1

In epistulam ii ad Timotheum (homiliae 1-10)

OF OUR FATHER AMONG THE SAINTS JOHN, ARCHBISHOP OF CONSTANTINOPLE, CHRYSOSTOM, COMMENTARY ON THE SECOND EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY.

HOMILY I. Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, according to the promise of life which is in Christ Jesus, to Timothy, my dearly beloved son: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. Why does he also send a second epistle 62.600 to Timothy? He had said, "I hope to come unto you shortly"; this did not happen; he comforts him by letters instead of his presence, since he was perhaps afflicted both on this account, and because he had already then entered upon his office. For even if they are great men, when they have taken up 62.601 the rudders and the governance of the Church, they feel strange, being overwhelmed from many quarters by many waves of affairs, and especially at that time, when it was the beginning of the preaching, when all things were unplowed, when all things were hostile, when all things were opposed. And not only this, but there were also heresies starting from Jewish teachers, which he also mentioned in the first epistle. And he not only comforts him by letter, but also calls him to himself; for "Do your diligence," he says, "to come shortly to me"; and, "When you come, bring the books, but especially the parchments." And this epistle seems to me to be near the end; for "I am now ready," he says, "to be offered"; and again, "At my first answer no man stood with me." Setting all these things straight, he also makes his encouragement from his own trials, and says: Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, according to the promise of life which is in Christ Jesus. Straightway from the preface he raised his soul. "Tell me not of the dangers here," he says; "these bring forth for us the eternal life, where there is nothing of the sort, where sorrow, grief, and sighing have fled away." "For He did not make us apostles for this reason, that we should only be in peril," he says, "but that we should also die, that we should suffer such things." For since to relate one's own evils was not only no comfort, but even an addition of grief, he immediately from the beginning offers consolation. "According to the promise," he says, "of life which is in Christ Jesus." But if it is a promise, seek it not here; "for hope that is seen is not hope." To Timothy, my dearly beloved son. Not simply, "Son," but, "Beloved." For there can be sons who are not beloved; "but you are not such," he says, "nor do I call you simply son, but beloved son." Since he also calls the Galatians children, but yet he also grieves for them, saying, "My little children, of whom I travail in birth again." But especially does he testify to his great virtue by calling him beloved. How? For when love is not from nature, it is from virtue. For those born of us are beloved by us not only because of virtue, but also because of the necessity of nature; but when those according to faith are beloved, it is for no other reason than virtue; for from where else? and especially from Paul, who does nothing according to partiality. In another way also, by saying, "to my beloved son," he shows that it was not from being angry with him, not from despising him, not from having condemned him, that he did not come. Grace, mercy, and peace, from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. The same things as before, these he also now prays for him. And see how immediately in the preface towards

1

In epistulam ii ad Timotheum (homiliae 1-10)

ΤΟΥ ΕΝ ΑΓΙΟΙΣ ΠΑΤΡΟΣ ΗΜΩΝ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ ΑΡΧΙΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΥ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥΠΟΛΕΩΣ ΤΟΥ ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ ΥΠΟΜΝΗΜΑ ΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΣ

