Cesti (fragmenta) Index These things are in the <ζʹ> of Africanus' Cesti: 1. Concerning arming. -2. Concerning the destruction of enemies. -3. Agonist

 varied, having prepared their armament in common both against barbarians and against themselves a sign is <that> the faces of the combatants were fre

 Some anoint their arrows with poisons, so that every wound becomes fatal others place their strength in forests. Some, when fleeing, first destroy th

 fortified with food. These things do not bring a one-day death, nor do they immediately destroy the one who has used them, with the art of pestilence

 destruction, to avoid the plague I have anticipated the cure by setting it forth in the parchments before this. Themistocles, while commanding the nav

 Let the children of physicians heal a wound, with the one who is sick readily offering himself to their touch. 1.6 Taming of a horse Just as among men

 only believe him who says, they also see demons, and I know of many who have neighed at crossroads and have fallen and proclaimed the threat with the

 When the horses receive the smell of the evil thing, they go mad and snort fiercely and rear up in haste, as if fearing the exhalation from the ground

 and taking a very small amount of oil, then after moderately crushing it somewhat, pour the complete mixture through a horn into the left nostril of p

 the sides of the triangle are bisected.” For let ABΓ be a right-angled triangle, having the angle at B right. And let AB be bisected at Δ. And let ΔE

 lightest air, and they also abstain from everything hot and from salts, as these are causes of dull vision. So that they are never caught sleeping and

 you happen to be winged, I too get ahead of you with another wing. Thus are the nuptials of Pasithea to Hypnos. Eros indeed keeps watch the theft of

 to himself. And from this, a twofold advantage: for either in his pain he kills his own, consoling an incurable pain, or being unable to stand, he fal

 pinecones, about ten per chous of water having thrown these into the liquid, boil it just enough to warm it let the vessel be lacking 2 kotylai whi

 to shoot a third in succession and the others likewise, with the second always pausing the shot just long enough for the first's arrow to reach the ta

 Anoint with oil in which leeches have likewise been boiled down. <Πίναξ> '1 How one might, through wine, cause those who have drunk it to sleep for th

 This should be done from the beginning of spring until the end of autumn. And again, wormwood wine is drunk for the same purpose, not only before food

 for an elephantiasic horse of Africanus The liver of a land hedgehog, dried in the sun, heals elephantiasic horses. 3.2 Of Africanus for the eyes Th

 a dog's afterbirth, treated with myrrh and properly purified and tied on, becomes a cause of conception. So that the animal may conceive what you wish

 of figs and warts and acrochordons Warts are outgrowths of bodies resembling rough nails and they occur on many people in many places. They call the

 of coriander. And dung also works, when smeared with the juice of a fig tree with mulberry leaves or calamint or lentil smeared with oil. And the roo

 wounds. 3.33 Of Africanus: To prevent cattle from being harmed by a toad that lurks by night or in a dark place, by it puffing on them The toad is acc

 of equal weight to the Italian one which is called a “denarius,” for as a rule many now use the Italian weights. The Attic mina has 25 staters the It

 and tender maidens with the flower of new-grieved hearts and many wounded by bronze-tipped spears, men slain in battle, wearing blood-stained armor

 Put in 1 chous of bran, 4 choes of seaweed, having boiled it, put in the wool and leave it until late, and having taken it out, rinse it with sea-wate

 with slippings of veins, and something else that shines by night. It both kindles and extinguishes loves. And it blackens white hair, and whitens blac

