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Eclogae ex diversis homiliis

OF OUR FATHER AMONG THE SAINTS JOHN, ARCHBISHOP OF CONSTANTINOPLE, CHRYSOSTOM, SELECTIONS FROM

VARIOUS DISCOURSES.

HOMILY I. Concerning love.

Our loving God, wishing to bind all to one another, beloved, has placed such a necessity in things, that the interest of one is bound up in the interest of his neighbor. For the farmer does not sow so much grain as is sufficient for himself, since he would have long ago destroyed both himself and the others; and the soldier does not array himself for dangers to save himself, but to establish cities in safety; and the merchant does not bring so many things as are sufficient for himself alone, but as are for many others. For since people would not otherwise have endured to seek the things of their neighbor, unless he had established them in this necessity, for this reason God has so joined them, and does not allow one to attain his own benefit before having journeyed through the benefits of others. For it is not possible to be saved without having this; but, even if you practice the highest philosophy, yet neglect the others who are perishing, you will gain no boldness with God. For if I give all my goods to feed the poor, says the divine Apostle, and if I give my body to be burned, but have not love, I am profited nothing. But if you wish to learn how great a weapon it is to draw the brethren to oneself, even if some were unbelievers, and to be meek 63.568 and gentle and to offer a sweet disposition, hear what this same blessed Paul says, as he was about to be judged, entering before an unbelieving judge: I think myself happy, being about to be judged before you. But he said these things not to flatter him, far from it, but wishing to win him through gentleness. Wherefore he also won in part, and he who was until then considered the condemned one captured the judge, and the one who was overcome himself confesses the victory with a clear voice in the presence of all, saying: In a little you persuade me to become a Christian. What then does Paul say? I would pray that not only you, but also all who are present might become such as I am. When therefore he demands so great a measure, but we do not even provide the lesser, of what pardon shall we be worthy? And do not think it is something shameful to be in need of another; for this has become the work of the ineffable wisdom of God. For if we need one another, and even the necessity of need does not bring us together in friendship; if we were self-sufficient, would we not have been untamable beasts? By force and necessity God has subjected us to one another, and we encounter one another each day; if he had removed this bridle, who would have quickly loved the friendship of his neighbor? For this reason God has given 63.569 us one house, the world, and has kindled one lamp for all, the sun, and has stretched out one roof, the heaven, and has set one table, the earth. And he has not granted more and more precious things to the rich, and meaner and lesser things to the poor, so that we may have a great and unbreakable union with one another, and no one may have reason to say, So-and-so is not my friend, nor a kinsman, nor a neighbor, nor do I have anything in common with him; how shall I approach, how shall I converse? Nor ought we to have such familiarity with one another as that intimacy which friends ought to show to friends, but as much as a limb has to a limb. And just as you would not be able to say, ‘Whence have I familiarity and nearness to him?’ for that is ridiculous; so also you will not be able to say this about your brother. For if he is neither a kinsman nor a friend, yet he is a human being, sharing in the same with you

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Eclogae ex diversis homiliis

ΤΟΥ ΕΝ ΑΓΙΟΙΣ ΠΑΤΡΟΣ ΗΜΩΝ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ, ΑΡΧΙΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΥ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥΠΟΛΕΩΣ, ΤΟΥ ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ, ΕΚΛΟΓΑΙ ΑΠΟ

∆ΙΑΦΟΡΩΝ ΛΟΓΩΝ.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Αʹ. Περὶ ἀγάπης.

