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Scholia in Proverbia (fragmenta e catenis )

SCHOLIA ON THE PROVERBS

A proverb is an utterance signifying intelligible things through perceptible things. 2 The kingdom of Israel is spiritual knowledge containing the discourses concerning God and incorporeal and corporeal things and judgment and providence or revealing the contemplation concerning ethics and physics and theology.

3 1, 2.1 to know wisdom and instruction For this reason, he says, "he reigned in Israel to know instruction and wisdom." And wisdom is the knowledge of corporeal and incorporeal things and of the judgment and providence contemplated in them; but instruction is the moderation of passions contemplated in the passible or irrational part of the soul. 4 1, 3.3 and to guide judgment To guide judgment means for the criterion to be correct and undistorted. And there are three criteria in us: sensation, reason, intellect; and sensation is of perceptible things, reason of nouns and verbs and of things said, and intellect of intelligible things. 5 1, 7.3 but reverence for God is the beginning of sensation Just as the intellect applies itself to perceptible things through the senses, so also it contemplates intelligible things through the virtues; 6 1, 7.4 but the impious will despise wisdom and instruction Those who acquire vice will despise wisdom and instruction; but in word, as I think, no one despises wisdom and instruction. 7 1, 9 for you will have a crown of graces on your head and a golden chain around your neck Just as the head and the neck here indicate the intellect, so also the crown and the chain here signify knowledge. For this is the custom of the Holy Spirit, to name with many names God and his angels and the intellect and virtue and knowledge and vice and ignorance and the devil himself and his angels. But he does not apply the names simply, as some think; for they are distinguishing marks of different activities, of God acting in us through the angels and of us in him, and of demons towards us and of us towards them. 8 1, 13 let us seize his costly possession; and let us fill our houses with spoils The possession of the just man is wisdom and understanding and prudence; "for acquire," he says, "wisdom and acquire understanding" and "he who acquires prudence loves himself." And the impious seize this possession, persuading the just man to do one of the things forbidden by God, so that the intellect, blinded by sin, may fall away from these holy possessions. 9 The demons despoil those whom they conquer, taking from them the panoply of God, the helmet and the breastplate and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. 10 1, 14.1-2 cast your lot in among us; let us all have one purse These are co-heirs of the adversaries, who partake of the same vice as they. And that is common which does not belong to the one God. 11 1, 17 for not unjustly are nets spread for the winged A net is the eternal punishment brought by the just judge upon unclean souls for the destruction of the wings that grew evilly from them. 12 1, 20 wisdom is praised in the ways out; and in the broad places it acts boldly; 1, 21 it is preached on the tops of the walls; and at the gates of the mighty it sits He now calls "exodus" the soul that has come out from vice and ignorance. Such also is the exodus of the sons of Israel which happened after the generation from the judgment of God and instruction. And he calls the same soul a "broad place"; "for open," he says, "your mouth wide, and I will fill it" and "be ye also enlarged" says Paul in the epistle to the Corinthians. And indeed, wisdom is praised by the soul that thus comes out;

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Scholia in Proverbia (fragmenta e catenis )

ΣΧΟΛΙΑ ΕΙΣ ΤΑΣ ΠΑΡΟΙΜΙΑΣ

Παροιμία ἐστὶν λόγος δι' αἰσθητῶν πραγμάτων σημαίνων πράγματα νοητά. 2 Βασιλεία Ἰσραήλ ἐστιν γνῶσις πνευματικὴ τοὺς περὶ θεοῦ καὶ ἀσωμάτων καὶ σωμάτων καὶ κρίσεως καὶ προνοίας περιέχουσα λόγους ἢ τὴν περὶ ἠθικῆς καὶ φυσικῆς καὶ θεολογικῆς ἀποκαλύπτουσα θεωρίαν.