Cesti (fragmenta) Index These things are in the <ζʹ> of Africanus' Cesti: 1. Concerning arming. -2. Concerning the destruction of enemies. -3. Agonistic. -4. For the incision of one who has been struck. -5. For a wound from iron. - Taming of a horse. -7. For a horse not to neigh. -8. For a cataract in horses. -9. For a horse not to be frightened. -10. Concerning the speed of horses. -11. Taraxippus (horse-disturber). -12. For the destruction of draft animals. -13. For a kicking mule. -14. Military hunting. -15. To find the width of a river and the height of a wall. -16. Theft of sound. -17. A means of staying awake. - 18. For fighting elephants. -19. Paradoxes of agriculture. -20. A concluding remark concerning an arrow. <Προοίμιον> According to reason or law or fate or chance are the outcomes of things, their productions and destructions, their alterations and cure<α>; it is good to know each of these things, having gathered from all of them a varied and fruitful benefit, a cure for sufferings or a secret history or beauty of speech; which, both in the preceding and in the following, as I at least think, has been accomplished according to my own modest ability. Concerning arming It is good among all things also to know war. For I have often wondered at the cause of the differing turn of fortune in armed contests and from these, on the one hand, Romans over Greeks, and Greeks over the Persians, but that Persians have not yet been conquered by the Romans, but are emboldened to freedom and lay violent claim to equality with us, as the nations of upper Asia say. And giving the matter thought, I found it was not an advantage in stratagems nor overall military strength (for among good men in war there is not one consideration of numbers), but the preparation of their arms and the type of their martial dress. For the Greeks, on the one hand, delight in heavy panoply: their helmet is double, a scale-cuirass, a concave bronze-covered shield held by two grips, of which one around the forearm is sufficient for thrusting, the other held by the fingertips, two greaves, a javelin in hand, and a close-combat spear equal to those of the royal cavalry, and a broad sword, not long. With this armament, running is rare; not for a long distance, but sharp, and just so far as would allow one hastening to get inside missile-range first. And they knew how to lock shields, and each of them fought on his own, so that the soldier's valor was twofold, both in common and alone. Therefore they used to cut down the barbarians in this manner: having rested themselves often on the march, so that their zeal was not blunted by the length of the road, they remained fresh in this manner until the dangers; and using a sharp burst of speed to get inside missile range, they set to work, as the arrows flew a greater distance over them, since they had run under their reach, while the enemy did not withstand the charge of such a shielded formation, because their infantry was lightly armed; for the power of a missile is distance, but at close quarters, safety in battle is achieved by panoply. Therefore, to suffer nothing from afar, the cuirass is stronger than any missile due to the overlapping of its scales for remaining unwounded, and the helmet on the head, <ἔχων> a cap and another covering of bronze and another helmet over another, is effective against projectiles from a sling, with the outer scale being dented and yielding, so that what was sent does not reach the inner covering of the head. But the face is bare and the neck is free, allowing unhindered observation in all directions. And with their spears, some check the lancers of the cavalry, stabbing them before they charge in, while others, having formed their phalanxes more openly and having parted, reach the barbarians [where it is necessary to strew hellebore]. Moreover, they use both peltasts and slingers without danger, being protected in front by the wall of shields. And indeed the short swords are useful for ease and vehemence of striking. But the succeeding Macedonians modified a few of these things, on account of the wars