Βουλόμενος ὁ φιλάνθρωπος Θεὸς ἡμῶν συνδῆσαι πάντας ἀλλήλοις, ἀγαπητοὶ, τοιαύτην τοῖς πράγμασιν ἐνέθηκεν ἀνάγκην, ὡς ἐν τῷ τοῦ πλησίον συμφέροντι τὸ τοῦ ἑτέρου δεδέσθαι. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ γεωργὸς οὐ τοσοῦτον σπείρει σῖτον, ὅσον ἀρκέσαι ἑαυτῷ, ἐπεὶ πάλαι καὶ ἑαυτὸν καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἀπώλεσεν ἄν· καὶ ὁ στρατιώτης οὐχ ἵνα ἑαυτὸν διασώσῃ, παρατάττεται πρὸς κινδύνους, ἀλλ' ἵνα καὶ τὰς πόλεις ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ καταστήσῃ· καὶ ὁ ἔμπορος οὐ τοσαῦτα κομίζει ὅσα αὐτῷ μόνῳ ἀρκέσαι, ἀλλ' ὅσα καὶ ἑτέροις πολλοῖς. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἑτέρως οὐκ ἠνείχοντο ἄνθρωποι τὰ τοῦ πλησίον ζητεῖν, εἰ μὴ εἰς ταύτην καταστήσειεν τὴν ἀνάγκην, διὰ τοῦτο οὕτως αὐτὰ συνέζευξεν ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ οὐκ ἀφίησι πρότερον ἐπὶ τὸ οἰκεῖον συμφέρον ἐλθεῖν μὴ διὰ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων συμφερόντων ὁδεύσαντας. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἔνι σωθῆναι μὴ τοῦτο ἔχοντα· ἀλλὰ, κἂν τὴν ἄκραν φιλοσοφίαν ἀσκῇς, τῶν δὲ λοιπῶν ἀπολλυμένων ἀμελῇς, οὐδεμίαν κτήσῃ παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ παῤῥησίαν. Ἐὰν γὰρ ψωμίσω τὰ ὑπάρχοντά μου, φησὶν ὁ θεῖος Ἀπόστολος, καὶ παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου ἵνα καυθῇ, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐδὲν ὠφελοῦμαι. Εἰ δὲ βούλει μαθεῖν ἡλίκον ὅπλον ἐστὶ τὸ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ἐπισπάσασθαι, κἂν ἄπιστοί τινες εἶεν, καὶ τὸ πρᾶον εἶναι 63.568 καὶ ἥμερον καὶ γλυκὺν παρεχόμενον τρόπον, ἄκουσον τί φησιν αὐτὸς οὗτος ὁ μακάριος Παῦλος, πρὸς δικαστὴν εἰσιὼν ἄπιστον, κριθησόμενος· Μακάριον ἡγοῦμαι ἐμαυτὸν, μέλλων ἐπὶ σοῦ κρίνεσθαι. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγεν οὐ κολακεύων αὐτὸν, ἄπαγε, ἀλλὰ διὰ τῆς ἡμερότητος κερδᾶναι βουλόμενος. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἐκ μέρους ἐκέρδανε, καὶ τὸν δικαστὴν εἷλεν ὁ τέως κατάδικος εἶναι νομιζόμενος, καὶ τὴν νίκην αὐτὸς ὁ χειρωθεὶς ὁμολογεῖ λαμπρᾷ τῇ φωνῇ παρόντων ἁπάντων, λέγων· Ἐν ὀλίγῳ με πείθεις, Χριστιανὸν γενέσθαι. Τί οὖν ὁ Παῦλος; Εὐξαίμην ἂν ἔγωγε μὴ μόνον σὲ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς παρόντας ἅπαντας τοῦτο γενέσθαι ὅπερ ἐγώ. Ὅταν οὖν ἐκεῖνος μὲν τοσοῦτον ἀπαιτῇ μέτρον, ἡμεῖς δὲ μηδὲ τὸ ἔλαττον παρέχωμεν, τίνος ἐσόμεθα συγγνώμης ἄξιοι; Καὶ μὴ τὸ δεῖσθαι ἑτέρου αἰσχρόν τι εἶναι νόμιζε· τῆς γὰρ ἀφάτου σοφίας τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦτο γέγονεν ἔργον. Εἰ γὰρ ἀλλήλων χρῄζομεν, καὶ οὐδὲ ἡ τῆς χρείας ἀνάγκη συνάγει εἰς φιλίαν ἡμᾶς· εἰ αὐτάρκεις ἧμεν, οὐκ ἂν ἦμεν θηρία ἀτίθασσα; Βίᾳ καὶ ἀνάγκῃ ἡμᾶς ὑπέταξεν ὁ Θεὸς ἀλλήλοις, καὶ καθ' ἑκάστην συγκρουόμεθα ἀλλήλοις ἡμέραν· εἰ τοῦτον περιεῖλε τὸν χαλινὸν, τίς ἂν ταχέως ἠράσθη τῆς τοῦ πλησίον φιλίας; ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦτο μίαν οἰκίαν ἡμῖν τὸν κόσμον ἔδω 63.569 κεν ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ ἕνα ἀνῆψε πᾶσι λύχνον, τὸν ἥλιον, καὶ ἕνα ἐξέτεινεν ὄροφον, τὸν οὐρανὸν, καὶ μίαν ἀνῆκε τράπεζαν, τὴν γῆν. Καὶ οὐ τῷ μὲν πλουτοῦντι πλέον καὶ τιμιώτερον, τῷ πένητι δὲ εὐτελέστερον καὶ ἔλαττον ἐχαρίσατο, ἵνα πολλὴν καὶ ἀδιάσπαστον τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἕνωσιν ἔχωμεν, καὶ μή τις ἔχῃ λέγειν, Ὁ δεῖνά μοι φίλος οὐκ ἔστιν, οὐδὲ συγγενὴς, οὐδὲ γείτων, οὐδὲ ἔχω τι κοινὸν πρὸς αὐτόν· πῶς προσελεύσομαι, πῶς διαλέξομαι; Οὐδὲ ὅσην φίλους πρὸς φίλους ἐπιδείκνυσθαι χρὴ τὴν ἐγγύτητα, τοσαύτην ἡμᾶς ἔχειν δεῖ τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους οἰκείωσιν, ἀλλ' ὅσην μέλος πρὸς μέλος. Καὶ ὥσπερ οὐκ ἂν δύναιο λέγειν· Πόθεν μοι οἰκειότης καὶ ἐγγύτης πρὸς αὐτόν; καταγέλαστον γὰρ τοῦτο· οὕτως οὐδὲ περὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ δυνήσῃ τοῦτο εἰπεῖν. Εἰ γὰρ μηδὲ συγγενὴς μηδὲ φίλος ἐστὶν, ἀλλ' ἄνθρωπός ἐστι, τῆς αὐτῆς σοι μετέχων