Fragments on the Epistle of Saint Paul to the Romans
OF CYRIL ARCHBISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA, THE SURVIVING FRAGMENTS ON THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS.
174 Concerning his Son, who was made of the seed of David according to 175 the flesh. The one indeed who was made from the seed of David according to the flesh, he says, was declared to be the Son of God in power according to the spirit of holiness by the resurrection of the dead. For we too have been designated as sons, but not so much in power, but as in a share of grace, being deemed worthy of the calling and gaining this reality by the sole will of God the Father; but Emmanuel would not be so; far from it; but even if he was made from the seed of David according to the flesh, and is counted as a son of God as one of us because of his humanity, yet he is Son in power and truth according to nature, through whom we also are made sons; if it is true to say that, having been enriched with his Spirit through holy 176 baptism, then indeed then and without reproach we say, "Abba, Father;" Therefore, as images to an archetype, so also we who are sons by adoption are to him who is by nature and in power and truly witnessed by the Father to be this. His eternal power and divinity. But how is his eternal power known through creation? Because since the things brought into being have a corruptible nature and have been called into existence in time, their creator must surely be incorruptible and eternal; therefore they will find no defense on the day of judgment. Will their unbelief nullify the faithfulness of God? More honored than the others are those who were foreknown and received the law as a tutor, and having promises concerning Christ, and indeed having received and been called before the others; for the Savior said, "I was not sent except to the lost sheep of the house of Israel;" and having become the firstfruits of those who were saved through faith. For if some, out of delusion, fell away from believing, would God for this reason, he says, fail to be true? Therefore the Father sent the Son from heaven, but not all have believed in him; so then, because some have become insolent and unbelieving, will God not be true on this account? By no means; Let God be true, and every man a liar; that is, let him be thought and said by us to be true, and let the accusation of falsehood be assigned, as it were, to every man. For the divine nature is utterly immutable and unchangeable; but human nature is greatly shaken and, insofar as it is possible, every man is a 177 liar; For falsehood at times afflicts the human mind like a sin, and nature somehow admits even such a disease; but in the case of God who rules over all, it is not lawful to think or say such a thing. Therefore, that human nature, that is, the mind, is able to suffer falsehood, the accusation will be true; Thus somewhere the blessed David also says, "I said in my ecstasy, Every man is a liar;" And the same argument would apply concerning God and us and in all other matters; for example, concerning righteousness, for one might say, and not unreasonably, "Let God be righteous, and every man unrighteous." But if our unrighteousness demonstrates the righteousness of God. The pretext for such a slander arose from this: after the return from Babylon the sons of Israel, having been ordered by Cyrus to rebuild the temple and to fulfill vows and offer sacrifices, became lazy, using as an excuse poverty and the hardship from the captivity; for this they were disciplined with measured chastisements, with famines 1
Fragmenta in sancti Pauli epistulam ad Romanos
CYRILLI ARCHIEPISCOPI ALEXANDRINI FRAGMENTA QUOT SUPERSUNT IN EPISTOLAM AD ROMANOS.
