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Supplementa minora ad quaestiones ad Marinum

αʹ. Eusebius in his work *To Marinus* says the following: "For the Church of Christ legislates two lives and ways: the one supernatural and beyond the common human way of life, not admitting marriages, nor the begetting of children, nor the possession of property, but wholly and completely different from the common and usual conduct of worldly people and devoted only to the service of God, through an excess of heavenly love. For those who pursue this way seem to be dead, carrying about the mortal life and the body alone upon the earth, but in spirit having their soul transported to the heavens, like certain heavenly beings, they watch over the life of men, consecrated to the God over all on behalf of the whole race; not with sacrifices of oxen and blood, nor with libations and sacrificial smoke, but with right doctrines of true piety and a disposition of a purified soul, and in addition with deeds and words according to virtue; by which they propitiate the Divine, they perform the sacred ministry on behalf of themselves and their fellow men. And so, the perfect and first way of the Christian life has been established as such. But the second and subordinate way, more human, and exceedingly incomparable to the first, allows one to condescend to moderate marriages and the begetting of children, and to take care of the household economy according to what is just, and those serving in the army, and to suggest what must be done, and to be concerned with fields and commerce, and the other more civic conduct, along with piety. For these, times for spiritual exercises, and days for discipleship and hearing of the divine oracles have been set apart, and a second degree of piety has been assigned, providing the benefit appropriate to such a life."

βʹ. This prophetic saying is from Malachi, not Isaiah; therefore, it is a scribe's error, as Eusebius of Caesarea says in *To Marinus* concerning the apparent discrepancy in the Gospels about the resurrection.

γʹ. For there was no one worthy in the city of the Jews, as Eusebius says in chapter 13 of *To Marinus*, to bear the trophy against the devil, the cross; but the one from the country, who had no share in the blood-guiltiness against Christ.

δʹ. Eusebius of Caesarea, called Pamphili, in his *Questions and Solutions to Marinus concerning the Savior's Passion and Resurrection*, also set these things forth for examination, that the divine evangelist Mark said it was the third hour when Christ our God and Savior was crucified; but the most theological John wrote that around the sixth hour Pilate sat down on the judgment seat in the place called the Pavement, and was questioning Jesus; and he says that this is a scribal error, overlooked by those who originally copied the Gospels; for while the letter gamma signifies the third hour, and the episemon the sixth, and these characters having much resemblance to each other, through error the letter gamma which indicates the third hour, with its straight line extended in length having been curved, passed into the meaning of the episemon, which indicates the sixth hour; for since the three evangelists, Matthew, Mark, and Luke, say in agreement that from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land until the ninth hour, it is very clear that the Lord and God Jesus was crucified before the sixth hour, before the darkness came, that is, at the third hour, as Mark has recorded; and that John in like manner had indicated the hour to be the third, and those who copied it changed the gamma into the episemon.

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Supplementa minora ad quaestiones ad Marinum

αʹ. Εὐσέβιος ἐν τοῖς πρὸς Μαρῖνον τοιάδε φησί· «Καὶ γὰρ ἡ τοῦ Χριστοῦ Ἐκκλησία δύο βίους νομοθετεῖ καὶ τρόπους· τὸν μὲν ὑπερφυῆ καὶ τῆς κοινῆς ἀνθρωπίνης πολιτείας ἐπέκεινα, οὐ γάμους, οὐ παιδοποιίας, οὐ περιουσίας ὕπαρξιν παραδεχόμενον, ἀλλ' ὅλον δι' ὅλου τῆς κοινῆς καὶ συνήθους τῶν βιωτικῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀγωγῆς παρηλλαγμένον καὶ μόνῃ τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ θεραπείᾳ προσῳκειωμένον, καθ' ὑπερβολὴν ἔρωτος οὐρανίου. Οἱ γὰρ τόνδε μετιόντες τὸν τρόπον τεθνάναι δοκοῦντες, τὸν θνητὸν βίον καὶ αὐτὸ μόνον τὸ σῶμα περιφέροντες ἐπὶ γῆς, φρονήματι δὲ τὴν ψυχὴν εἰς οὐρανοὺς μετενηνεγμένοι, οἷά τινες οὐράνιοι, τὸν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐφορῶσι βίον, ὑπὲρ τοῦ παντὸς γένους ἀφιερωμένοι τῷ ἐπὶ πάντων Θεῷ· οὐ βουθυσίαις καὶ αἵμασιν, οὐδὲ σπονδαῖς καὶ κνίσαις, ἀλλὰ δόγμασιν ὀρθοῖς ἀληθοῦς εὐσεβείας καὶ ψυχῆς διαθέσει κεκαθαρμένης, καὶ προσέτι τοῖς κατ' ἀρετὴν ἔργοις τε καὶ λόγοις· οἷς τὸ Θεῖον ἐξιλεούμενοι, τὴν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν ὁμογενῶν ἀποτελοῦσιν ἱερουργίαν· καὶ ὁ μὲν ἐντελὴς καὶ πρῶτος τῆς κατὰ Χριστιανισμὸν πολιτείας τρόπος, τοιόσδε καθέστηκεν. Ὁ δὲ δεύτερος καὶ ὑποβεβηκὼς, ἀνθρωπινώτερος, καὶ τῷ πρώτῳ λίαν ἀσύγκριτος· ὃς καὶ γάμοις συγκατιέναι σώφροσι καὶ παιδοποιίαις, οἰκονομίας τε τῆς κατὰ τὸ δίκαιον ἐπιμελεῖσθαι, καὶ στρατευομένους, καὶ τὰ πρακτέα ὑποτίθεσθαι, ἀγρῶν τε καὶ ἐμπορίας, καὶ τῆς ἄλλης πολιτικωτέρας ἀγωγῆς, μετὰ τοῦ θεοσεβοῦς φροντίζειν. Οἷς καὶ ἀσκήσεων καιροὶ, μαθητείας τε καὶ τῶν θείων λογίων ἀκροάσεως ἡμέραι ἀφωρίσθησαν, καὶ δεύτερος εὐσεβείας ἀπενεμήθη βαθμὸς, κατάλληλον τῷ τοιῷδε βίῳ παρέχων τὴν ὠφέλειαν.»

