John Chrysostom, On the Salvation of Souls

De salute animae

On the salvation of the soul.

60.735 Beloved, you who have left behind the vain and perishable things of this life,

struggle, that you may not turn your mind back to them again. For wealth passes away, and glory perishes, and beauty withers, and all things change, and like smoke they vanish, and like a shadow they pass by, and like a dream they disappear. For this reason Solomon said: Vanity of vanities, all is vanity; and David says: Man walks about like a shadow. Yet all those who strive for the things of the present life are troubled in vain; truly they are troubled in vain, they are disturbed in vain, they are tempest-tossed in vain, gathering together and treasuring up things that will be left behind after a little while; which we are not able to take with us, but leaving all things behind, we will go naked as we were born to the terrible judge.

And even if we gather all treasures, naked, dark, wretched, gloomy, exposed, humbled, crushed, afraid, trembling, downcast, mournful, with our face to the ground, and covering it with shame; thus we will go, thus we will rise, thus we will stand before that dreadful and bitter, impartial tribunal, where angels tremble, where dreadful thrones are set, where the books of deeds are opened, where the river of unquenchable fire is, where the untamed worm is, where the unlit darkness is, where the unheated Tartarus is, where the gnashing of teeth is, where the unceasing tear is, where the unceasing groan is, where the inconsolable grief is, where there is no laughter, but lamentation; where there is no joy, but groaning; where there is no luxury, but judgment; where there is no sound, but trembling. It is truly terrible to hear, beloved, but more terrible to see all creation standing and giving an account for every word, for every deed, for every thought, of those in the night, of those in the day, in which we have sinned.

Great is the fear, brothers, at that time, great the distress, such as never was nor ever will be until that day. Then angels run about, the trumpets sound, the stars fall, the sun is darkened, the heavens are rolled up, the earth is shaken, the powers run forth, the Seraphim cry out, things above, things below, things on earth, things under the earth are disturbed, the tombs are opened, the bodies rise and are gathered, the tribunal is prepared. Much is the fear, indescribable the trembling, incomprehensible the distress that will then be; great is that storm, great the anguish, difficult the circumstance, unceasing the tumult, great the wailing. Hear, then, what Daniel says: 60.736 I saw in a vision of the night, until thrones were set, and the Ancient of days sat. His garment was white as snow, the hair of his head pure as wool; his throne was a flame, his wheels burning fire. A river of fire flowed before him; a thousand thousands stood by him, and ten thousand times ten thousand ministered to him; the judgment was set, and the books were opened. Then my spirit shuddered. I, Daniel, saw, and the vision of my head troubled me. Alas! the prophet, seeing the vision of the future judgment, shuddered! And what then are we to endure, when we come to these very things? when, gathered from the rising of the sun to its setting, we stand naked, and showing to all the burden of our sins upon our neck? Then

De salute animae

Περὶ σωτηρίας ψυχῆς.

60.735 Ἀγαπητοὶ, ὅσοι τὰ τοῦ βίου μάταια καὶ ἀπολλύμενα πράγματα κατελίπετε,

ἀγωνίσασθε, ἵνα μὴ πάλιν ἐπ' αὐτὰ τὸν ὑμέτερον νοῦν ἐπιστρέψητε. Ὁ γὰρ πλοῦτος παρέρχεται, καὶ ἡ δόξα ἀπόλλυται, καὶ τὸ κάλλος μαραίνεται, καὶ πάντα ἀλλάσσονται, καὶ ὡς καπνὸς ἀπόλλυνται, καὶ ὡς σκιὰ παράγουσι, καὶ ὡς ἐνύπνιον ἐξαφανίζονται. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ἔλεγεν ὁ Σολομών· Ματαιότης ματαιοτήτων, τὰ πάντα ματαιότης· καὶ ὁ ∆αυῒδ λέγει· Ἐν εἰκόνι διαπορεύεται ἄνθρωπος. Πλὴν μάτην ταράσσονται πάντες οἱ τὰ τοῦ παρόντος βίου πράγματα ἀγωνιῶντες· ὄντως μάτην ταράσσονται, μάτην θορυβοῦνται, μάτην χειμάζονται, ἐπισυνάγοντες καὶ θησαυρίζοντες τὰ μετ' ὀλίγον καταλειπόμενα· ἅπερ λαβεῖν μεθ' ἑαυτῶν οὐ δυνάμεθα, ἀλλὰ πάντα καταλιπόντες, γυμνοὶ ὡς ἐγεννήθημεν πορευσόμεθα πρὸς τὸν φοβερὸν δικαστήν.