ΤΙΜΟΘΕΟΝ ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗΝ ∆ΕΥΤΕΡΑΝ.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Αʹ. Παῦλος ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ διὰ θε λήματος Θεοῦ, κατ' ἐπαγγελίαν ζωῆς τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, Τιμοθέῳ ἀγαπητῷ τέκνῳ χά ρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ Χρι στοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν. Τί δήποτε καὶ δευτέραν ἐπιστέλλει τῷ Τιμοθέῳ 62.600 ἐπιστολήν; Εἶπεν, Ἐλπίζω ἐλθεῖν πρὸς σὲ τάχιον· οὐκ ἐξεγένετο τοῦτο· παραμυθεῖται αὐτὸν διὰ γραμμάτων ἀντὶ τῆς παρουσίας, ἴσως τεθλιμμένον καὶ διὰ τοῦτο, καὶ διὰ τὸ ἀρχῆς ἤδη ἧφθαι τότε. Κἂν γὰρ μεγάλοι τινὲς ἄνδρες ὦσιν, ὅταν ἀναδέξωνται 62.601 τοὺς οἴακας καὶ τὴν κυβέρνησιν τῆς Ἐκκλησίας, ξενοπαθοῦσι, πολλοῖς πολλαχόθεν βαπτιζόμενοι πραγμάτων κύμασι, καὶ μάλιστα τότε, ὅτε ἡ ἀρχὴ τοῦ κηρύγματος ἦν, ὅτε πάντα ἀνήροτα, ὅτε πάντα ἐχθρὰ, ὅτε πάντα προσίστατο. Καὶ οὐ τοῦτο μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ αἱρέσεις ἦσαν ἐξ Ἰουδαϊκῶν διδασκάλων ἀρχόμεναι, ἅπερ καὶ ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ ἐνέφηνεν ἐπιστολῇ. Οὐ διὰ γραμμάτων δὲ αὐτὸν παραμυθεῖται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ καλεῖ πρὸς ἑαυτόν· Σπούδασον γὰρ ἐλθεῖν πρός με ταχέως, φησί· καὶ, Ἐρχόμενος φέρε τὰ βιβλία, μάλιστα τὰς μεμβράνας. ∆οκεῖ δέ μοι πρὸς τῷ τέλει εἶναι αὕτη ἡ ἐπιστολή· Ἐγὼ γὰρ ἤδη, φησὶ, σπένδομαι· καὶ πάλιν, Ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ μου ἀπολογίᾳ οὐδείς μοι συμπαρεγένετο. Ταῦτα δὴ πάντα διορθούμενος, καὶ τὴν παράκλησιν ποιεῖται ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκείων πειρασμῶν, καί φησι· Παῦλος ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ διὰ θελήματος Θεοῦ, κατ' ἐπαγγελίαν ζωῆς τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ. Εὐθέως ἀνέστησεν αὐτοῦ τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ προοιμίου. Μή μοι τοὺς ἐνταῦθα κινδύνους εἴπῃς, φησίν· οὗτοι τίκτουσιν ἡμῖν τὴν αἰώνιον ζωὴν, ἔνθα τοιοῦτον οὐδέν ἐστιν, ἔνθα ἀπέδρα ὀδύνη, λύπη καὶ στεναγμός. Οὐ γὰρ διὰ τοῦτο ἀποστόλους ἡμᾶς ἐποίησεν, ἵνα κινδυνεύσωμεν μόνον, φησὶν, ἀλλ' ἵνα καὶ ἀποθνήσκωμεν, ἵνα τοιαῦτα πάσχωμεν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὸ τὰ οἰκεῖα διελθεῖν κακὰ οὐχὶ παράκλησις μόνον οὐκ ἦν, ἀλλὰ καὶ προσθήκη λύπης, εὐθέως ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς ποιεῖται τὴν παραμυθίαν. Κατ' ἐπαγγελίαν, λέγων, ζωῆς τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησῷ. Εἰ δὲ ἐπαγγελία ἐστὶ, μὴ ζήτει αὐτὴν ἐνταῦθα· Ἐλπὶς γὰρ βλεπομένη, οὐκ ἔστιν ἐλπίς. Τιμοθέῳ ἀγαπητῷ τέκνῳ. Οὐχὶ ἁπλῶς, Τέκνῳ, ἀλλὰ, Ἀγαπητῷ. Ἔστι γὰρ εἶναι καὶ τέκνα μὴ ἀγαπώμενα· ἀλλ' οὐ σὺ τοιοῦτος, φησὶν, οὐδὲ τέκνον σε καλῶ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλὰ τέκνον ἀγαπητόν. Ἐπειδὴ καὶ Γαλάτας τέκνα καλεῖ, ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ ἀλγεῖ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν, Τεκνία μου, λέγων, οὓς πάλιν ὠδίνω. Μάλιστα δὲ πολλὴν αὐτῷ μαρτυρεῖ τὴν ἀρετὴν, ἀγαπητὸν καλῶν. Πῶς; Ὅταν γὰρ μὴ ἐκ φύσεως ᾖ ἡ ἀγάπη, ἀπὸ ἀρετῆς ἐστιν. Οἱ γοῦν ἐξ ἡμῶν τεχθέντες, οὐ δι' ἀρετὴν μόνον ἡμῖν εἰσιν ἀγαπητοὶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τὴν τῆς φύσεως ἀνάγκην· οἱ δὲ κατὰ πίστιν ὅταν ὦσιν ἀγαπητοὶ, δι' οὐδὲν ἕτερόν εἰσιν, ἀλλ' ἢ δι' ἀρετήν· ἐπεὶ πόθεν ἄλλοθεν; καὶ μάλιστα παρὰ Παύλῳ τῷ οὐδὲν ποιοῦντι κατὰ πρόσκλισιν. Ἄλλως δὲ δείκνυσι διὰ τοῦ εἰπεῖν, Τέκνῳ ἀγαπητῷ, ὅτι οὐκ ὀργιζόμενος πρὸς αὐτὸν, οὐχὶ καταφρονῶν αὐτοῦ, οὐχὶ κατεγνωκὼς αὐτοῦ, οὐ παρεγένετο. Χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν. Ἅπερ καὶ πρότερον, ταῦτα αὐτῷ καὶ νῦν ἐπεύχεται. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς εὐθέως ἐν τῷ προοιμίῳ πρὸς