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Alexias

PROLOGUE

p.1.1 Time, flowing irresistibly and ever in motion, sweeps away and carries off all things in its course and plunges them into a gulf of obscurity, sometimes matters of no account, and sometimes things great and worthy of remembrance, bringing to light the obscure, according to the tragic poet, and concealing what is manifest. But the narrative of history becomes a very strong bulwark against the stream of time and in a way it checks its irresistible flow, and holds together and binds all things that happen within it, whatever it has encompassed, and does not allow them to slip away into the depths of oblivion. p.1.2 Having recognized these things, I, Anna, daughter of the sovereigns Alexios and Irene, both nurtured and born in the purple, not unversed in letters, but having diligently studied Greek to the highest point and being not unpracticed in rhetoric and having read well the treatises of Aristotle and the dialogues of Plato, and having fortified my mind with the quadrivium of sciences (for I must declare these things, and it is not self-praise, what nature and my zeal for the sciences have given, and what God has bestowed from above and opportunity contributed) wish, through this my writing, to recount the deeds of my father, which are not worthy to be handed over to silence nor to be swept away by the stream of time as into a sea of forgetfulness; both those he accomplished after taking up the scepters, and those he performed before his diadem, while serving other emperors.

p.2.1 But I come to speak of these things not as making some display of my skill in composition, but so that a matter of such importance might not be left unwitnessed for those to come, since even the greatest of deeds, if they are not somehow preserved through narratives and handed down to memory, are extinguished in the darkness of silence. For my father was, as the facts themselves showed, one who knew how to rule and how to be subject, as far as necessary, to rulers. p.2.2 But having chosen to write of his deeds, I fear the lurking and underlying suspicion, lest someone might think that in writing of my father I am praising myself, and that the whole matter of the history might seem a falsehood and an outright encomium, if I should admire anything of his. But if he himself should bring it about and the matter should compel me, so as to criticize something of his, not on his account, but because of the nature of the events, I fear again the mockers, lest they bring up Ham, the son of Noah, against me, all of them casting envious glances at everyone and not seeing what is right because of malice and envy, and, as Homer says, blaming the blameless. p.2.3 For when one takes up the character of a historian, one must forget affection and hatred, and often adorn enemies with the greatest praises, when their deeds demand this, and often censure one's closest relations, when the errors of their ways indicate this. Therefore, one must shrink neither from criticizing friends nor from praising enemies. And I would console both these and those, both the ones censured by us and the ones approved by us, by calling as witnesses the deeds themselves and those who saw the deeds, both them and the deeds. For of some people living now, their fathers, and of others, their grandfathers, were witnesses of these things.

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Alexias

ΠΡΟΟΙΜΙΟΝ

p.1.1 Ῥέων ὁ χρόνος ἀκάθεκτα καὶ ἀεί τι κινούμενος παρασύρει καὶ

παραφέρει πάντα τὰ ἐν γενέσει καὶ ἐς βυθὸν ἀφανείας καταποντοῖ ὅπου μὲν οὐκ ἄξια λόγου πράγματα, ὅπου δὲ μεγάλα τε καὶ ἄξια μνήμης, καὶ τά τε ἄδηλα φύων κατὰ τὴν τραγῳδίαν καὶ τὰ φανέντα ἀποκρυπτόμενος. Ἀλλ' ὅ γε λόγος ὁ τῆς ἱστορίας ἔρυμα καρτερώτατον γίνεται τῷ τοῦ χρόνου ῥεύματι καὶ ἵστησι τρόπον τινὰ τὴν ἀκάθεκτον τούτου ῥοὴν καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ γινόμενα πάντα, ὁπόσα ὑπερείληφε, ξυνέχει καὶ περισφίγγει καὶ οὐκ ἐᾷ διολισθαίνειν εἰς λήθης βυθούς. p.1.2 Ταῦτα δὲ διεγνωκυῖα ἐγὼ Ἄννα, θυγάτηρ μὲν τῶν βασιλέων Ἀλεξίου καὶ Εἰρήνης, πορφύρας τιθήνημά τε καὶ γέννημα, οὐ γραμμάτων οὐκ ἄμοιρος, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνίζειν ἐς ἄκρον ἐσπουδακυῖα καὶ ῥητορικῆς οὐκ ἀμελετήτως ἔχουσα καὶ τὰς Ἀριστοτελικὰς τέχνας εὖ ἀναλεξαμένη καὶ τοὺς Πλάτωνος διαλόγους καὶ τὸν νοῦν ἀπὸ τῆς τετρακτύος τῶν μαθημάτων πυκάσασα (δεῖ γὰρ ἐξορχεῖσθαι ταῦτα, καὶ οὐ περιαυτολογία τὸ πρᾶγμα, ὅσα ἡ φύσις καὶ ἡ περὶ τὰς ἐπιστήμας σπουδὴ δέδωκε καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἄνωθεν ἐπεβράβευσε καὶ ὁ καιρὸς συνεισήνεγκε) βούλομαι διὰ τῆσδέ μου τῆς γραφῆς τὰς πράξεις ἀφηγήσασθαι τοὐμοῦ πατρὸς οὐκ ἀξίας σιγῇ παραδοθῆναι οὐδὲ τῷ ῥεύματι τοῦ χρόνου παρασυρῆναι καθάπερ εἰς πέλαγος ἀμνημοσύνης, ὅσας τε τῶν σκήπτρων ἐπειλημμένος κατεπράξατο καὶ ὅσας πρὸ τοῦ διαδήματος ἔδρασεν ἑτέροις βασιλεῦσιν ὑπηρετούμενος.