Κἂν πάντας τοὺς θησαυροὺς συνάξωμεν, γυμνοὶ, σκοτεινοὶ, ἐλεεινοὶ, σκυθρωποὶ, τετραχηλισμένοι, τεταπεινωμένοι, συντετριμμένοι, ἔμφοβοι, ἔντρομοι, κατηφεῖς, ὀδυνηροὶ, εἰς γῆν τὸ πρόσωπον ἔχοντες, καὶ τοῦτο μετ' αἰσχύνης συγκαλύπτοντες· οὕτω πορευσόμεθα, οὕτως ἀναστησόμεθα, οὕτω παραστησόμεθα εἰς ἐκεῖνο τὸ φρικτὸν καὶ πικρὸν ἀπροσωπόληπτον δικαστήριον, ὅπου ἄγγελοι τρέμουσιν, ὅπου θρόνοι φοβεροὶ τίθενται, ὅπου αἱ βίβλοι τῶν πράξεων ἀνοίγονται, ὅπου ὁ ποταμὸς τοῦ πυρὸς τοῦ ἀσβέστου, ὅπου ὁ ἀνήμερος σκώληξ, ὅπου τὸ ἀφώτιστον σκότος, ὅπου ὁ ἀθέρμαντος τάρταρος, ὅπου ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων, ὅπου τὸ ἀκατάπαυστον δάκρυον, ὅπου ὁ ἀσίγητος στεναγμὸς, ὅπου τὸ ἀπαραμύθητον πένθος, ὅπου οὐκ ἔστι γέλως, ἀλλὰ θρῆνος· ὅπου οὐκ ἔστι χαρμοσύνη, ἀλλὰ στεναγμός· ὅπου οὐκ ἔστι τρυφὴ, ἀλλὰ κρίσις· ὅπου οὐκ ἔστι φθόγγος, ἀλλὰ τρόμος. Φοβερὸν ὄντως ἀκοῦσαι, ἀγαπητοὶ, φοβερώτερον δὲ τὸ ἰδέσθαι πᾶσαν τὴν κτίσιν ἱσταμένην, καὶ ἀπολογουμένην ὑπὲρ λόγου, ὑπὲρ ἔργου, ὑπὲρ ἐννοιῶν, τῶν ἐν νυκτὶ, τῶν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ, ὧν ἡμάρτομεν.

Μέγας ὁ φόβος, ἀδελφοὶ, τότε, μεγάλη ἡ ἀνάγκη, οἵα οὐδέποτε ἐγένετο οὐδὲ γενήσεται ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης. Τότε ἄγγελοι περιτρέχουσιν, αἱ σάλπιγγες βοῶσι, τὰ ἄστρα πίπτουσιν, ὁ ἥλιος σκοτίζεται, οἱ οὐρανοὶ εἱλίσσονται, ἡ γῆ σαλεύεται, αἱ δυνάμεις προτρέχουσι, τὰ Σεραφὶμ βοῶσι, τὰ ἄνω, τὰ κάτω, τὰ ἐπίγεια, τὰ καταχθόνια ταράσσονται, τὰ μνημεῖα ἀνοίγονται, τὰ σώματα ἀνίστανται καὶ συνάγονται, τὸ κριτήριον εὐτρεπίζεται. Πολὺς ὁ φόβος, ἀδιήγητος ὁ τρόμος, ἀκατάληπτος ἡ ἀνάγκη ἡ τότε γινομένη· μέγας ὁ χειμὼν ἐκεῖνος, μεγάλη ἡ ὀδύνη, χαλεπὴ ἡ περίστασις, ἀκατάπαυστος ὁ θόρυβος, μέγας ὁ ὀλολυγμός. Ἄκουε οὖν τοῦ ∆ανιὴλ λέγοντος· 60.736 Ἐθεώρουν ἐν ὁράματι τῆς νυκτὸς, ἕως οὗ θρόνοι ἐτέθησαν, καὶ Παλαιὸς ἡμερῶν ἐκάθισε. Τὸ ἔνδυμα αὐτοῦ λευκὸν ὡσεὶ χιὼν, ἡ θρὶξ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ καθαρὸν ὡς ἔριον· ὁ θρόνος αὐτοῦ φλὸξ, οἱ τροχοὶ αὐτοῦ πῦρ φλέγον. Ποταμὸς πυρὸς εἷλκεν ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ· χίλιαι χιλιάδες παρειστήκεισαν αὐτῷ, καὶ μύριαι μυριάδες ἐλειτούργουν αὐτῷ· τὸ κριτήριον ἐκάθισε, καὶ βίβλοι ἠνεῴχθησαν. Ἔφριξε τότε τὸ πνεῦμά μου. Ἐγὼ ∆ανιὴλ εἶδον, καὶ ἡ ὅρασις τῆς κεφαλῆς μου συνετάραξέ με. Βαβαί! ὁ προφήτης τὸ ὅραμα τῆς μελλούσης κρίσεως ἰδὼν ἔφριξε! Καὶ τί ἄρα ἡμεῖς μέλλομεν ὑπομένειν, ὅταν εἰς αὐτὰ τὰ πράγματα ἔλθωμεν; ὅταν ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν ἡλίου μέχρι δυσμῶν ἐπισυναγόμενοι παριστώμεθα γυμνοὶ, καὶ τὸ φορτίον τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἐπὶ τοῦ τραχήλου πᾶσιν ἐπιδεικνύοντες; Τότε