TO THE FELLOW PRESBYTER TIMOTHY, DIONYSIUS

 being illuminated super-cosmically by them for the hymns of the Godhead and being conformed to the sacred hymnologies, so as to see the divine lights

 For all knowledges are of things that are and have their limit in things that are, but It is beyond all essence and is removed from all knowledge. <5>

 <7> Thus, therefore, to the Cause of all and which is above all, both the nameless will apply and all the names of the things that are, so that it may

 the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so also the Son gives life to whom he will, and that It is the Spirit that gives life? That the ent

 to the one-principled Trinity also is common the super-essential existence, the super-divine divinity, the super-good goodness, the identity beyond al

 has partaken of the Word, unless someone might say according to the good-pleasing and man-loving common will and according to all the transcendent and

 Jesus, he says in his compiled Theological Outlines: <10> The all-causing and fulfilling Godhead of the Son, which preserves the parts in harmony with

 <III.> <1> And first, if you please, let us investigate the name Good, which reveals the whole procession of God's emanations, invoking the Good-Pri

 to the hierarchs, when we too, as you know, both yourself and many of our sacred brethren, had gathered for the sight of the life-originating and God-

 communions, the unconfused distinctions, the powers of the subordinate that lead up to the superior, the providences of the senior for the secondary,

 moves and nourishes and increases and perfects and purifies and renews. And light is the measure and number of hours, of days, and of all our time. Fo

 impartations and as calling all things to itself, whence it is also called Beauty, and as gathering all in all into one, and Beautiful as being All-Be

 the beautiful and the good is that which is beyond all rest and motion. Wherefore every rest and motion and that from which and in which and to which

 <12> And yet it has seemed to some of our sacred writers that the name 'eros' is even more divine than that of 'agape'. And the divine Ignatius also w

 an eternal circle through the Good, from the Good and in the Good and to the Good, moving about in an unerring convolution and in the same and accordi

 Whence then is evil? one might say. For if evil does not exist, virtue and vice are the same thing, and the whole is the same as the whole, and the pa

 irrational desire, in this it neither exists nor desires existing things, but it nevertheless partakes of the good by virtue of the faint echo itself

 simply nor in respect to time. <22> But neither is evil in angels. For if the good-like angel proclaims the divine goodness, being secondarily by part

 <24> But would someone say that souls are evil? If, because they associate with evil things providentially and for salvation, this is not evil, but go

 <30> To speak concisely The good is from one and the whole cause, but the evil from many and partial deficiencies. God knows evil, insofar as it is g

 goodnesses. <34> Therefore evil is not a being, nor is evil in beings. For evil, as evil, is nowhere. And the coming-to-be of evil is not according to

 manifestation of the all-perfect providence of the one God, and those of the more universal and the more particular things of the same. <3> And yet on

 <6> Therefore, the Essential Super-Goodness, putting forth the first gift, that of being itself, is praised by the first and most ancient of participa

 For if our sun, although the substances and qualities of sensible things are many and various, yet it, being one and shining a uniform light, renews a

 godlike and unchangeable immortality and the unwavering and unswerving perpetual motion, extending through an abundance of goodness even to the life o

 and is the cause of being of Wisdom itself, both of the whole and of each particular. <2> From it the intelligible and intellectual powers of the ange

 the cause of all things. Therefore God is known both in all things and apart from all things. And God is known through knowledge and through unknowing

 to be power-in-itself, both by being beyond-power and by bringing forth other powers, infinitely many times the infinite number of existing powers, an

 of the age, as having fallen away from none of the things that are, but rather both surpassing and pre-eminent over all beings according to a supra-es

 is defined and all inequality, which is a privation of the equality in each of them, is banished. For if anyone were to take inequality to mean the di

 We said the neck was opinion, as between the rational and irrational the breast, spirit the belly, desire the legs and feet, nature, using the name

 the return to him of those who have proceeded from him. <10> But if one should take the divine name 'Same' from the Oracles, or 'Justice,' in the sens

 beings, inasmuch as He is both before eternity and above eternity and His kingdom is a kingdom of all the ages. Amen. <ΧI.> <1> Come now, let us c

 and would never willingly wish to be at rest. And if he who says these things says that otherness and distinction are the particularity of each of the

 self-deification, of which beings, partaking according to their own nature, both are and live and are divine, and are and are called, and the others l

