in Matthaeum
1 Mt 1, 1 Ἰαὼ τὴν σωτηρίαν οἱ Ἑβραῖοι ἔλεγον, Χριστοῦ δὲ εἶπε διὰ τὸ τοὺς παλαιοὺς βασιλεῖς τε καὶ ἱερεῖς τῷ ἐλαίῳ χρίεσθαι διὰ τοῦ κέρατος. ὁ δὲ ἡμέτερος Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς οὐ διὰ τὸ τῷ κέρατι χρισθῆναι προσ ηγορεύθη Χριστός, ἀλλὰ τὸ τῷ θείῳ πνεύματι· ἀληθῶς γὰρ καὶ κυρίως αὐτὸς εἶχε τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον. 2 Mt 1, 1 Μέμνηται τοῦ Ἀβραάμ, ἐπει δὴ ἐκεῖνος πρῶτος ἐγένετο τύπος τῶν δύο λαῶν τῶν μελλόντων πιστεύειν τῷ Χριστῷ· καὶ γὰρ ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ ὢν ἐπίστευσε καὶ μετὰ τὸ περιτμηθῆναι ἔμεινεν πάλιν πιστός. μέμνηται δὲ κατ' ἐξαίρετον καὶ τοῦ ∆αβίδ, ἐπειδὴ καὶ αὐτὸς τύπος γέγονεν τοῦ Χριστοῦ· ὥσπερ γὰρ τοῦ Σαοὺλ ἐκβληθέντος ὡς ἀδοκίμου ∆αβὶδ δεύτερος προ εχειρίσθη βασιλεὺς εὐάρεστος τῷ θεῷ, οὕτως καὶ τοῦ πρώτου ἀν θρώπου, τοῦ Ἀδάμ φημι, ἐκβλη θέντος διὰ τὴν παρακοὴν καὶ μηκέτι βασιλεύσαντος τῶν λοιπῶν ὅλως εἰσηνέχθη δεύτερος Ἀδάμ, ὁ Χρι στὸς βασιλεὺς τῶν πάντων, ἵνα τὸ ἐν Ἀδὰμ ἀπολωλὸς διὰ Χριστοῦ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐπαναληφθῇ, βασι λεὺς οὐ μόνον γῆς, ἀλλὰ καὶ οὐρα νοῦ· υἱὸς δὲ ἀνθρώπου φύσει κα λεῖται ὡς πάντα ἔχων, ὅσα εἶχεν ὁ Ἀδάμ, νυνὶ θεὸς ὤν. Ἀβραὰμ ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ ὢν ἐπίστευσε τῷ θεῷ· εἶτα δεξάμενος τὰς ὑποσχέσεις καὶ περιτμηθεὶς ἀλώβητον τὴν πίστιν διετήρησεν. εἰκότως τοίνυν ἀναχθήσεται τὸ ῥητὸν εἰς ἕτερόν τι θεώρημα περὶ τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐκκλησίας τῆς τε ἐκ περιτομῆς καὶ τῆς ἐξ ἐθνῶν· τύπος γὰρ ἦν, ὡς εἰκός, τῶν δύω λαῶν τῶν εἰς Χριστὸν πεπιστευκό των. ἀλλ' ἐκεῖ μὲν προτέρα ἡ ἀκρο βυστία τῆς περιτομῆς· φύσεως γὰρ ἔργον ἡ ἀκροβυστία, ἐντολῆς δὲ καὶ νόμου ἡ περιτομή. διὰ τοῦτο ἐκείνη ταύτης προηγήσατο καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἰς αὐτὴν ἡ περιτομὴ ἀνακάμπτει, ἐπεὶ καὶ βέλτιόν ἐστι φύσις ἅμα καὶ νόμος ἢ τὸ διεστηκέναι ἀπ' ἀλλήλων χωρίς. ἀλλὰ καὶ ∆αβὶδ τύπος ἦν τοῦ Χριστοῦ· τοῦ γὰρ Σαοὺλ ἐκ βληθέντος ἀντεισήχθη ∆αβίδ. οὕ τως καὶ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ διὰ τὴν παρα κοὴν τῆς Ἐδὲμ διωχθέντος ὁ δεύ τερος ἀντεισήχθη Ἀδὰμ ὡς ἂν πρὸς τὴν ἀρχαίαν τάξιν τὸν Ἀδὰμ τὸν πρῶτον ἀποκαταστήσῃ. 