3 1, 2.1 γνῶναι σοφίαν καὶ παιδείαν Τούτου χάριν, φησίν, «ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ γνῶναι παιδείαν καὶ σοφίαν». Καὶ σοφία μέν ἐστιν γνῶσις σωμάτων καὶ ἀσωμάτων καὶ τῆς ἐν τούτοις θεωρουμένης κρίσεως καὶ προνοίας· παιδεία δέ ἐστιν μετριοπάθεια παθῶν περὶ τὸ παθητικὸν ἢ ἄλογον τῆς ψυχῆς μέρος θεωρουμένη. 4 1, 3.3 καὶ κρίμα κατευθύνειν Τὸ κρίμα κατευθύνειν ὀρθὸν καὶ ἀδιάστροφον εἶναι τὸ κριτήριον δηλοῖ. Τρία δὲ κριτήρια ἐν ἡμῖν, αἴσθησις, λόγος, νοῦς· καὶ αἴσθησις μὲν τῶν αἰσθητῶν, λόγος δὲ ὀνομάτων καὶ ῥημάτων καὶ τῶν λεγομένων, νοῦς δὲ τῶν νοητῶν. 5 1, 7.3 εὐσέβεια δὲ εἰς θεὸν ἀρχὴ αἰσθήσεως Ὥσπερ διὰ τῶν αἰσθήσεων ὁ νοῦς ἐπιβάλλει τοῖς αἰσθητοῖς, οὕτω καὶ διὰ τῶν ἀρετῶν ἐποπτεύει τὰ νοητά· 6 1, 7.4 σοφίαν δὲ καὶ παιδείαν ἀσεβεῖς ἐξουθενήσουσιν Οἱ κτώμενοι κακίαν ἐξουθενήσουσι σοφίαν καὶ παιδείαν· λόγῳ δέ, ὡς οἶμαι, οὐδεὶς ἐξουθενεῖ σοφίαν καὶ παιδείαν. 7 1, 9 στέφανον γὰρ χαρίτων ἕξῃ σῇ κορυφῇ καὶ κλοιὸν χρύσεον περὶ σῷ τραχήλῳ Ὥσπερ ἡ κορυφὴ καὶ ὁ τράχηλος δηλοῖ ἐνταῦθα τὸν νοῦν, οὕτω καὶ ὁ στέφανος καὶ ὁ κλοιὸς ἐνταῦθα σημαίνει τὴν γνῶσιν. Αὕτη γὰρ ἡ συνήθεια τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου πολλοῖς ὀνόμασιν ὀνομάζειν τὸν θεόν τε καὶ τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸν νοῦν καὶ τὴν ἀρετὴν καὶ τὴν γνῶσιν καὶ τὴν κακίαν καὶ τὴν ἀγνωσίαν καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν διάβολον καὶ τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς δὲ τίθησι τὰ ὀνόματα, ὥς τινες οἴονται· διαφόρων γὰρ ἐνεργειῶν εἰσι γνωσρίσματα, θεοῦ τε διὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων ἐν ἡμῖν ἐνεργοῦντος καὶ ἡμῶν ἐν αὐτῷ, δαιμόνων τε πρὸς ἡμᾶς καὶ ἡμῶν πρὸς αὐτούς. 8 1, 13 τὴν κτῆσιν αὐτοῦ τὴν πολυτελῆ καταλαβώμεθα· πλήσωμεν δὲ οἴκους ἡμετέρους σκύλων Ἡ κτῆσις τοῦ δικαίου ἐστὶν σοφία καὶ σύνεσις καὶ φρόνησις· «κτῆσαι γάρ, φησί, σοφίαν καὶ κτῆσαι σύνεσιν» καὶ «ὁ κτώμενος φρόνησιν ἀγαπᾷ ἑαυτόν». Καταλαμβάνονται δὲ τὴν κτῆσιν ταύτην οἱ ἀσεβεῖς, πείθοντες τὸν δίκαιον ποιῆσαί τι τῶν ἀπηγορευμένων παρὰ θεῷ, ἵνα τυφλωθεὶς ὑπὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ νοῦς ἐκπέσῃ τῶν ἁγίων τούτων κτημάτων. 9 Τούτους σκυλεύουσιν οὓς νικῶσιν οἱ δαίμονες, λαμβάνοντες ἀπ' αὐτῶν τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ πανοπλίαν, τὴν περικεφαλαίαν καὶ τὸν θώρακα καὶ τὴν μάχαιραν τοῦ πνεύματος, ὅ ἐστι ῥῆμα θεοῦ. 10 1, 14.1-2 τὸν δὲ σὸν κλῆρον βάλε ἐν ἡμῖν· κοινὸν δὲ βαλλάντιον κτησώμεθα πάντες Οὗτοι συγκληρονόμοι τῶν ἀντικειμένων εἰσὶν οἱ τῆς αὐτῆς αὐτοῖς κακίας μεταλαμβάνοντες. Κοινὸν δέ ἐστιν ὃ μὴ τοῦ ἑνός ἐστι θεοῦ. 11 1, 17 οὐ γὰρ ἀδίκως ἐκτείνεται δίκτυα πτερωτοῖς ∆ίκτυόν ἐστιν κόλασις αἰώνιος παρὰ τοῦ δικαίου κριτοῦ ταῖς ἀκαθάρτοις προσαγομένη ψυχαῖς ἐπ' ἀπωλείᾳ τῶν κακῶς ἀπ' αὐτῶν ἐκφύντων πτερῶν. 12 1, 20 σοφία ἐν ἐξόδοις ὑμνεῖται· ἐν δὲ πλατείαις παρρησίαν ἄγει· 1, 21 ἐπ' ἄκρων δὲ τειχέων κηρύσσεται· ἐπὶ δὲ πύλαις δυναστῶν παρεδρεύει Ἔξοδον νῦν ὀνομάζει τὴν ἐξελθοῦσαν ψυχὴν ἀπὸ κακίας καὶ ἀγνωσίας. Τοιαύτη δὲ καὶ ἡ ἔξοδος τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ἡ μετὰ τὴν ἐκ τῆς κρίσεως τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ διδασκαλίας γένεσιν γεγονυῖα. Τὴν αὐτὴν δὲ ψυχὴν καὶ πλατεῖαν λέγει· «πλάτυνον γάρ, φησίν, τὸ στόμα σου καὶ πληρώσω αὐτὸ» καὶ «πλατύνθητε δὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς» ἐν τῇ πρὸς Κορινθίους ὁ Παῦλος. Καὶ ὑπὸ μὲν τῆς οὕτως ἐξερχομένης ψυχῆς ὑμνεῖται ἡ σοφία·