βʹ. Τοῦτο τὸ προφητικὸν ῥητὸν Μαλαχίου ἐστὶν, οὐχ Ἡσαΐου· γραφέως τοίνυν ἐστὶ σφάλμα, ὥς φησιν Εὐσέβιος ὁ Καισαρείας ἐν τῷ Πρὸς Μαρῖνον περὶ τῆς δοκούσης ἐν τοῖς Εὐαγγελίοις περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως διαφωνίας.

γʹ. Οὐ γὰρ ἦν ἄξιός τις ἐν τῇ πόλει Ἰουδαίων, ὥς φησιν Εὐσέβιος κεφαλαίῳ ιγʹ Πρὸς Μαρῖνον, τὸ κατὰ τοῦ διαβόλου τρόπαιον, τὸν σταυρὸν βαστάσαι· ἀλλ' ὁ ἐξ ἀγροῦ, ὃς μηδὲν ἐπικεκοινώνηκε τῇ κατὰ Χριστοῦ μιαιφονίᾳ.

δʹ. Εὐσέβιος ὁ Καισαρεὺς, ὁ Παμφίλου προσαγορευόμενος, ἐν ταῖς πρὸς Μαρῖνον ἐπὶ τοῦ Σωτηρίου πάθους καὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως Ζητήσεσι καὶ ἐπιλύσεσι, καὶ ταῦτα προὔθηκεν εἰς ἐξέτασιν, τὸ τὸν μὲν θεῖον εὐαγγελιστὴν Μάρκον εἰπεῖν ὥραν εἶναι τρίτην καθ' ἣν ἐσταυρώθη Χριστὸς ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Σωτὴρ ἡμῶν· τὸν δὲ θεολογικώτατον Ἰωάννην κατὰ τὴν ἕκτην ὥραν γράψαι προκαθεσθῆναι τὸν Πιλάτον ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος ἐν τῷ λιθοστρώτῳ τῷ καλουμένῳ, καὶ ἀνακρίνειν τὸν Ἰησοῦν· καί φησι γραφικὸν εἶναι τοῦτο σφάλμα, παροραθὲν παρὰ τῶν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἀπογραψαμένων τὰ Εὐαγγέλια· τοῦ μὲν γὰρ γάμμα στοιχείου τὴν τρίτην ὥραν σημαίνοντος, τοῦ δὲ ἐπισήμου τὴν ἕκτην, καὶ πολλὴν ἐμφέρειαν ἐχόντων πρὸς ἀλλήλους τούτων τῶν χαρακτήρων, κατὰ πλάνην τὸ γάμμα στοιχεῖον τὸ τῆς τρίτης ὥρας δηλωτικὸν, κυρτωθείσης τῆς ἀποτεταμμένης εἰς μῆκος εὐθείας, εἰς τὴν τοῦ ἐπισήμου μεταχωρῆσαι σημασίαν, τοῦ τῆς ἕκτης ὥρας δηλωτικοῦ· τῶν γὰρ τριῶν εὐαγγελιστῶν, τοῦ τε Ματθαίου καὶ Μάρκου, καὶ τοῦ Λουκᾶ συμφώνως λεγόντων, ὡς ἀπὸ ἕκτης ὥρας σκότος ἐγένετο ἐφ' ὅλην τὴν γῆν ἕως ὥρας ἐνάτης, πρόδηλον ὡς ὁ Κύριος καὶ Θεὸς Ἰησοῦς πρὸ τῆς ἕκτης ὥρας, πρὸ τοῦ γενέσθαι τὸ σκότος, ἐσταύρωτο, δηλαδὴ κατὰ τὴν τρίτην ὥραν, ὡς ὁ Μάρκος ἱστόρησε· καὶ τοῦ Ἰωάννου τὸν ὅμοιον τρόπον τὴν ὥραν τρίτην εἶναι ἐπισημηναμένου, καὶ τῶν ἀπογραψαμένων τὸ γάμμα μεταθέντων εἰς τὸ ἐπίσημον.