 It is therefore Perfect not only as being self-complete and defined in itself by itself in a single form and most perfect whole through whole, but als

 And not even the name of Goodness do we offer to It as being applicable, but from a yearning to conceive and speak something about that ineffable Natu

TO THE FELLOW PRESBYTER TIMOTHY, DIONYSIUS

THE PRESBYTER, CONCERNING THE DIVINE NAMES

<I.> <1> Now, O blessed one, after the Theological Outlines, I shall proceed, as far as possible, to the explanation of the Divine Names. And now too let the rule of the Oracles be set before us: that we are to declare the truth of the things spoken about God, "not in the persuasive words of human wisdom, but in demonstration" of the Spirit-moved "power" of the theologians, by which we are ineffably and unknowingly joined to the ineffable and unknown, in a union superior to our rational and intellectual power and activity. Therefore, we must not dare to say, or even to think, anything concerning the super-essential and hidden divinity beyond what has been divinely revealed to us by the sacred Oracles. For there is an unknowing of its own super-essentiality, which is beyond reason and mind and essence. To Itself we must attribute the super-essential knowledge, aspiring upwards only so far as the ray of the divine Oracles grants, contracting ourselves before its higher splendors with a soberness and piety concerning divine things. For if we must be persuaded by the all-wise and most true theology, the divine things are revealed and contemplated according to the proportion of each mind, since the divine goodness in its saving justice divinely separates what is without measure, as incomprehensible, from things in measure. For just as intelligible things are incomprehensible and unseen by things of sense, and simple and formless things by those in shape and form, and the intangible and unshaped formlessness of incorporeal things by those formed according to the shapes of bodies, by the same principle of truth the super-essential infinity is beyond essences, and the unity beyond mind is beyond minds. And the one beyond thought is unthinkable to all thoughts, and the good beyond speech is unspeakable by any speech; a unity that unifies every unity, and a super-essential essence, and a mind beyond mind, and a word beyond speech, irrationality, mindlessness, and namelessness, being in no way one of the things that are, and is the cause of being for all, but is not itself being, as being beyond all essence, and as it might properly and knowingly declare concerning itself. <2> Concerning this super-essential and hidden divinity, therefore, as has been said, one must not dare to say, or even to think, anything beyond what has been divinely revealed to us by the sacred Oracles. For as it has itself fittingly handed down concerning itself in the Oracles, the knowledge and contemplation of what it is, is inaccessible to all beings, as being super-essentially set apart from all. And you will find many of the theologians have hymned it not only as invisible and incomprehensible, but also as unsearchable and untraceable, since there is no track of any who have passed through to its hidden infinity. Yet the Good is not wholly without participation by any of the beings, but while its super-essential ray is steadfastly established upon itself, it fittingly shines forth in illuminations analogous to each being, and raises up toward its own attainable contemplation, communion, and likeness those sacred minds who, as is right, aspire to it in a holy manner, neither impotently and audaciously striving for what is beyond the harmoniously granted divine manifestation, nor sliding down to what is worse through laxity, but steadfastly and unswervingly stretching themselves up to the ray that shines upon them, and are winged upwards with a measured love for the permitted illuminations, with sacred reverence, soberly and piously. <3> Following these divine ordinances, which govern the entire holy orderings of the super-celestial essences, we, honoring the secret of the Godhead which is beyond mind and essence with unsearchable and sacred reverences of the mind, and the ineffable things with a sober silence, are uplifted to the splendors shining upon us in the sacred Oracles. And by them we are led to the light

