Epimerismi in Psalmos

GRAMMATICAL ANALYSES, WITH GOD, OF THE PSALTER, FROM THE VOICE OF GEORGE, SURNAMED CHOIROBOSKOS.

PSALM, a simple common and synonymous noun, is a part of speech, a masculine derivative noun, of the kind of derivatives from a verb. And it is verbal, being derived from a verb; and psalm, from *psallo*, *psalo*, *epsalon*, *epsalmai*, *psalmos*, as *tillo*, *tilo*, *tetilka*, *tetilmai*, *tilmos*, and *pallo*, *pepalka*, *palmos*, and it becomes *epsalmos*; but nouns formed from the passive perfect tend to begin like their own present tenses and to keep the characteristic consonant of the passive perfect, from which they also came; and *psallo* comes from *psauo*; and this from *pso*, meaning I approach; for in the old days they would play by approaching the lyre. *Pso* has 5 meanings: to make thin, from which we also say a light-armed soldier, the unarmed and naked one; *pso* meaning I approach, from which also *psora* (itch), from touching while scratching the affected parts of the body; *pso* meaning I break, from which also *psomos* (a morsel), the bread broken into small pieces; *pso* meaning I burn, from which also "a fiery thunderbolt," the burning one; *pso* meaning I rub, from which also "rubbing the ears of corn with their hands." Why is the O in MOS short? Masculine and feminine nouns in -OS, and neuter in -ON, have their genitive in -OUS, [e.g.] *belous*, *teichous*. Why is it oxytone? Common nouns in -MOS, having the penultimate syllable ending in L, are oxytone, for example *ophthalmos*, *indalmos*, *tilmos*, and *psalmos*. *Olmos* is noted as being barytone, which means the mortar; and it is also a round stone, in which they pound legumes and some other things; this is hollow on both sides at its base; and it is also a type of cup, and a part of pipes, and certain sockets in pipes, and the lower part of a fishing rod, and the oracle.

PSALM, of what type among those subordinate to the noun? Synonymous. Define it. And polyonymous is that which signifies the same thing with different names, for example *aor*, *xiphos*, *machaira*, *phasganon*, *spathe*. And it is called both psalm and hymn, and ode and praise. FIRST, of what type of noun? Of the ordinal, according to meaning. Define it. And ordinal is that which indicates order, for example first, second, third. Why is it barytone? Disyllabic words ending in pure -TOS, used for numbering, are barytone, for example *tritos*, *pemptos*, *hektos*. And why do we not say properispomenon, but barytone? It must be known that paroxytones and proparoxytones and properispomena are in effect called barytones; but those having the accent on the end are either oxytone or perispomenon. In how many ways is FIRST used? In four ways: according to time, as the prophets were first before the apostles; according to nature, as the animal is first before the man; according to order, as the elements are first before the syllable, and the prefaces before the speeches; according to worth, as the rulers are first before the ruled. FIRST means two things: what is called first among us, as Peter is first before Paul; and the end of the pole, as in to[ ∴Il. .♣ζ 40 ]."...having broken it at the first pole." *Proteros* and *protos* differ, in that the one is used for only two, as in "Diomedes good at the war-cry addressed him first," while the other is for many, as in, "the lord of men Agamemnon arose by far the first." FIRST, of what kind? Of the superlative, according to form; and superlative is the intensification of one in relation to many. How many types of superlatives are there? Two: the one in -TATOS, *oxytatos*, 3 *bradytatos*, *barytatos*, and the one in -TOS, for example *aristos*, *megistos* 1σ∧∴ο∧1∧0ρ∧η∧Κ⇔∧0∧ ... .of what kind of derivatives? Paronymous. How many things does *ker* mean? Two: in the neuter, the soul; and

Epimerismi in Psalmos

ΕΠΙΜΕΡΙΣΜΟΙ ΣΥΝ ΘΕΩΙ ΤΟΥ ΨΑΛΤΗΡΙΟΥ ΑΠΟ ΦΩΝΗΣ ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΕΠΙΚΛΗΝ ΧΟΙΡΟΒΟΣΚΟΥ.