3 Mt 1, 2 ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ἐξ ἀνδρῶν ποιεῖται τῆς γενεαλογίας τὰ ὀνόματα, ἐπειδὴ "ἡ γυνὴ δόξα ἀνδρός ἐστι", παρακολούθημα οὖσα καὶ οὐκ ἀρχὴ τοῦ ἀνδρός. 4 Mt 1, 12 Ὠικοδόμησεν ὁ Ζοροβάβελ τὸν ἀπὸ Σολομῶνος μὲν πάλαι ᾠκοδομηθέντα ναὸν ὑπὸ δὲ Βαβυλωνίων ἐμπρησθέντα. καὶ ὁ κύριος ἀληθινὸς οἰκοδόμος ἐστὶ τοῦ διαρρυέντος τοῖς παραπτώμασι λογικοῦ ναοῦ καὶ ἐμπρησθέντος ἀλλοτρίῳ πυρί, ὅπερ ἡμεῖς ἐξεκαύσαμεν οὐ μόνον τῷ σαρκικῷ φρονήματι τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς νοερὸν ἕπεσθαι δουλικῶς παρασκευάσαντες, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν τῶν παθῶν ὕλην ἀναιδῆ δι' ἐνεργείας ἐξάψαντες. ἀλλὰ καὶ λίθον ἔχει ὁ Ζοροβάβελ ἐν τῇ χειρὶ ἑπτὰ ὀφθαλ μοῖς κοσμούμενον. ἔστι καὶ τῷ κυρίῳ λίθος ἡ εἰς αὐτὸν πίστις· ἐν τῇ χειρὶ δέ, ὅτι ἐν τῇ πράξει τῶν ἐντολῶν ἡ πίστις τοῦ Χριστοῦ διαφαίνεται. πράξεως δέ ἐστι σύμβολον προδήλως ἡ χείρ. φέρων οὖν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τὸν λίθον ὁ κύριος ἔμπρακτον ἡμᾶς διδάσκει τὴν εἰς αὐτὸν πίστιν ἔχειν ταῖς ἑπτὰ κοσμουμένην ἐνεργείαις τοῦ πνεύματος. 5 Mt 1, 16 Τὸ δὲ μὴ εἰπεῖν δι' ἧς ἐγεννήθη ἴσως, ἀλλὰ ἐξ ἧς, ἀνατρέπει τὴν αἵρεσιν Ἀπολιναρίου λέγοντος ὡς διὰ σωλῆνος τῆς παρθένου τὸν Χριστὸν διελθεῖν καὶ μηδὲν ἐξ αὐτῆς προσλαβεῖν. ὁ γὰρ εὐαγγελιστὴς οὐ δι' αὐτῆς φησι γεννηθῆναι τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ἀλλ' ἐξ αὐτῆς, τοῦτ' ἔστιν ἐκ τῶν πανάγνων αὐτῆς αἱμάτων· τοιοῦτον καὶ τὸ τοῦ ἀποστόλου· "ἀπέστειλε" γάρ φησιν "ὁ θεὸς τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ, γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός", ἀλλ' οὐ διὰ γυναικός. 6 Mt 1, 20 Γυναῖκα αὐτὴν ἐκάλεσεν ὁ ἄγγελος, ὅπως πάσης ὑποψίας τῆς πρὸς ἕτερον πρόσωπον ἐλευθερώσῃ τὴν παρθένον· εἰ γὰρ τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ γυναῖκα αὐτὴν