ΤΩι ΣΥΜΠΡEΣΒΥΤEΡΩι ΤIΜOΘEΩι ∆IOΝΥΣIOΣ

O ΠΡEΣΒΥΤEΡOΣ ΠEΡI ΘEIΩΝ OΝOΜAΤΩΝ

<I.> <1> Νῦν δέ, ὦ μακάριε, μετὰ τὰς Θεολογικὰς ὑποτυπώσεις ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν θείων ὀνομάτων ἀνάπτυξιν, ὡς ἐφικτόν, μετελεύσομαι. Ἔστω δὲ καὶ νῦν ἡμῖν ὁ τῶν λογίων θεσμὸς προδιωρισμένος τὸ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἡμᾶς καταδείσασθαι τῶν περὶ θεοῦ λεγομένων «οὐκ ἐν πειθοῖς σοφίας ἀνθρωπίνης λόγοις, ἀλλ' ἐν ἀποδείξει» τῆς πνευματοκινήτου τῶν θεολόγων «δυνάμεως», καθ' ἣν τοῖς ἀφθέγκτοις καὶ ἀγνώστοις ἀφθέγκτως καὶ ἀγνώστως συναπτόμεθα κατὰ τὴν κρείττονα τῆς καθ' ἡμᾶς λογικῆς καὶ νοερᾶς δυνάμεως καὶ ἐνεργείας ἕνωσιν. Καθόλου τοιγαροῦν οὐ τολμητέον εἰπεῖν οὔτε μὴν ἐννοῆσαί τι περὶ τῆς ὑπερουσίου καὶ κρυφίας θεότητος παρὰ τὰ θειωδῶς ἡμῖν ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν λογίων ἐκπεφασμένα. Τῆς γὰρ ὑπὲρ λόγον καὶ νοῦν καὶ οὐσίαν αὐτῆς ὑπερουσιότητος ἀγνωσία. Aὐτῇ τὴν ὑπερούσιον ἐπιστήμην ἀναθετέον, τοσοῦτον ἐπὶ τὸ ἄναντες ἀνανεύοντας, ὅσον ἑαυτὴν ἐνδίδωσιν ἡ τῶν θεαρχικῶν λογίων ἀκτίς, πρὸς τὰς ὑπερτέρας αὐγὰς τῇ περὶ τὰ θεῖα σωφροσύνῃ καὶ ὁσιότητι συστελλομένους. Καὶ γὰρ εἴ τι δεῖ τῇ πανσόφῳ καὶ ἀληθεστάτῃ θεολογίᾳ πείθεσθαι, κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν ἑκάστου τῶν νοῶν ἀνακαλύπτεται τὰ θεῖα καὶ ἐποπτεύεται τῆς θεαρχικῆς ἀγαθότητος ἐν σωστικῇ δικαιοσύνῃ τῶν ἐν μέτρῳ τὴν ἀμετρίαν θεοπρεπῶς ὡς ἀχώρητον ἀποδιαστελλούσης. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἄληπτα καὶ ἀθεώρητα τοῖς αἰσθητοῖς ἐστι τὰ νοητὰ καὶ τοῖς ἐν πλάσει καὶ τύπῳ τὰ ἁπλᾶ καὶ ἀτύπωτα, τοῖς τε κατὰ σωμάτων σχήματα μεμορφωμένοις ἡ τῶν ἀσωμάτων ἀναφὴς καὶ ἀσχημάτιστος ἀμορφία, κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τῆς ἀληθείας λόγον ὑπέρκειται τῶν οὐσιῶν ἡ ὑπερούσιος ἀπειρία καὶ τῶν νοῶν ἡ ὑπὲρ νοῦν ἑνότης. Καὶ πάσαις διανοίαις ἀδιανόητόν ἐστι τὸ ὑπὲρ διάνοιαν ἕν, ἄῤῥητόν τε λόγῳ παντὶ τὸ ὑπὲρ λόγον ἀγαθόν, ἑνὰς ἑνοποιὸς ἁπάσης ἑνάδος καὶ ὑπερούσιος οὐσία καὶ νοῦς ἀνόητος καὶ λόγος ἄῤῥητος, ἀλογία