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De sacris jejuniis

OF JOHN, PRESBYTER OF DAMASCUS, CONCERNING THE HOLY FASTS.

To the blessed and genuine servant of Christ, lord Cometas, a spiritual brother, John the least. Although many and countless gifts have been given by God to men 95.65, the gift of prudence has been established as exceptional and first. For it is the discernment of both good and evil; and he who has best distinguished, has also best chosen what is advantageous, having reason as the charioteer of his subjects. Of this prudence, a mature offspring is that saying of Solomon, "To every thing there is a season;" the saying indicating this, that the whole is good; for evil is not in things that are, but rather the flight from and negation of the good. When, therefore, each thing may be judged good; I mean, indeed, by right reason; for what is badly judged is rather a lack of judgment than a judgment; there is a time to be silent, when this is good; and a time to speak, when one is asked. For to speak before being asked, and to go before being sent, is folly for the one speaking and walking. But the circumstance of affairs is when there is a necessity to speak, and not to speak is not without danger. But there are times when what is fitting must be preferred to what seems good. For me, therefore, every time is a time for silence; for I am deprived of speaking on behalf of my own inattentiveness, and otherwise, in the presence of the wise and lofty in thought, for whom virtue has justly procured the right to rule, how could one who is poor in virtue speak? Having these things in mind, I would have been silent even now, if the reverence of your, O most beloved, God-guarded renown had not compelled me to write. For seeing the great urgency of our esteemed letters, I judged that you would not otherwise and in vain urge us to speak, unless some necessity pressed towards this. I write, therefore, compelled by your virtue and friendship, and may everyone who knows the power of those who compel forgive me; and I write setting forth nothing before the truth, as far as possible, which must be preferred to all things, and to life itself, with which to live is desirable, and for whose sake death is more desirable than life. 2. Your all-honorable virtue has written, that some have spread a rumor that we have said that the weeks of the fasts are eight; and has urged me to write if this is the state of affairs; to this we say, that nothing is higher than the peace of the church, for which are the Law and the Prophets, for which God became man; this is indeed the great and truly unsearchable mystery; which Christ came to proclaim as good news; which Christ himself bestowed as a gift to his own disciples before the passion, and after the resurrection from the passion; which also, ascending into heaven with his flesh, whence he had come down without flesh, he left behind as an inheritance to the apostles, and through them to the Church. For peace is harmony in what is good. For that which is in harmony 95.68 for evil, will be said to be in sedition rather than at peace; and so for me, the least, the principal aim was to award the prize to the things of peace, and whatever contributes to this, to tell those who ask with as much ability as I have. 3. Having therefore seen the strife concerning the holy fasts reaching a climax up to the air, I grievously lamented and was distressed, because even through what is good, sin works death in me. For what is the benefit of the fast, to those who fast for strife and battles? Therefore, to those saying the weeks of the holy fasts are seven, I advised not to contend, and cause sedition in the beautiful body of Christ, that is, the

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De sacris jejuniis

ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΥ ∆ΑΜΑΣΚΗΝΟΥ ΠΕΡΙ ΤΩΝ ΑΓΙΩΝ ΝΗΣΤΕΙΩΝ.