ΨΑΛΜῸΣ, ο᾿´νομα ἁπλοῦν προσηγορικὸν καὶ συνώνυμον, μέρος λόγου ε᾿στὶν

ο᾿νο´ματος α᾿ρσενικοῦ παραγώγου, ει᾿´δους τῶν παραγώγων ῥηματικοῦ.Ῥηματικὸν δέ ἐστι, παρηγμένον α᾿πο` ῥήματος· ψαλμὸς δὲ, παρὰ τὸ ψάλλω, ψαλῶ, ε᾿´ψαλον, ε᾿´ψαλμαι, ψαλμὸς, ὡς τίλλω, τιλῶ, τέτιλκα, τέτιλμαι, τιλμὸς, καὶ πάλλω, πέπαλκα, παλμὸς, καὶ γίνεται ε᾿ψαλμός· α᾿λλὰ τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ παθητικοῦ παρακειμένου γινόμενα ο᾿νο´ματα συνάρχεσθαι θέλουσι τοῖς ι᾿δι´οις ε᾿νεστῶσι καὶ φυλάττειν τὸ χαρακτηριστικὸν σύμφωνον τοῦ παθητικοῦ παρακειμένου, ε᾿ξ ω῾῀ν καὶ ἐγένοντο· τὸ δὲ ψάλλω γίνεται παρὰ τὸ ψαύω· τοῦτο δὲ παρὰ τὸ ψῶ τὸ προσεγγίζω· τῇ γὰρ κιθάρᾳ προσεγγίζοντες τὸ παλαιὸν ε᾿´ψαλλον. Τὸ ψῶ σημαίνει εʹ· τὸ λεπτύνω, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ ψιλὸν στρατιώτην λέγομεν, τὸν α᾿´οπλον καὶ γυμνόν· ψῶ τὸ προσεγγίζω, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ ψώρα, παρὰ τὸ α῾´πτεσθαι ε᾿ν τῷ κνήθειν τὰ πεπονθότα μέλη τοῦ σώματος· ψῶ τὸ κόπτω, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ ψωμὸς, ὁ ει᾿ς μικρὰ κεκομμένος α᾿´ρτος· ψῶ τὸ καίω, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ "ψωλόεις κε ραυνὸς" ὁ καυστικός· ψῶ τὸ τρίβω, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ τὸ "ψώ χοντες ταῖς χερσὶ τοὺς στάχυας." Τὸ ΜΟΣ μικρὸν, διατί; Τὰ ει᾿ς ΟΣ α᾿ρσενικὰ καὶ θηλυκὰ, καὶ τὰ ει᾿ς ΟΝ ου᾿δε´τερον, ει᾿ς ΟΥΣ ε᾿´χουσι τὴν γενικὴν, βέλους, τείχους. ∆ιατί ὀξύνεται; Τὰ ει᾿ς ΜΟΣ προσηγορικὰ, ε᾿´χοντα τὴν πρὸ τοῦ τέλους συλλαβὴν ει᾿ς Λ λήγουσαν, ο᾿ξυ´νονται, οι῾῀ον ο᾿φθαλμὸς, ι᾿νδαλμὸς, τιλμὸς, καὶ ψαλμός. Σεσημείωται τὸ ο᾿´λμος βαρυνόμενον, ο῾` σημαίνει τὴν ι᾿´γδην· ε᾿´στι δὲ καὶ 2 λίθος περιφερὴς, ει᾿ς ο῾`ν κόπτουσιν ο᾿´σπρια καὶ α᾿´λλα τινά· τοῦτο ταῖς ὑπογλουτίσιν ἑκατέρωθεν ε᾿στὶ κοῖλον· ε᾿´στι δὲ καὶ ποτηρίου ει᾿῀δος, καὶ μέρος τῶν αυ᾿λω῀ν, καὶ ὑφόλμια τινὰ ἐν αυ᾿λοῖς, καὶ τοῦ ἁλιευτικοῦ καλάμου τὸ κατώτερον μέρος, καὶ τὸ μαντεῖον.