καὶ ἀνοησία καὶ ἀνωνυμία κατὰ μηδὲν τῶν ὄντων οὖσα καὶ αἴτιον μὲν τοῦ εἶναι πᾶσιν, αὐτὸ δὲ μὴ ὂν ὡς πάσης οὐσίας ἐπέκεινα καὶ ὡς ἂν αὐτὴ περὶ ἑαυτῆς κυρίως καὶ ἐπιστητῶς ἀποφαίνοιτο. <2> Περὶ ταύτης οὖν, ὡς εἴρηται, τῆς ὑπερουσίου καὶ κρυφίας θεότητος οὐ τολμητέον εἰπεῖν οὔτε μὴν ἐννοῆσαί τι παρὰ τὰ θειωδῶς ἡμῖν ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν λογίων ἐκπεφασμένα. Καὶ γὰρ ὡς αὐτὴ περὶ ἑαυτῆς ἐν τοῖς λογίοις ἀγαθοπρεπῶς παραδέδωκεν, ἡ μὲν αὐτῆς, ὅ τι ποτέ ἐστιν, ἐπιστήμη καὶ θεωρία πᾶσιν ἄβατός ἐστι τοῖς οὖσιν ὡς πάντων ὑπερουσίως ἐξῃρημένη. Καὶ πολλοὺς τῶν θεολόγων εὑρήσεις οὐ μόνον ὡς ἀόρατον αὐτὴν καὶ ἀπερίληπτον ὑμνηκότας, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀνεξερεύνητον ἅμα καὶ ἀνεξιχνίαστον ὡς οὐκ ὄντος ἴχνους οὐδενὸς τῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κρυφίαν αὐτῆς ἀπειρίαν διελη λυθότων. Oὐ μὴν ἀκοινώνητόν ἐστι καθόλου τἀγαθὸν οὐδενὶ τῶν ὄντων, ἀλλ' ἐφ' ἑαυτοῦ μονίμως τὴν ὑπερούσιον ἱδρῦσαν ἀκτῖνα ταῖς ἑκάστου τῶν ὄντων ἀναλόγοις ἐλλάμψεσιν ἀγαθοπρεπῶς ἐπιφαίνεται καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἐφικτὴν αὑτοῦ θεωρίαν καὶ κοινωνίαν καὶ ὁμοίωσιν ἀνατείνει τοὺς ἱεροὺς νόας τοὺς ὡς θεμιτὸν αὐτῷ καὶ ἱεροπρεπῶς ἐπιβάλλοντας καὶ μήτε πρὸς τὸ ὑπέρτερον τῆς ἐναρμονίως ἐνδιδομένης θεοφανείας ἀδυνάτως ἀπαυθαδιζομένους μήτε πρὸς τὸ κάταντες ἐκ τῆς ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον ὑφέσεως ἀπολισθαίνοντας, ἀλλ' εὐσταθῶς τε καὶ ἀκλινῶς ἐπὶ τὴν ἀκτῖνα τὴν αὐτοῖς ἐπιλάμπουσαν ἀνατεινομένους καὶ τῷ συμμέτρῳ τῶν θεμιτῶν ἐλλάμψεων ἔρωτι μετ' εὐλαβείας ἱερᾶς σωφρόνως τε καὶ ὁσίως ἀναπτερουμένους. <3> Τούτοις ἑπόμενοι τοῖς θεαρχικοῖς ζυγοῖς, οἳ καὶ τὰς ὅλας διακυβερνῶσι τῶν ὑπερουρανίων οὐσιῶν ἁγίας διακοσμήσεις, τὸ μὲν ὑπὲρ νοῦν καὶ οὐσίαν τῆς θεαρχίας κρύφιον ἀνεξερευνήτοις καὶ ἱεραῖς νοὸς εὐλαβείαις, τὰ δὲ ἄῤῥητα σώφρονι σιγῇ τιμῶντες, ἐπὶ τὰς ἐλλαμπούσας ἡμῖν ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς λογίοις αὐγὰς ἀνατεινόμεθα. Καὶ πρὸς αὐτῶν φωταγωγούμεθα