174 Περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, τοῦ γενομένου ἐκ σπέρματος ∆αβὶδ κατὰ 175 σάρκα. ΤΟΝ γεμὴν ἐκ σπέρματος ∆αυεὶδ γεγονότα, κατὰ τὴν σάρκα ὡρίσθαι φησὶν εἰς υἱὸν Θεοῦ ἐν δυνάμει κατὰ πνεῦμα ἁγιωσύνης ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν. ὡρίσμεθα μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς υἱοὺς, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐν δυνάμει μᾶλλον, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐν χάριτος μοίρᾳ, τῆς κλήσεως ἀξιούμενοι καὶ ὡς ἐν μόνῃ θελήσει τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Πατρὸς τὸ χρῆμα κερδαίνοντες· ὁ δέ γε Ἐμμανουὴλ οὐκ ἂν ὧδε ἔχοι· πολλοῦ γε καὶ δεῖ· ἀλλ' εἰ καὶ γέγονεν ἐκ σπέρματος τοῦ ∆αυεὶδ κατὰ σάρκα, καὶ ὡς εἷς ἐξ ἡμῶν εἰς υἱὸν λογίζεται Θεοῦ διὰ τὸ ἀνθρώπινον, ἀλλ' οὖν ἐν δυνάμει καὶ ἀληθείᾳ κατὰ φύσιν Υἱός ἐστι, δι' οὗ καὶ ἡμεῖς υἱοποιούμεθα· εἴπερ ἐστὶν ἀληθὲς εἰπεῖν, ὡς τὸ αὐτοῦ Πνεῦμα πεπλουτηκότες διὰ τοῦ ἁγίου 176 βαπτίσματος, τότε δὴ τότε καὶ ἀνεπιπλήκτως φαμέν "Ἀββὰ ὁ "πατήρ·" οὐκοῦν ὡς εἰκόνες πρὸς ἀρχέτυπον, οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς οἱ κατὰ θέσιν υἱοὶ πρὸς τὸν φύσει τε καὶ δυνάμει καὶ ἀληθῶς ἐκ Πατρὸς μεμαρτυρημένον εἰς τοῦτο. Ἥ τε ἀΐδιος αὐτοῦ δύναμις καὶ θειότης. Πῶς δὲ γινώσκεται διὰ τῆς δημιουργίας ἡ ἀΐδιος αὐτοῦ δύναμις; ὅτι φθαρτὴν ἐχόντων τὴν φύσιν τῶν παρηγμένων εἰς γένεσιν καὶ κεκλημένων ἐν χρόνῳ πρὸς ὕπαρξιν, ἔσται που πάντως ὁ τούτων δημιουργὸς ἄφθαρτος καὶ ἀΐδιος· οὐκοῦν οὐδεμίαν εὑρήσουσιν ἀπολογίαν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως. Μὴ ἡ ἀπιστία αὐτῶν τὴν πίστιν τοῦ Θεοῦ καταργήσῃ; Ἐντιμότεροι τῶν ἄλλων οἱ προεγνωσμένοι καὶ νόμον λαχόντες παιδαγωγὸν, καὶ ὑποσχέσεις ἔχοντες ἐπὶ Χριστῷ, καὶ δὴ καὶ ἀπειληφότες καὶ προκεκλημένοι τῶν ἄλλων· ἔφασκεν γὰρ ὁ Σωτήρ "Οὐκ ἀπεστάλην εἰ μὴ πρὸς τὰ "πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ·" καὶ τῶν διὰ πίστεως ἀνασεσωσμένων ἀπαρχὴ γεγονότες. οὐ γὰρ εἴ τινες ἐκ φρενοβλαβείας τοῦ πιστεύειν ἀπώλισθον, ταύτῃτοι, φησὶν, ἀφαμαρτήσειεν ἂν τοῦ καὶ ἀληθὴς εἶναι Θεός; οὐκοῦν πέπομφε μὲν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ τὸν Υἱὸν ὁ Πατὴρ, πεπιστεύκασι γεμὴν οὐ πάντες αὐτῷ· ἆρ' οὖν ὅτι γεγόνασί τινες ὑβρισταί τε καὶ ἄπιστοι, οὐκ ἔσται ὁ Θεὸς ἀληθὴς διὰ τοῦτο; μὴ γένοιτο· γινέσθω δὲ ὁ Θεὸς ἀληθὴς, πᾶς δὲ ἄνθρωπος ψεύστης· ἀντὶ τοῦ νοείσθω τε καὶ λεγέσθω πρὸς ἡμῶν ἀληθὴς, καθοριζέσθω δὲ ὥσπερ ἀνθρώπου παντὸς τοῦ ψεύδους τὸ κατηγόρημα. ἄτρεπτος μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἀναλλοίωτος παντελῶς ἡ θεία φύσις ἐστίν· σεσάλευται δὲ λίαν ἡ ἀνθρώπου φύσις καὶ ὅσον ἧκεν εἰς τὸ ἐγχωροῦν πᾶς ἄνθρωπος 177 Ψεύστης· καταθλεῖ γὰρ ἔσθ' ὅτε τῆς ἀνθρώπου διανοίας ὡς ἁμαρτία τὸ ψεῦδος, καὶ δέχεταί πως ἡ φύσις καὶ τοῦ τοιοῦδε τὴν νόσον· ἐπὶ δέ γε τοῦ πάντων κρατοῦντος Θεοῦ, τοιοῦτόν τι νοεῖν ἢ λέγειν οὐ θέμις. οὐκοῦν τό γε δύνασθαι παθεῖν τὸ ψεῦδος τὴν ἀνθρώπου φύσιν, ἤγουν τὴν διάνοιαν, ἀληθὲς ἔσται τὸ κατηγόρημα· οὕτω που φησὶ καὶ ὁ μακάριος ∆αυείδ " ̓Εγὼ εἶπα ἐν τῇ ἐκστάσει μου Πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ψεύστης·" ὁ αὐτὸς δ' ἂν γένοιτο λόγος περί τε Θεοῦ καὶ ἡμῶν καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων· οἷον ἐπὶ τῆς δικαιοσύνης, φαίη γὰρ ἄν τις καὶ οὐκ ἔξω λόγου Γινέσθω δίκαιος ὁ Θεὸς, πᾶς δὲ ἄνθρωπος ἄδικος. Εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀδικία ἡμῶν Θεοῦ δικαιοσύνην συνίστησι. Ἡ τῆς τοιαύτης διαβολῆς πρόφασις ἐντεῦθεν γεγενήται· μετὰ τὴν ἀπὸ Βαβυλῶνος ἐπάνοδον οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ κελευσθέντες ὑπὸ Κύρου ἀναδείμασθαι τὸν νεὼν καὶ πληροῦν εὐχὰς καὶ προσάγειν θυσίας, γεγόνασι ῥᾴθυμοι, προφασιζόμενοι πτωχείαν καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας ταλαιπωρίαν· ταύτῃ συμμέτροις ἐσωφρονίζοντο παιδείαις, ἀφορίαις 1