ΨΑΛΜῸΣ ποίου ει᾿´δους τῶν ὑποπεπτωκότων τῷ ὀνόματι; Συνωνύμου. ∆ιόρισον. Πολυώνυμον δέ ἐστι, τὸ ἐν διαφόροις ο᾿νο´μασι τὸ αυ᾿το` δηλοῦν, οι῾῀ον α᾿´ορ, ξίφος, μάχαιρα, φάσγανον, σπάθη. Λέγεται δὲ καὶ ψαλμὸς καὶ υ῾´μνος, καὶ ᾠδὴ καὶ αι᾿῀νος. ΠΡΩ͂ΤΟΣ ο᾿νο´ματος ποίου ει᾿´δους; Τῶν κατὰ σημασίαν τακτικοῦ. ∆ιόρισον. Τακτικὸν δέ ἐστι τὸ τάξιν δηλοῦν, οι῾῀ον πρῶτος, δεύτερος, τρίτος. ∆ιατί βαρύνεται; Τὰ ει᾿ς ΤΟΣ καθαρὰ δισύλλαβα ε᾿π' α᾿ριθμῷ ταττόμενα βαρύ νονται, οι῾῀ον τρίτος, πέμπτος, ε῾´κτος. Καὶ διατὶ ου᾿ λέγομεν προπερισπώμενον, α᾿λλὰ βαρύτονον;Ἰστέον, ο῾´τι τὰ παρο ξύτονα καὶ τὰ προπαροξύτονα καὶ τὰ προπερισπώμενα δυνάμει βαρύτονα καλοῦνται· τὰ δὲ ἐπὶ τέλους ε᾿´χοντα τὸν τόνον, η᾿` ο᾿ξυ´τονα η᾿` περισπώμενα. Ποσαχῶς τὸ ΠΡΩ͂ΤΟΣ; Τετραχῶς· κατὰ χρόνον, ὡς πρῶτοι οἱ προφῆται τῶν α᾿πο στόλων· κατὰ φύσιν, ὡς πρῶτον τὸ ζῶον τοῦ ἀνθρώπου· κατὰ τάξιν, ὡς πρῶτα τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς συλλαβῆς, καὶ τὰ προοίμια τῶν λόγων· κατὰ ἀξίαν, ὡς πρῶτοι ει᾿σι`ν οἱ α᾿´ρ χοντες τῶν α᾿ρχομένων. ΠΡΩ͂ΤΟΣ σημαίνει δύο· τὸν παρ' ἡμῖν λεγόμενον πρῶτον, ὡς πρῶτος ε᾿στὶν ὁ Πέτρος τοῦ Παύλου· καὶ τὸ α᾿´κρον τοῦ ῥυμοῦ, ὡς το[ ∴Il. .♣ζ 40 ].α᾿´ξαντ' ε᾿ν πρώτῳ ῥυμῷ. ∆ιαφέρει πρότερος καὶ πρῶτος, ο῾´τι τὸ μὲν ε᾿πι` δύο μόνον λαμβάνεται, ὡς τὸ πρότερος προσέειπε βοὴν α᾿γαθὸς ∆ιομήδης, τὸ δὲ ἐπὶ πολλῶν, ὡς τὸ, ω᾿῀ρτο πολὺ πρῶτος μὲν α᾿´ναξ α᾿νδρῶνἈγαμέμνων. ΠΡΩ͂ΤΟΣ ποίου ει᾿´δους; Τῶν κατὰ φωνὴν ὑπερθετικοῦ· ὑπερ θετικὸν δέ ἐστι τὸ κατ' ε᾿πι´τασιν ἑνὸς πρὸς πολλούς. Πόσοι τύποι τῶν ὑπερθετικῶν; ∆ύο· ὁ ει᾿ς ΤΑΤΟΣ, ο᾿ξυ´τατος, 3 βραδύτατος, βαρύτατος, καὶ ὁ ει᾿ς ΤΟΣ, οι῾῀ον α᾿´ριστος, μέ γιστος 1σ∧∴ο∧1∧0ρ∧η∧Κ⇔∧0∧ ... .ει᾿´δους τῶν παραγώγων; Παρωνύμου. Πόσα σημαίνει κήρ; ∆ύο· ου᾿δετέρως τὴν ψυχήν· καὶ