Letter to the Emperor Constantius

A LETTER OF CYRIL, BISHOP}1 OF JERUSALEM TO CONSTANTIUS THE EMPEROR CONCERNING THE SIGN THAT APPEARED IN HEAVEN To the most God-loving and most pious Emperor Constantius

Augustus, Cyril the bishop in Jerusalem, greetings in the Lord. 1 These first-fruits of letters I send from Jerusalem to your God-loving majesty, fitting for you to receive and for me to offer; not filled with words of flattery, but declarative of heavenly visions; nor containing well-composed rhetorical persuasions of words, but by the prophecies of the holy gospels, through the outcome of events, testifying to the truth. 2 For others often crown your precious head with what they have, bringing wreaths fastened with gold, adorned with the most brilliant stones. But we do not crown you with things from the earth (for gifts from the earth have the earth as their end); but we earnestly bring to the knowledge of your piety a divine working of heavenly things, accomplished in Jerusalem in the times of your God-loving reign; not so that you might now come from ignorance to the knowledge of God (for you anticipate even teaching others by your piety); but that you may be confirmed in those things which you knew, and having received the ancestral inheritance of the empire, learning that you have been honored with greater crowns from God, heavenly ones, you may now give fitting thanksgiving to God the King of all, and be filled with greater courage against enemies, having understood in deed that your reign is beloved by God, through the wonders he works in your time. 3 For in the time of the most God-loving and of blessed memory Constantine your father, the saving wood of the cross was found in Jerusalem, divine grace having granted its discovery to him who was piously seeking the hidden holy places. But in your time, O most all-pious master and emperor, who surpasses ancestral piety with a greater reverence toward the divine, the wonders are no longer from earth, but from heaven; and the trophy of victory over death of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, I mean the blessed cross, was seen in Jerusalem flashing with beams of light. 4 For during these holy days of the holy Pentecost, on the nones of May, about the third hour, a cross of immense size, made of light, appeared in heaven, stretched out above holy Golgotha as far as the holy Mount of Olives; not appearing to just one or two, but being shown most clearly to the whole multitude of the city; nor, as one might suppose, quickly passing by as an illusion, but seen for many hours above the earth with the eyes, and with its flashing beams overcoming the rays of the sun (for indeed it would have been overcome and hidden by them, had it not provided to the viewers splendors more powerful than the sun); so that the entire multitude of the city at once ran together into the holy church, seized with fear mingled with joy at the divine vision, young and old together, men and women, and of every age, even to the very maidens confined in their chambers, both natives and foreigners, Christians together with gentiles visiting from elsewhere; and all with one accord, as from one mouth, hymned Christ Jesus our Lord, the only-begotten Son of God, the worker of wonders, having received by deed and experience: that the all-pious dogma of Christians is not in persuasive words of wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power, not only proclaimed by men, but from

Epistula ad Constantium imperatorem

̓ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗ ΚΥΡΙΛΛΟΥ ἘΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΥ}1 ἹΕΡΟΣΟΛΥΜΩΝ ΠΡΟΣ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΟΝ ΤΟΝ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΑ ΠΕΡΙ ΤΟΥ ἘΝ ΟΥΡΑΝΩ ΦΑΝΕΝΤΟΣ ΣΗΜΕΙΟΥ Βασιλεῖ θεοφιλεστάτῳ καὶ εὐσεβεστάτῳ Κωνσταντίῳ