Τῷ εὐλογημένῳ καὶ γνησίῳ δούλῳ Χριστοῦ, κυρίῳ Κομητᾴ, πνευματικῷ ἀδελφῷ, Ἰωάννης ἐλάχιστος. Πολλῶν καὶ ἀπείρων δωρεὼν παρὰ Θεοῦ τοῖς ἀν 95.65 θρώποις δεδωρημένων, ἐξαίρετον καὶ πρῶτον τὸ τῆς φρονήσεως δῶρον καθέστηκεν. ∆ιάκρισις γάρ ἐστιν ἀγαθοῦ τε καὶ κακοῦ· ὁ δὲ ἄριστα διελὼν, ἄριστα καὶ τὸ συμφέρον ἐξελέξατο, τὸν λόγον ἔχων τῶν αὐτῷ κατηκόων ἡνίοχον. Ταύτης ἐστὶ τῆς φρονήσεως τόκος ὥριμος τὸ Σολομώντειον ἐκεῖνο ῥητὸν, «Καιρὸς τῷ παντὶ πράγματι·» τοῦτο δηλοῦντος τοῦ λόγου, ὅτι τὸ πᾶν ἐστι τὸ ἀγαθόν· οὐκ ἐν τοῖς οὖσι γὰρ τὸ κακὸν, φυγὴ δὲ μᾶλλον τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ καὶ ἀναίρεσις. Ὅτε τοίνυν ἕκαστον καλὸν κριθείη· φημὶ δὴ ὀρθῷ λόγῳ· ἀκρισία γὰρ μᾶλλον, ἤπερ κρίσις, τὸ κακῶς κεκριμένον· καιρὸς τοῦ σιωπᾷν, ὅτε τοῦτο καλόν· καὶ καιρὸς τοῦ λαλεῖν, ὅταν ἐρωτῷτό τις. Πρὶν γὰρ ἐρωτηθῆναι λαλῆσαι, καὶ πρὶν ἀποσταλῆναι πορευθῆναι, μωρία τῷ λαλοῦντι καὶ βαίνοντι. Ἡ δὲ τῶν πραγμάτων περίστασις, ὅταν ἀνάγκη λαλεῖν, καὶ τὸ μὴ λαλεῖν οὐκ ἀκίνδυνον. Ἔστι δ' ὅτε καὶ τὸ πρέπον τοῦ δοκοῦντος καλοῦ προτιμητέον. Ἐμοὶ μὲν οὖν πᾶς καιρὸς τοῦ σιωπᾷν· τὸ γὰρ λαλεῖν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ ἀπροσεξίας ἀφῄρημαι, καὶ ἄλλως κατὰ πρόσωπον σοφῶν καὶ ὑψηλῶν τὴν διάνοιαν, οἷς ἡ ἀρετὴ τὸ ἄρχειν ἐνδίκως περιεποιήσατο, πῶς ὁ πένης τὴν ἀρετὴν φθέγγοιτο; Ταῦτα κατὰ νοῦν ἔχων, καὶ νῦν ἂν ἐσιώπησα, εἰ μὴ τὸ αἰδέσιμον τῆς σῆς, ὦ προσφιλέστατε, θεοφρουρήτου εὐκλείας πρὸς τὸ γράφειν ἐξεβιάσατο. Πολλὴν γὰρ τὴν τῶν τιμίων ἡμῶν γραμμάτων ἔπειξιν ἰδὼν, ἔκρινα μὴ ἄλλως καὶ μάτην ὑμᾶς πρὸς τὸ λέγειν προτρέπεσθαι, εἰ μή τις ἀνάγκη πρὸς τοῦτο κατήπειγε. Γράφω τοίνυν τῇ ἀρετῇ καὶ φιλίᾳ σου βιασθεὶς, καί μοι συγγνώτω πᾶς ὅστις οἶδε τῶν βιασαμένων τὸ ἰσχυρόν· γράφω δὲ μηδὲν τῆς ἀληθείας, ὡς οἷόν τε προτιθεὶς, ἣν ἁπάντων προτιμητέον, καὶ τοῦ ζῇν, μεθ' ἧς τὸ ζῇν αἱρετὸν, καὶ δι' ἣν θάνατος τοῦ ζῇν αἱρετώτερος. βʹ. Γεγράφηκεν ἡ ὑμετέρα πάντιμος ἀρετὴ, ὥς τινες διεφήμισαν ἡμᾶς εἰρηκέναι ὀκτὼ τὰς τῶν νηστειῶν ἑβδομάδας ὑπάρχειν· προὐτρέψατό τε γράφειν, εἰ οὕτως ἔχοι τὰ πράγματα· πρὸς τοῦτό φαμεν, ὅτι τῆς ἐκκλησιαστικῆς εἰρήνης οὐδὲν ὑψηλότερον, δι' ἣν νόμος καὶ προφῆται, δι' ἣν Θεὸς ἄνθρωπος γέγονε· τοῦτο δὴ τὸ μέγα καὶ ἀνεξιχνίαστον ὄντως μυστήριον· ἣν ἦλθε Χριστὸς εὐαγγελίσασθαι· ἣν αὐτὸς Χριστὸς τοῖς οἰκείοις μαθηταῖς πρὸ τοῦ πάθους, καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἐκ τοῦ πάθους ἀνάστασιν ἐδωρήσατο· ἣν καὶ εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἀνιὼν μετὰ τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ, ὅθεν κατεληλύθει ἄσαρκος, ὡς κλῆρον τοῖς ἀποστόλοις, καὶ δι' αὐτῶν τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ κατέλιπεν. Εἰρήνη δέ ἐστιν ἡ ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ συμφωνία. Τὸ γὰρ κακῶς συμ 95.68 φωνοῦν, στασιάζειν μᾶλλον ἢ εἰρηνεύειν λεχθήσεται· κἀμοὶ τοίνυν τῷ ἐλαχίστῳ σκοπὸς ἦν προηγουμένως τὰ τῆς εἰρήνης βραβεύειν, καὶ ὅσα πρὸς τοῦτο φέρει, τοῖς ἐρωτῶσι λέγειν ὅση δύναμις. γʹ. Ἑωρακὼς τοιγαροῦν τὴν περὶ τῶν ἁγίων νηστειῶν στάσιν μέχρις ἀέρος κορυφωθεῖσαν, δεινῶς ἐποτνιώμην καὶ ἠνιώμην, ὅτι καὶ διὰ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ μοι ἡ ἁμαρτία τὸν θάνατον κατεργάζεται. Τί γὰρ ὄφελος τῆς νηστείας, τοῖς εἰς ἔριδας καὶ μάχας νηστεύουσι; διὸ τοῖς μὲν ἑπτὰ τὰς τῶν ἁγίων νηστειῶν ἑβδομάδας λέγουσι συνεβούλευον μὴ ζυγομαχεῖν, καὶ στασιάζειν τὸ καλὸν σῶμα Χριστοῦ, τουτέστιν τὴν