Cesti (fragmenta) Πίναξ Τάδε ἔνεστιν ἐν τῷ <ζʹ> τῶν Ἀφρικανοῦ Κεστῶν· αʹ Περὶ ὁπλίσεως. -βʹ Περὶ πολεμίων φθορᾶς. -γʹ Ἀγωνιστικόν. -δʹ Πρὸς τομὴν πληγέντος. -εʹ Πρὸς τὴν ἀπὸ σιδήρου πληγήν. -ʹ Ἵππου τιθασία. -ζʹ Μὴ χρεμετίσαι ἵππον. -ηʹ Πρὸς ἵππων ὑπόχυσιν. -θʹ Ἵππον μὴ πτοεῖσθαι. -ιʹ Περὶ ἵππων τάχους. -ιαʹ Ταράξιππον. -ιβʹ Πρὸς ὑποζυγίων φθοράν. -ιγʹ Πρὸς ἡμίονον λακτίζουσαν. -ιδʹ Θήρα στρατιωτική. -ιεʹ Ποταμοῦ πλάτος εὑρεῖν καὶ τείχους <ὕψος>. -ιʹ Ἤχου κλοπή. -ιζʹ Ἀγρυπνητικόν. - ιηʹ Πρὸς ἐλεφάντων μάχην. -ιθʹ Γεωργίας παράδοξα. -κʹ Ἐπισφράγισμα περὶ βέλους. <Προοίμιον> Κατὰ λόγον ἢ νόμον ἢ εἱμαρμένην ἢ τύχην αἱ τῶν πραγμάτων ἐκβάσεις, ἐπιγοναὶ καὶ φθοραί, ἀλλοιώσεις καὶ ἰάματ<α>· ὧν ἕκαστον καλὸν εἰδέναι, συναγαγόντας ἐκ πάντων ὠφέλειαν ποικίλην καρπουμένην, θεραπείαν παθῶν ἢ ἱστορίαν ἀπόρρητον ἢ λόγου κάλλος· ἅπερ ἔν τε τοῖς φθάνουσι καὶ τοῖς ἑπομένοις, ὥς γε οἶμαι, κατὰ τὸ ἐμαυτοῦ μέτριον κατώρθωται. Περὶ ὁπλίσεωσ Καλὸν δὲ ἐν πᾶσι καὶ πόλεμον εἰδέναι. Πολλάκις γὰρ καὶ ἐθαύμασα τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς διαφόρου τῶν ἐνοπλίων ἀγώνων ῥοπῆς καὶ ἐκ τούτων μὲν Ῥωμαίων Ἕλληνας, Ἑλλήνων δὲ τοὺς Πέρσας, μηδέπω δὲ ὑπὸῬωμαίων Πέρσας νενικῆσθαι, ἀλλ' εἰς ἐλευθερίαν θρασύνεσθαι καὶ τὴν ἰσοτιμίαν βιάζεσθαι πρὸς ἡμᾶς λέγειν τὰ ἄνω τῆς Ἀσίας ἔθνη. Λογισμὸν δὲ ἐμαυτῷ διδούς, εὗρον οὐ πλεονεξίαν στρατηγημάτων οὐδὲ στρατιωτικὴν τὸ σύνολον ἰσχὺν (πλήθους γὰρ ἐν πολέμῳ παρὰ τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς λόγος οὐδὲ εἷς), ἀλλὰ τὴν παρασκευὴν τῶν ὅπλων καὶ τὸ εἶδος τῆς ἐνυαλίου στολῆς. Ἕλληνες μὲν γὰρ χαίρουσι βαρείᾳ πανοπλίᾳ· πῖλος ἐκείνοις διπλοῦς, θώραξ λεπιδωτός, ἀσπὶς ἐπίχαλκος κοίλη, ὀχάνοις δύο κρατουμένη, ὧν τὸ μὲν περὶ τῷ πήχει εἰς ὠθισμὸν ἀρκοῦν, τὸ δὲ ἄκρᾳ χειρὶ κρατούμενον, κνημίδες δύο, ἀκόντιον μετὰ χεῖρας, καὶ ἀγχέμαχον δόρυ τοῖς τῶν ἱππέων τῶν βασιλικῶν ἴσον, καὶ πλατὺ ξίφος οὐ μακρόν. Σπάνιος τῇ ὁπλίσει ταύτῃ δρόμος, οὐ πολὺς μέν, ὀξὺς δὲ καὶ τοσοῦτος ὅσος ἂν γένοιτο τοῦ σπεύδοντος ἐντὸς βέλους γενέσθαι φθάσαι. Συνασπίζειν τε ᾔδεσαν καὶ ἕκαστος αὐτῶν καθ' αὑτὸν ἐμάχετο, ὡς <εἶναι> τὴν ἀρετὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου διπλῆν καὶ κοινῇ καὶ μόνου. Κατέκοπτον οὖν τοὺς βαρβάρους τρόπῳ τῷδε· πολλὰ ἐν τῇ πορείᾳ διαναπαύσαντες αὑτούς, ὡς μὴ ἀμβλύνεσθαι τὴν σπουδὴν τῷ μήκει τῆς ὁδοῦ, ἀκμῆτες τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον μέχρι τῶν κινδύνων ἔμενον· ὀξεῖ δὲ χρησάμενοι τάχει, πρὸς τὸ ἐντὸς βελῶν γενέσθαι, εἶχον ἔργου, φερομένων ὑπὲρ αὐτοὺς μακρότερον τῶν βελῶν, ὑποδραμόντων αὐτῶν τὴν ἔφιξιν, τῶν δὲ οὐχ ὑπομενόντων, διὰ τὸ γυμνητεύειν τῶν πεζῶν, τῆς τοιαύτης φράξεως τὴν ἐμβολήν· δύναμις γὰρ βέλους μῆκος, ἐν δὲ τῷ πλησίον, πανοπλίᾳ ἀσφάλεια τῆς μάχης κατορθοῦται. Πρὸς μὲν οὖν τὸ ἕκαθεν μηδὲν παθεῖν, ὁ μὲν θώραξ παντὸς βέλους κρείττων τῇ τῶν λεπίδων ἐπιπτυχῇ πρὸς τὸ μεῖναι ἄτρωτον, ὅ τε πῖλος περὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ κυνῆν <ἔχων> ἑτέραν δὲ ἐπιθήκην χαλκοῦ καὶ ἄλλην ἐπὶ ἄλλῃ περικεφαλαίαν τυγχάνει πρὸς τὰ ἀπὸ σφενδόνης βλήματα, περιθλωμένης μὲν τῆς ἔξω λεπίδος καὶ συνεικούσης, ὡς μὴ ἐφικέσθαι τὸ πεμφθὲν τοῦ ἐνδοτέρω τῆς κεφαλῆς ἐπιβλήματος. Γυμνὸν δὲ τὸ πρόσωπον καὶ αὐχὴν ἐλεύθερος ἀκώλυτον τὴν πανταχοῦ περίσκεψιν χωρεῖ. Τοῖς τε δόρασιν οἳ μὲν τοὺς κοντοφόρους ἀναστέλλουσι τῶν ἱππέων προνύσσοντες πρὶν ἐμπεσεῖν, οἳ δὲ καὶ ἀραιοτέρας στησάμενοι τὰς φάλαγγας διαχωρήσαντες ἐφικνοῦνται τῶν βαρβάρων [ὅπη δεῖ ἐλλεβοροστρῶσαι]. Χρῶνταί γε μὴν καὶ πελτασταῖς καὶ σφενδονήταις ἀκινδύνως τῷ τείχει τῶν ὅπλων προπεφραγμένοις. Τά γε μὴν βραχεῖα ξίφη εὐχερείᾳ καὶ σφοδρότητι πληγῆς χρήσιμα. Ὀλίγα δὲ τούτων παρεποίησαν οἱ ἐπίγονοι Μακεδόνες, διὰ τὸ τῶν πολέμων