Αὐγούστῳ, Κύριλλος ὁ ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ἐπίσκοπος ἐν κυρίῳ χαίρειν. 1 Πρώτας ταύτας ἐξ Ἱεροσολύμων πρὸς τὴν θεοφιλῆ σου βασιλείαν ἀποστέλλω γραμμάτων ἀπαρχάς, σοί τε πρεπούσας ὑποδέξασθαι κἀμοὶ παρασχεῖν· οὐ λόγων κολακείας πεπληρωμένας, ἀλλ' ἐπουρανίων μηνυτικὰς θεοπτίας· οὐδ' εὐσυνθέτους λόγων ῥητορικὰς πιθανότητας περιεχούσας, ἀλλ' ἁγίων εὐαγγελίων προρρήσεσι διὰ τῆς τῶν πραγμάτων ἐκβάσεως μαρτυρούσας τὴν ἀλήθειαν. 2 Ἕτεροι μὲν γὰρ ἀφ' ὧν ἔχουσι τὴν τιμίαν σου πολλάκις στεφανοῦσι κεφαλήν, χρυσοκολλήτους στεφάνους λίθοις διαυγεστάτοις πεποικιλμένους προσκομίζοντες. Ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐ τοῖς ἀπὸ γῆς σε στεφανοῦμεν (τὰ γὰρ ἀπὸ γῆς δωρούμενα τέλος ἔχει τὴν γῆν)· ἀλλ' ἐπουρανίων πραγμάτων θεϊκὴν ἐνέργειαν ἐν τοῖς τῆς θεοφιλοῦς σου βασιλείας καιροῖς ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις τελεσθεῖσαν τῆς σῆς εὐσεβείας μετὰ σπουδῆς ἄγομεν εἰς γνῶσιν· οὐχ ἵνα νῦν ἐξ ἀγνοίας ἔλθῃς εἰς θεογνωσίαν (φθάνεις γὰρ καὶ ἑτέρους διδάσκων δι' ὧν εὐσεβεῖς· ἀλλ' ἵνα, ἅπερ ᾔδεις, ταῦτα καὶ βεβαιωθῇς, καὶ τὸν τῆς βασιλείας προγονικὸν ὑποδεξάμενος κλῆρον, μείζοσι θεόθεν στεφάνοις ἐπουρανίοις τετιμῆσθαι μαθών, θεῷ μὲν τῷ παμβασιλεῖ καὶ νῦν τὴν πρέπουσαν ἀποδῷς εὐχαριστίαν, μείζονος δὲ τοῦ κατ' ἐχθρῶν θάρσους πληρωθῇς, ἔργῳ τὴν σὴν βασιλείαν ἀγαπᾶσθαι πρὸς θεοῦ, δι' ὧν ἐπὶ σοῦ θαυματουργεῖ, καταλαβών. 3 Ἐπὶ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ θεοφιλεστάτου καὶ τῆς μακαρίας μνήμης Κωνσταντίνου τοῦ σοῦ πατρός, τὸ σωτήριον τοῦ σταυροῦ ξύλον ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ηὕρηται, τῆς θείας χάριτος τῷ καλῶς ζητοῦντι τὴν εὐσέβειαν τῶν ἀποκεκρυμμένων ἁγίων τόπων παρασχούσης τὴν εὕρεσιν. Ἐπὶ δὲ σοῦ, δέσποτα πανευσεβέστατε βασιλεῦ, προγονικὴν εὐσέβειαν μείζονι τῇ πρὸς τὸ θεῖον εὐλαβείᾳ νικῶντος, οὐκ ἀπὸ γῆς λοιπόν, ἀλλ' ἐξ οὐρανῶν τὰ θαυματουργήματα· καὶ τοῦ κυρίου καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ μονογενοῦς υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ, τὸ κατὰ τῆς τοῦ θανάτου νικῆς τρόπαιον, ὁ μακάριος λέγω σταυρός, φωτὸς μαρμαρυγαῖς ἀπαστράπτων ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ὤφθη. 4 Ἐν γὰρ ταῖς ἁγίαις ἡμέραις ταύταις τῆς ἁγίας πεντηκοστῆς, νόνναις μαΐαις, περὶ τρίτην ὥραν, παμμεγέθης ὁ σταυρός, ἐκ φωτὸς κατεσκευασμένος, ἐν οὐρανῷ, ὑπεράνω τοῦ ἁγίου Γολγοθᾶ μέχρι τοῦ ἁγίου Ὄρους τῶν ἐλαιῶν ἐκτεταμένος ἐφαίνετο· οὐχ ἑνὶ καὶ δευτέρῳ μόνον φανείς, ἀλλὰ παντὶ τῷ τῆς πόλεως πλήθει φανερώτατα δειχθείς· οὐδ' ὡς ἄν τις νομίσειεν ὀξέως κατὰ φαντασίαν παραδραμών, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ πλείοσιν ὥραις ὑπὲρ γῆν ὀφθαλμοφανῶς θεωρούμενος, καὶ ταῖς ἀπαστραπτούσαις μαρμαρυγαῖς τὰς ἡλιακὰς ἀκτῖνας νικήσας (ἦ γὰρ ἂν ὑπ' αὐτῶν νικώμενος ἐκαλύπτετο, εἰ μὴ δυνατωτέρας ἡλίου τοῖς ὁρῶσι παρεῖχε τὰς λαμπηδόνας)· ὡς ἅπαν μὲν ἀθρόως ἐξαυτῆς εἰς τὴν ἁγίαν ἐκκλησίαν συνδραμεῖν τῆς πόλεως τὸ πλῆθος, τῷ τῆς θεοπτίας φόβῳ μετ' εὐφροσύνης κατασχεθέν, νέων ἅμα καὶ πρεσβύτων ἀνδρῶν τε καὶ γυναικῶν, καὶ πάσης ἡλικίας καὶ μέχρις αὐτῶν ἤδη τῶν κατ' οἴκους θαλαμευομένων κορῶν, ἐντοπίων τε καὶ ξένων, χριστιανῶν τε ἅμα καὶ τῶν ἀλλαχόθεν ἐπιδημούντων ἐθνικῶν· ὁμοθυμαδὸν δὲ πάντων ὡς ἐξ ἑνὸς στόματος Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν τὸν κύριον ἡμῶν, τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ, τὸν θαυματοποιὸν ἀνυμνούντων, ἔργῳ τε καὶ πείρᾳ παραλαβόντων· ὅτι χριστιανῶν τὸ δόγμα τὸ πανευσεβὲς οὐκ ἐν πειθοῖς σοφίας ἐστι λόγοις, ἀλλ' ἐν ἀποδείξει πνεύματος καὶ δυνάμεως, οὐχ ὑπ' ἀνθρώπων μόνον καταγγελλόμενον, ἀλλ' ἐξ