p.2.1 Ταύτας δὲ λέξουσα ἔρχομαι οὐχ ὡς ἐπίδειξίν τινα τῆς περὶ λόγους ποιουμένη ἀσκήσεως, ἀλλ' ὡς ἂν μὴ πρᾶγμα τηλικοῦτον τοῖς ἔπειτα γενησομένοις καταλειφθείη ἀμάρτυρον, ἐπεὶ καὶ τὰ μέγιστα τῶν ἔργων, εἰ μή πως ἄρα διὰ τῶν λόγων φυλαχθείη καὶ τῇ μνήμῃ παραδοθείη, τῷ τῆς σιωπῆς ἀποσβέννυται σκότῳ. Ἧν γὰρ ὁ ἐμὸς πατήρ, ὡς αὐτὰ τὰ πράγματα ἔδειξεν, ἐπιστάμενος ἄρχειν καὶ ὑπείκειν, ἐς ὅσον χρή, τοῖς ἄρχουσιν. p.2.2 Ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς ἐκείνου πράξεις προελομένη συγγράφειν δέδοικα τὸ ὑφορμοῦν τε καὶ ὑποτρέχον, μή ποτε λογίσαιτό τις τὰ τοῦ ἐμοῦ πατρὸς συγγράφουσαν τὰ ἑαυτῆς ἐπαινεῖν, καὶ ψεῦδος ἅπαν δόξῃ τὸ τῆς ἱστορίας πρᾶγμα καὶ ἐγκώμιον ἄντικρυς, εἴ τι τῶν ἐκείνου θαυμάζοιμι. Εἰ δέ που αὐτὸς ἐνέγκοι καὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα βιάζοιτο, ὥστε καθάπτεσθαί τι καὶ τῶν ἐκείνου, οὐ δι' ἐκεῖνον, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν τῶν πραγμάτων φύσιν, δέδοικα πάλιν τοὺς φιλοσκώμμονας, μή μοι τὸν τοῦ Νῶε Χὰμ ἐπενέγκοιεν ἐποφθαλμιῶντες ἅπαντες πρὸς ἅπαντας καὶ οὐ καθορῶντες τὸ καλῶς ἔχον ὑπὸ βασκανίας καὶ φθόνου, καὶ τὸν ἀναίτιον καθ' Ὅμηρον αἰτιόωνται. p.2.3 Ὅταν γάρ τις τὸ τῆς ἱστορίας ἦθος ἀναλαμβάνῃ, ἐπιλαθέσθαι χρὴ εὐνοίας καὶ μίσους καὶ πολλάκις κοσμεῖν τοὺς ἐχθροὺς τοῖς μεγίστοις ἐπαίνοις, ὅταν αἱ πράξεις ἀπαιτῶσι τοῦτο, πολλάκις δὲ ἐλέγχειν τοὺς ἀναγκαιοτάτους, ὅταν αἱ τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἁμαρτίαι τοῦθ' ὑποδεικνύωσι. ∆ιόπερ οὔτε τῶν φίλων καθάπτεσθαι οὔτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ἐπαινεῖν ὀκνητέον. Ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ τούτους κἀκείνους, καὶ τοὺς πληττομένους ὑφ' ἡμῶν καὶ τοὺς ἀποδεχομένους ἡμᾶς, παραμυθησαίμην ἂν ἀπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν ἑωρακότων τὰ πράγματα αὐτούς τε καὶ τὰ πράγματα μαρτυραμένη. Ἐνίων γὰρ τῶν νῦν ὄντων ἀνθρώπων οἱ μὲν πατέρες, οἱ δὲ πάπποι ἐγένοντο οἱ τούτων συνίστορες.